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Topic: Intercalary day

	Intercalation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The solar year does not have whole number of days, but a calendar year must have a whole number of days.
		In many calendars, this is done by adding to a common year of 365 days, an extra day (leap day or intercalary day): this makes a leap year of 366 days.
		In the Gregorian calendar, the intercalary day is February 29.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intercalation (201 words)

	"The Gregorian Calendar and Leap Years" -- skw9602a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Intercalary is the adjective form of the verb to intercalate, which means to insert.
		This last name is derived from the location of the intercalary day every fourth year in the Julian calendar that was put into use by Julius Caesar in 45 B.C. He realized that a tropical year, the interval of time between successive beginnings of spring, is about 365 1/4 days.
		Since the first day of spring had fallen on March 21 in 325 A.D. when the Council of Nicaea had established the dates for the holidays in the Christian calendar, Gregory felt it was important to put the seasons back in the same places in the calendar.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~jel/skywatch/skw9602a.htm (642 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: Calendars
		Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.13.19, describes an additional intercalary day that could be inserted, also around the Terminalia or into an intercalary month, in order to avoid having a market day fall on the Nones, or on the first day of the year.
		If the intercalary month was 23 days, the effect of the extra day would be to convert it to a 24-day intercalary month; since 24 is a multiple of 8, this would not change the relationship of the market day to the Nones.
		While the exact festival day is used as early as the fourth century, the earliest known example of antedating with respect to a festival is a date a.d.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm (2993 words)

	CALENDAR - LoveToKnow Article on CALENDAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		February having then twenty-nine days, the 25th was the 6th of the calends of March, sexto calendas; the preceding, which was the additional or intercalary day, was called bis-sexto calendas, hence the term bissextile, which is still employed to distinguish the year of 366 days.
		The number of years in the intercalary period being four, and the days of the week being seven, their product is 4 X 7 = 28; twenty-eight years is therefore a period which includes all the possible combinations of the days of the week with the commencement of the year.
		From 1900 to 2100 inclusive it is thirteen days.
	32.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CALENDAR.htm (15807 words)

	calendar. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Reckoning of day and year was considered necessary by many ancient peoples to determine sacred days, to arrange plans for the future, and to keep some intelligible record of the past.
		These three were the Kalends (1st day of the month), the Nones (the 7th day in March, May, July, and October, the 5th in the other months), and the Ides (the 15th day in March, May, July, and October, the 13th in the other months).
		Thus, Jan. 10 was the fourth day before the Ides of January or the fourth day of the Ides of January, because the Romans counted inclusively.
	bartleby.com /65/ca/calendar.html (2108 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Julian calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		According to the later writers Censorinus and Macrobius, the ideal intercalary cycle consisted of ordinary years of 355 days alternating with intercalary years, which were alternately 377 and 378 days long.
		Roman dates before 32 BC were typically a day or two before the day with the same Julian date, so 1 January in the Roman calendar of the first year of the Julian reform actually fell on 31 December 46 BC (Julian date).
		A curious effect of this is that Caesar's assassination on the Ides (15th day) of March in 44 BC fell on 14 March 44 BC in the Julian calendar.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Julian_calendar.htm (2465 words)

	Calendars
		Whether a day begins at sunset, sunrise, midnight or noon, the number of days between two events can be determined without error, so long as one stays in the same place and sober.
		Each day is pretty much like the last, with the sun rising in the east, and then setting in the west, either obviously or behind the weather.
		Day 1 was sometime in 4713 BC, and we are now up in the millions, but this count is reliable, and the best way to find the time between two events.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/astro/calendar.htm (1462 words)

	Leap year
		The leap year (or intercalary year or bissextile year) is a method of keeping the calendar year in sync with the seasons.
		By occasionally inserting (or intercalating) an additional day into the year, making it 366 days long instead of the usual 365, this can be corrected.
		Now our leap day would repeat the 6th day before the 1st day of March (count including the 1st day itself, as was their custom): hence "bissextile" day, which falls to 24 Feb.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/l/le/leap_year.html (700 words)

