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Topic: Intercalary


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In the News (Tue 14 Feb 12)

  
  Chinese calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Beginning in 256 BCE with the Qin kingdom, which would later become the Qin dynasty, the intercalary month was an extra ninth month at the end of a year that began with the tenth month, now placing the winter solstice in the eleventh month.
However, the conjunction of the sun and moon (the astronomical new moon) used the mean motions of both the sun and moon only until 619, the second year of the Tang dynasty, when both began to use true motions modeled using two offset opposing parabolas (with small linear and cubic components).
The true motion of the sun was now used to calculate the jiéqì, which caused the intercalary month to often occur after the second through the ninth months, but rarely after the tenth through first months.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_calendar   (3520 words)

  
 Intercalation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In many calendars, this is done by adding to a common year of 365 days, an extra day (leap day or intercalary day): this makes a leap year of 366 days.
In the Gregorian calendar, the intercalary day is February 29.
The solar year does not have a whole number of lunar months either, so a lunisolar calendar must have a variable number of months in a year.
www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intercalary_month   (201 words)

  
 Islamic calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Whether the intercalary month (Nasi) was added in the spring like that of the Hebrew calendar or in autumn is debatable.
It is assumed that the intercalary month was added between the twelfth month (the month of the pre-Islamic Hajj) and the first month (Muharram) of this pre-Islamic year.
On the other hand, Muhammad forbade the intercalary month (released the calendar from the seasons) near the end of his life, which implies a pre-Islamic year beginning near the vernal equinox because that is when the modern lunar year began during his last year.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islamic_calendar   (1980 words)

  
 "The Gregorian Calendar and Leap Years" -- skw9602a   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
Intercalary is the adjective form of the verb to intercalate, which means to insert.
This last name is derived from the location of the intercalary day every fourth year in the Julian calendar that was put into use by Julius Caesar in 45 B.C. He realized that a tropical year, the interval of time between successive beginnings of spring, is about 365 1/4 days.
Since agriculture was the main occupation of most people in the world until 200 years ago, adjusting the calendar year to fit the seasons seems the most reasonable way to form a calendar.
www.as.wvu.edu /~jel/skywatch/skw9602a.htm   (642 words)

  
 INTERCALARY - LoveToKnow Article on INTERCALARY   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
From the meaning of something inserted or placed between, intercalary is used for something which interrupts a series, or comes between two types.
In botany, the term is used of growth which is not apical but somewhere between the apex and base of an organ, such as the growth in length of an Iris leaf, or of the internode of a grass-haulm.
The intercolumniations of the columns of the Ionic Order are greater, averaging 2 diameters, but then the relative proportion of height to diameter in the column has tc be taken into account, as also the width of the peristyle.
www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INTERCALARY.htm   (1316 words)

  
 How Cool Season Grasses Grow and Plant Needs: Forage Factsheet - BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
Intercalary meristems (areas of cell division or growth) are located at the base of the leaf blade and sheath, and at the internode.
Continues to grow (produce intercalary meristems) as long as the apical meristem is in the vegetative state.
Once the intercalary meristem is removed the growth stops because the Source of regrowth is gone.
www.agf.gov.bc.ca /range/publications/documents/grass_growth.htm   (2074 words)

  
 Botany Glossary "I"
Intercalary growth is grow due to the activity of the intercalary meristem.
Intercalary meristem is meristem at the base of the internode in monocot stems (particularly in grass stems).
Interfascicular cambium is vascular cambium derived from the de-differtiated parenchyma cells of the pith ray.
www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botglosi.htm   (327 words)

  
 "The Gregorian Calendar and Leap Years" -- skw9602a   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
The current year, 1996, is referred to as a "leap year" because we have inserted a "leap day" to make the length 366 days rather than the usual 365 days.
The official name of the "leap day" is an intercalary day (with the accent on the second syllable).
Caesar's intercalary day was inserted on what is now the day before February 24, thus making a second, sixth day (bissextile) counting back from March 1 -- the beginning of the Roman year.
www.as.wvu.edu /~jel/skw9602a.htm   (642 words)

  
 The Jewish Calendar
The Veador intercalary month is included seven different times, and every two or three years within the 19-year lunar/solar Metonic cycle of the Jewish calendar.
Intercalary months are added to 354-days or 355-days to give 383, 384, or 385-days in the Jewish leap year (Eqn.
The Veador intercalary month is included seven different times, and every two or three years within the 19 year lunar/solar Metonic Cycle of the Jewish Calendar.
timeemits.com /wpjchp.htm   (3118 words)

