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	Intensity modulation - Wikipedia
		Intensity modulation (IM): In optical communications, a form of modulation in which the optical power output of a source is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal.
		Note: In intensity modulation, there are no discrete upper and lower sidebands in the usually understood sense of these terms, because present optical sources lack sufficient coherence to produce them.
		The envelope of the modulated optical signal is an analog of the modulating signal in the sense that the instantaneous power of the envelope is an analog of the characteristic of interest in the modulating signal.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /in/Intensity_modulation.html (124 words)

	Ink jet printing intensity modulation - Patent 4087825
		To modulate the intensity, the print pulses 121 and 122 for paper "A" may be expanded as shown by print pulses 123 and 124 for paper "B," while the data frequency represented by the time period 127 and the print speed are both lowered proportionately as represented by the expanded cycle time 128.
		To modulate the intensity, the drop and data frequencies, the print pulse width and the relative head-to-paper velocity are changed.
		The intensity modulation therefore accomplishes the impacting of a greater number of drops and therefore a greater volume of ink per spot for the drop stream 148.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4087825.html (3818 words)

	Intensity modulation Article, Intensitymodulation Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intensity modulation (IM): In optical communications, a form of modulation in which the optical power output of asource is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal.
		In intensity modulation, there are no discrete upper and lower sidebands inthe usually understood sense of these terms, because present optical sources lack sufficient coherence to produce them.
		The envelope of the modulated optical signal is an analog of the modulating signal inthe sense that the instantaneous power of the envelope is an analog of the characteristic of interest in the modulating signal.Recovery of the modulating signal is by direct detection, not heterodyning.
	www.anoca.org /signal/modulating/intensity_modulation.html (168 words)

	Apparatus and method for optical modulation - Patent 6643046
		An optical modulator according to an aspect of the present invention comprises a phase modulator configured to drive light with an NRZI-coded drive signal for phase modulation and an intensity modulator to modulate the intensity of a phase-modulated NRZI-coded optical signal received from the phase modulator.
		The intensity of the optical signal 11 output by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 103 is derived from Equation (1).
		The optical modulator 400 includes a plurality of optical sources 401a and 401b, a plurality of phase modulators 402a and 402b, a Mach- Zehnder interferometer 403, an optical comb filter 404, a plurality of NRZ-NRZI converters 405a and 405b, a plurality of drive circuits 406a and 406b, and an MUX 407.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6643046.html (9400 words)

	Bidirectional transmission system, especially one using optical fiber, employing a single carrier for both transmission ...
		Using a modulator M'.sub.2 the subscriber modulates this optical carrier with the data d'.sub.2 to be sent.
		The modulation for transmission in the downward direction is direct modulation of the intensity of said carrier, for example.
		Note also that in the case of digital modulating signals it is not necessary for the bit rate of the modulating signal applied second to be less than that of the modulating signal applied first and in particular that the bit rates of these two modulating signals can be the same.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5408350.html (2502 words)

	Intensity modulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intensity modulation (IM): In optical communications a form of modulation in which the optical power output of a source is varied in with some characteristic of the modulating signal.
		In intensity modulation there are no discrete upper lower sidebands in the usually understood sense these terms because present optical sources lack coherence to produce them.
		The envelope of the modulated optical signal is analog of the modulating signal in the that the instantaneous power of the envelope an analog of the characteristic of interest the modulating signal.
	www.freeglossary.com /Intensity_modulation (412 words)

	Intensity Modulation
		CERN Courier - For this second scheme, requirements on the intensity of both the electron beam and the laser beam are significantly relaxed...
		Optical signals are modulated by applying an electromagnetic current to vary the intensity of a laser beam.
		The simplest approached, based on intensity modulation with direct detection, is on-off keying (OOK), in which a zero is represented by zero intensity and a one by a positive intensity.
	electronic.rssg.info /Intensity-modulation.php (492 words)

	United States Patent: 6,528,801 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The method according to claim 22, wherein the intensity modulation of the radiation from the sample is due to intensity modulation of the stimulating radiation.
		The method according to claim 20, wherein the intensity modulation from the sample is due to physically influencing the sample in a modulated fashion.
		The modulated components 39 of the fluorescent spectrum are combined by an optical element 310 into an optical flux 311 focused onto the optical input of the single-photon detector 312.
	www.ece.sunysb.edu /~serge/pat35.html (4716 words)