	Calendars and their History
		By convention, the day is the smallest calendrical unit of time; the measurement of fractions of a day is classified as timekeeping.
		The principal astronomical cycles are the day (based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis), the year (based on the revolution of the Earth around the Sun), and the month (based on the revolution of the Moon around the Earth).
		Days are reckoned from sunset to sunset, so that day 1 begins at sunset on Saturday and ends at sunset on Sunday.
	astro.nmsu.edu /~lhuber/leaphist.html (8496 words)

	Praesepium - Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Twenty-three days were added to February in the customary style and another sixty-seven days were inserted between November and December.[4] This year that bridged the commencement of Caesar’s reign with the preceding years of calendrical confusion became known as the "Last Year of Confusion" or more simply as the “Year of Confusion”.
		Augustus continued to rule up until the day of his death, which can be reported as the 19th day of August belonging to the 57th year of the Julian calendar or, alternately, the fourteenth year of the readjusted Julian calendar (19 August 14 CE).
		The mean calendar year of 365 days and six hours is just short of a tropical year, so that the date for the equinoxes and the solstices fall three days earlier over a course of four centuries.
	www.rxs.bigstep.com /generic.html?pid=8 (2919 words)

	A Definition of the Dominical Letter
		When intercalary adjustments were made to the Roman calendar (as needed to return named days to their former season) additional days or months always followed the February 23rd feast day of Terminalia.
		Because that following day during the Julian Calendar's time was known as the sixth of the Calends of March, and subsequent days were the fifth through second of that segment, in intercalary years the additional day in February was also known as the sixth of the Calends of March.
		Doubling up of that day during intercalary years, as well as some of the other traditions mentioned here, were adopted by the Catholic church when it first made use of the old Roman calendar.
	www.12x30.net /domin.html (533 words)

	Calendopaedia - The Julian Calender
		A day was accordingly taken from February and given to August; and in order that three months of thirty-one days might not come together, September and November were reduced to thirty days, and thirty-one given to October and December.
		February having then twenty-nine days, the 25th was the 6th of the calends of March, sexto calendas; the preceding, which was the additional or intercalary day, was called bis-sexto calendas,--hence the term bissextile, which is still employed to distinguish the year of 366 days.
		The solution to problem 2) depended on the fact that it was felt that 21 March was the proper day for vernal equinox (because 21 March was the date for vernal equinox during the Council of Nicaea in AD The Gregorian calendar was therefore calibrated to make that day vernal equinox.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Lab/7671/julian.htm (1229 words)

	Hans Christian Andersen : The Days of the Week :: www.andersen.sdu.dk :: The Hans Christian Andersen Center
		On the intercalary day they would get together for a party, and, as February is the month of carnivals, they would come in costumes of each one's taste and choice; they would eat well, drink well, make speeches, and be complimentary and disagreeable to one another in unrestrained comradeship.
		While the vikings of olden times used to throw their gnawed-off bones at each other's heads during mealtime, the days of the week intended to throw jokes and sarcastic witticisms such as might be in keeping with the innocent carnival spirit.
		She was of a quiet, cheerful character, she said, but today she felt gay and free, for this was intercalary day, which, according to an old custom, gives a woman the right to dare propose to a man and not have to wait for him to propose to her.
	www.andersen.sdu.dk /vaerk/hersholt/TheDaysOfTheWeek_e.html (668 words)

	[No title]
		If the number of days divided by seven leaves remainder 0, the day of the week must be Monday, if it leaves remainder 1, it must be Tuesday, and so on.
		But by subtracting this number we removed also the intercalary days of the years whose number is divisible by 400.
		To compute its day of the week we have to add the number of days that passed since January 1 of the year, which are d-1.
	fuzzy.cs.uni-magdeburg.de /studium/ads/src/dow.c (1544 words)