  
 Roman to Julian Conversion: Calendars
Antiates Maiores shows a fixed Intercalaris of 27 days, with the Kalends being assigned a nundinal letter of G, and ending with a nundinal letter of A, as in a standard Februarius, so we must conclude that the intercalary month itself was fixed, and the variability was handled in a different way.
Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.13.19, describes an additional intercalary day that could be inserted, also around the Terminalia or into an intercalary month, in order to avoid having a market day fall on the Nones, or on the first day of the year.
If the intercalary month was 23 days, the effect of the extra day would be to convert it to a 24-day intercalary month; since 24 is a multiple of 8, this would not change the relationship of the market day to the Nones.
www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm   (2993 words)

  
 INTERCALARY - Definition
29 is an intercalary day"; "leap year is an intercalary year"
(Chron.) Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an intercalary month, day, etc.; -- now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb.
{Intercalary day} (Med.), one on which no paroxysm of an intermittent disease occurs.
www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/Intercalary   (73 words)

  
 Pseudidae
The intercalary phalangeal elements are very different than those of arboreal frogs such as hylids and centrolenids.
The elongate nature of the intercalary element is unique among frogs, and suggests a role in increasing the length of the digit and area of the webbing in these highly aquatic frogs.
Intercalary elements are also known in Hyperoliidae and Rhacophoridae, as well as mantelline ranids and phrynomerine microhylids.
www.zo.utexas.edu /research/salientia/pseudidae/pseudidae.html   (483 words)

  
 Chinese calendar - InformationBlast
Beginning in 256 BC with the Qin kingdom, which would later become the Qin dynasty, the intercalary month was an extra ninth month at the end of a year that began with the tenth month, now placing the winter solstice in the eleventh month.
His Tàichū 太初 (Grand Inception) calendar of 104 BC had a year with the winter solstice in the eleventh month and designated as intercalary any calendar month (a month of 29 or 30 whole days) during which the sun remained within the same sign of the zodiac throughout.
Because the sun's mean motion was used to calculate the jiéqì until 1645, this intercalary month was equally likely to occur after any month of the year.
www.informationblast.com /Chinese_year.html   (2805 words)

  
 Kende, H; Faculty Plant Biology Department at Michigan State Unversity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
We have investigated the effect of GA on cell division activity in the intercalary meristem and have correlated the progression of cells through the cell cycle to molecular events that regulate it, e.g., the expression of a cdc2 gene and of cyclin genes (9).
The cyclins were expressed in the intercalary meristem and the elongation zone of the internode, but the GA-induced increase in transcript levels was restricted to the meristem only.
In the intercalary meristem and in the differentiation zone of the internode, ß-glucan levels were ca.
www.plantbiology.msu.edu /kende.shtml   (3978 words)

  
 CalendarHome.com - Julian calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
In addition, an intercalary month, the Mensis Intercalaris, was sometimes inserted between February and March.
This intercalary month was formed by inserting 22 days before the last five days of February, creating a 27-day month.
According to the later writers Censorinus and Macrobius, the ideal intercalary cycle consisted of ordinary years of 355 days alternating with intercalary years, which were alternately 377 and 378 days long.
encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Julian_calendar.htm   (2465 words)

  
 19-year Cycle, Hebrew Calendar
It is important that you understand that the modern Hebrew calendar with its calculated dates and predetermined use of 7 intercalary months did not begin to be used until about the year AD 360.
During the 5th century BC, The use of 7 intercalary months in each 19-year cycle was not predetermined as it is in the modern Hebrew calendar.
This study also confirms that 9 intercalary months were used in a period of 20 years, which supports the Hebrews at Elephantine were on a learning curve in determining when to insert an intercalary month.
www.harvardhouse.com /prophetictech/new/19-year_cycles.htm   (806 words)

  
 calendar. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
Reckoning of day and year was considered necessary by many ancient peoples to determine sacred days, to arrange plans for the future, and to keep some intelligible record of the past.
The intercalary month of 30 days, Adar II, is added after Adar, Nisan being in ancient times the first month.
The difference between solar time and the cycles was adjusted by intercalary months and shorter intercalary periods.
www.bartleby.com /65/ca/calendar.html   (2108 words)

  
 Leap Year Day and Julius Caesar.
For this reason, an intercalary month of varying length was added every two to three years.
The Pontiffs decided when the intercalary month would occur: Consuls who they favored were given an extra month in office.
This was the when the Pontiffs had previously added their intercalary month for Consuls they favored, the time Caesar had done away with.
www.tortuga.com /college/tutorials/leapyear2.html   (807 words)