	Method of analyzing semiconductor systems - Patent 4758786
		modulating the intensity of said beam at a known frequency to produce an alternating photocurrent output from the CIS system, the intensity and the frequency of modulation of said beam being such that the amplitude of said alternating photocurrent output is approximately proportional to the intensity of said beam,
		The measured current may be an alternating photocurrent produced by the additional step of modulating the intensity of the beam; in this case, either the amplitude or the phase (with respect to light intensity modulation) of the induced alternating photocurrent may be measured, as a function of the applied bias potential.
		Modulating the intensity of the probing radiation produces a time-varying concentration of mobile electron-hole pairs within the semiconductor, thereby producing the desired alternating photocurrent which may be measured in a capacitively coupled circuit, such as within a CIS semiconductor device.
	www.patentmonkey.com /PM/patentid/4758786.aspx (8859 words)

	Arrangement for the wavelength-selective internal intensity modulation and radiation pulse generation of high power ...
		An arrangement for the wavelength-selective internal intensity modulation and radiation pulse generation of high power CO.sub.2 lasers, in a high-power CO.sub.2 laser is forced to operate in the resonator at a freely selectable but fixed wavelength by means of a frequency-selective element and highly angle-selective gas discharge tubes.
		The internal intensity modulation and radiation pulse generation in high-power CO.sub.2 lasers, which take place directly in the laser resonator, is indispensible for extending the possible uses of laser techniques, especially within the setting of the aforementioned areas of application.
		In particular, for such a modulation and generation of radiation pulses, possibilities are required for external triggering in the sense of freely selectable parameters especially for the pulse peak power or pulse duration and the pulse repetition rate up to aperiodic pulse repetition, a simultaneous wavelength selection being desirable or absolutely essential in numerous applications.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4845716.html (1783 words)

	Frequency modulation - PatentStorm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		With respect to the relative intensity noise (RIN) for inputs to an optical modulator or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for outputs therefrom, the optical modulator modulating coherent lights of different wavelengths obtained by slicing a spectrum of the multi-wavelength light, the shape of a...
		An optical modulator is driven by applying, to a first signal electrode, an amplitude-modulated input driving signal waveform, which has a pair of same phase envelope lines, and which has a full width smaller than a potential difference between adjacent two of bias voltages at which an optical...
		A multi-tone photonic oscillator comprises a laser; an optical modulator coupled to the laser; and a delay line and a photodetector coupled to the optical modulator for generating a delayed electrical signal representation of the output of the optical modulator; wherein the optical...
	www.patentstorm.us /class/359/278-Frequency_modulation.html (3004 words)

	Having Particular Modulation - Intensity Modulation inventions
		The optical single sideband modulator includes an amplitude modulator and a converter comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier, using the chirp effect to convert an amplitude modulated optical signal into a single sideband signal without a filter for eliminating one of the sidebands.
		A transmitter for an optical RZ-DPSK communication signal comprises a source for an optical carrier, an electro-optical modulator which comprises at least one element having an optical path length adapted to be varied by an electrical driver signal for intensity modulating the optical carrier based on the driver signal, and...
		An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal for transmission over a fiber optic link to a remote receiver including a laser; a modulator for directly amplitude modulating the laser with an analog RF signal to produce an optical signal including an amplitude modulated information-containing component; and a phase...
	www.freshpatents.com /x1398186000psbc.php (2064 words)

	Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The intensity modulated fields were delivered using a step-and-shoot delivery on an Elekta SL20 accelerator equipped with multileaf collimator.
		Intensity modulated fields are a practical and more efficient method of delivering uniform doses to the spine in pediatric cancer treatments.
		Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Collaborative Working Group, "Intensity modulated radiotherapy: current status and issues of interest," Int.
	www.jacmp.org /archive.php?op=read&mode=abs&articleid=128 (490 words)

	Intensity modulation Information - intensity modulation
		The intensity modulation envelope of the modulated optical signal is an analog of the modulating signal in the sense that the instantaneous power of the envelope is an analog of the characteristic of interest in the modulating signal.
		The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors.
		The study of new semiconductor devices and their technology is sometimes considered as a branch of physics.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_I_-_K-/Intensity_modulation.html (184 words)

	Electro-Optic Modulation : Conoptics Electro-optic Components & Systems
		To insure that these requirements are satisfied, all the crystals used in the modulator are cut from the same crystal boule and are polished together to keep the lengths the same.
		This may be accomplished either by reducing the total capacitance of the modulator (i.e., using a smaller optical aperture) or by lowering the characteristic impedance of the balanced line.
		Electro-optic modulators also lend themselves to many research and development applications such as polarization rotators in high-speed ellipsometry, broadband optical feedback loops for plasma noise reduction of argon and dye lasers used in Raman spectroscopy, and high-speed pulse from a modelocked train.
	www.conoptics.com /Electro-Optic_Modulation-white_paper.htm (2473 words)