  
 Interactive Fly, Drosophila
Thus col appears to be specifically expressed in posterior cells of the intercalary segment (parasegment -1) and in anterior cells of the mandibular segment [the first pregnathal (in front of the mouth) segment], a region that possibly corresponds to parasegment 0 (Crozatier, 1996).
Because the anterior compartment cells of the hypopharyngeal lobe primordium are not separated by intervening hh- or en-expressing cells from the anterior mandibular segment, the hypopharyngeal lobe should be considered nominally part of the mandibular segment, although it appears to be defined independently at blastoderm stages, as judged by kn activation.
Col is ventrally repressed by ems and the mesodermal genes sna and twi; by the trunk pair rule gene eve in the posterior, and by a yet unknown factor in the anterior.
www.sdbonline.org /fly/gene/collier4.htm   (5328 words)

  
 Calendopaedia - The Julian Calender
The intercalary month of twenty-three days fell into the year of course, so that the ancient year of 355 days received an augmentation of ninety days; and the year on that occasion contained in all 445 days.
February having then twenty-nine days, the 25th was the 6th of the calends of March, sexto calendas; the preceding, which was the additional or intercalary day, was called bis-sexto calendas,--hence the term bissextile, which is still employed to distinguish the year of 366 days.
In the modern calendar the intercalary day is still added to February, not, however, between the 24th and 25th, but as the 29th.
www.geocities.com /calendopaedia/julian.htm   (1229 words)

  
 Grass Structures - Mechanisms for Growth - Grass Growth and Regrowth for Improved Management   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
The five are the apical meristem (meristem=tissues capable of growth), the intercalary meristem, basal buds, stolons, and rhizomes.
Intercalary meristems begin in the primordium and are pushed upward to become the base of each leaf blade.
This expansion is conducive for photosynthesis and, if a leaf tip is removed, the intercalary cells continue to increase the leaf blade although the leaf tip will not regrow.
forages.oregonstate.edu /projects/regrowth/print.cfm?PageID=58   (361 words)

  
 Roman to Julian Conversion: AUC 563 = 191 BC
674 shows that there were a minimum of 4, 5 or 6 pairs of consecutive intercalary years between A.U.C. and the year of that inscription, depending on whether it was written in A.U.C. or one of the two previous years.
An intercalary year was normally 378 days long, and was preceded and succeeded by regular years.
Although such a run could have occurred in the last decade of the second century, there was certainly one under Caesar's pontificate, apparently because of the desire to avoid a market day on Kal.
www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/191bc.htm   (999 words)

  
 The Pahlavi Rivayat of Farnbag-Srosh
Q: The question is this: I forthwith accepted the intercalary reckoning of you who are of increased glory, in this auspicious land of Awar-satr, and I commenced the yazishn [[yasna]] with the ritual as directed.
One of the pious disciples says: "Until it becomes clear to me as to how they made this very intercalary reckoning, I am not to be steadfast to it; for, I saw Magopat Fray-srosh, and he has written an explanation, and has raised many points of view; I do not understand how this is done".
He says: "The teacher Abu Masur is an imperial personage, and does not understand the Scripture as regards the infringement of the laws of Srosh; in his house there is no person who can himself perform the yazishn of persons, and according to the former sequence of reckoning".
www.avesta.org /pahlavi/farnbsro.html   (2210 words)

  
 NASA - Calendars and Their History
An intercalary month is introduced in years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 in a nineteen-year cycle of 235 lunations.
When an intercalary month is added, it bears the number of the previous month, but is designated as intercalary.
The conditions for adding an intercalary month are determined by the occurrence of the New Moon with respect to divisions of the tropical year.
sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEhelp/calendars.html   (8490 words)

  
 Chinese calendar - InformationBlast
The legend states that the first Chinese calendar was invented by the first legendary emperor, Huangdi or the Yellow Emperor, whose reign was assigned to 2698-2599 BC.
Because Chinese dates are on firm ground beginning in 841 BC, the calendar of the early Zhou dynasty is known to have used arbitrary intercalations.
With the introduction of Western astronomy into China via the Jesuits, the motions of both the sun and moon began to use sinusoids in the 1645 Shíxiàn (Constant Conformity) calendar of the Qing dynasty.
www.informationblast.com /Chinese_calendar.html   (2789 words)

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