	TFCBooks -- Tesla Site Glossary
		FM) A form of modulation in which the frequency of the modulated carrier wave is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating wave.
		The basic types of modulation are angle modulation, including the special cases of phase modulation and frequency modulation, and amplitude modulation.
		The phase of the modulated carrier is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating wave.
	www.tfcbooks.com /mainpage/glossary.htm (11871 words)

	Untitled Document
		While the technology, referred to as intensity modulation, is not unique to IU, the Department has developed expertise in and refined this particular treatment approach.
		However, Dr. Morphis says that intensity modulation is used for all patients who receive breast irradiation.
		a) Intensity modulation is a more sophisticated way to compensate for variations in breast tissue thickness.
	www.radonc.iupui.edu /News_Views/N_v1998/Feb_Mar98/feb-mch_1.html (1449 words)

	Fluorescence Intermittency
		modulation sign and depth) were observed to vary from particle to particle, and even for different time periods for the same particle in some cases.
		Simultaneous intensity and frequency resolved PL measurement show the PL intensity modulation is in fact due to a field effect on the PL quantum yield.
		In nanowires the size of the “dark spot”, where the PL is quenched, depends on the collective efficiency of the ionized center, and is expected to be a strong function of temperature [2].
	www.theoryinstitute.org /blink/abstarcts.htm (2401 words)

	Operations Research and Radiation Oncology
		Intensity maps are nonnegative matrices describing the intensity modulation of beams in radiotherapy.
		Intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) design is the process of choosing how beams of radiation will travel through a cancer patient to treat the disease, and although optimization techniques have been suggested since the 1960s, they are still not widely used.
		In this paper the modulation of intensity matrices arising incancer radiation therapy using multileaf collimators (MLC) is investigated.
	www.trinity.edu /aholder/HealthApp/oncology/papers/paperlist.html (4546 words)

	ECS EPrints Service - Intensity modulation and polarization rotation of visible light by dielectric planar chiral ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intensity modulation and polarization rotation of visible light by dielectric planar chiral metamaterials
		These effects are shown to be dependent on the sense of chirality of the surface and the input polarization state of the light.
		Individual diffracted beams can show variations of over 30% in their intensities for different input polarization states while opposite enantiomeric structures can exhibit differences of over 50%.The size of these effects could make these surfaces particularly promising candidates for the development of solid-state polarization-state detectors.
	eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /11027 (216 words)

	Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
		Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a relatively new way of delivering radiation that theoretically delivers more radiation to cancers while delivering less radiation to normal tissues than conventional three-dimensional conformal radiation (3D-CRT).
		This also means that a treatment plan might be designed to deliver a higher dose to certain areas of the tumor at high risk of progression and a lower dose to areas at lower risk of progression.
		Intensity modulation to improve dose uniformity with tangential breast radiotherapy: Initial clinical experience.
	professional.cancerconsultants.com /current_oncology_2002.aspx?id=30370 (1976 words)

	News Release 060929a
		The Mach-Zehnder interference type, lithium niobate (LN) modulator has been used as a binary intensity or phase modulator in high-speed transmitters, but there is a trade-off between driving voltage and bandwidth and it was considered to be virtually impossible to raise the operation speed to at least 100 Gbps.
		While the conventional binary intensity modulation format uses a photodiode in the receiver, the DQPSK receiver needs a pair of balanced photodetectors, usually realized by integrating two high-speed photodiodes, making it difficult to achieve high-speed operation, high sensitivity, and uniform conversion efficiency, simultaneously.
		Modulation format in which CSRZ pulse modulation is added to differential quadrature phase modulation; it is appropriate for high-density WDM long-distance transmission.
	www.ntt.co.jp /news/news06e/0609/060929a.html (1100 words)

	Intense Pulse Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is possible to define the intensity of the water coming from a garden sprinkler, but intensity is used most frequently with waves (i.e.
		For example, "the intensity of pressure" is meaningless as the parameters of those variables do not match.
		A traffic intensity of one traffic unit (one erlang) means continuous occupancy of a facility during the time period under consideration, regardless of whether or not information is transmitted.
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/43/intense-pulse-light.html (1594 words)

	Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE, SMOKE) with Photoelastic Modulators (PEM) for polarization measurement
		MOKE experiments are designed to detect small changes in polarization that occur because electrical fields influence the polarization state of optical radiation as it passes through a transparant medium.
		The modulated light is then reflected by the sample, which is situated in the center of the electromagnet poles.
		Setting the analyzer angle to 0° greatly simplifies the mathematical relationship between the intensity ratios measured and the magneto-optical parameters.
	www.hindsinstruments.com /PEM_Components/Applications/MAGNETO-OPTICALKERREFFECT.ASPX (166 words)

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