	Monday Supplemental Information
		Officially, 29 February is called an "intercalary day", but this day is commonly called "leap day" or by some other name such as Saddie Hawkins Day according to local legend.
		The astronomers correctly reasoned that a more precise length of the solar year was 365.244 days (or 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds), which was 1 minute and 14 seconds shorter than the 365.25 days used in the Julian calendar.
		Weather records are kept for this day, and because of the uniqueness of the day, any new daily record established on this date is typically heralded.
	www.meteor.wisc.edu /~hopkins/online/spring/9904msup.htm (809 words)

	Chapter Inteneration <i>to</i> Intercede of I by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		To breed by crossing different stocks of animals or plants.
		Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an intercalary month, day, etc.; — now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year.
		The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a calendar.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1200/23046/5.html (225 words)

	Leap Year Day and Julius Caesar.
		This result gave a year of 354 days, which followed the moons, but was far short of the 365-day solar year.
		He adjusted the lengths of the months so that there were 365 days to a year with only one intercalary day required every four years.
		To celebrate the holy day, two male priests ran through the streets wearing only the skins of sacrificed animals, beating women with leather straps called februa in the belief that it would make them fertile.
	www.tortuga.com /college/tutorials/leapyear2.html (807 words)

	Two Perpetual Calendars
		The first day of the Third Millennium of the Common Era would seem to be an auspicious point to introduce an improved calendar.
		New Year Day and Calendar Day (when it occurs) fall on the same solar day along in the year in both calendars and are therefore equivalent dates in both.
		New Year Day and Calendar Day (in Long Years) are intercalary days, not part of a week, and take no number date other than the year.
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/becker.htm (1654 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thus the Pharisees initially came to the conclusion that the Pentecost on which the law was given was on Sivan 7, and on the seventh day of the week.
		In the pattern of intercalary years used in Jesus' day, years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 18 of a 19-year cycle were intercalary.
		The accumulated variation in the Hebrew calendar (one day in 216 years) would be most serious in the seventh year of the 19-year cycle, when Pentecost would tend to be pushed closest towards summer.
	www.giveshare.org /HolyDay/penteadj.html (2414 words)

	Leap Year Days. Thirteen moon calendar
		In the thirteen moon calendar Sunday, April 01, 2001 is the 25th day of the 9th moon, on Alpha, or the 5th day of the week.
		Yes, it is a day, but it is not a day of the week, nor is it a day on the Tzolkin.
		February 29 is completely arbitrary, a day to make up the.2421896698 of a day difference between the 365 days of the year and the actual amount of time the Earth takes to go around the Sun.
	www.tortuga.com /college/tutorials/leapyearprint.html (1369 words)

	[No title]
		Since the first day of 1 HE began at the time of aphelion (2000 UT for calendrical purposes) by definition, the first day of 1 HE was also the first full day after aphelion was passed.
		The Waldzell Calendar employs intercalary days in the sense that the calendar "waits" for the next aphelion: since the day is always 24 hours long, the year does not always have the same number of days.
		In each case, New Year's is the first day of the first month of the new year, and the calendar must sometimes wait an extra (intercalary) day for that event.
	www36.pair.com /waldzell/Forum/time.html (970 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: Analysis A.U.C. 713 = 41 B.C.
		However, allthough the wording is a little confusing, the intent is clear: an intercalary day had been inserted in the "preceding" year (i.e.
		In effect, this model requires that A.U.C. 40 was a 364-day year in order for the total number of days be unaffected while preserving the phase of the triennial cycle.
		Since Antonius was at that time the opponent of Lepidus' ally, Octavian, in the Perusian war, it was highly desirable to replace him as soon as and in as normal a fashion as possible.
	www.geocities.com /christopherjbennett/ptolemies/chron/roman/041bc.htm (704 words)

	Articles: Bissextile, Intercalary, Embolistic
		He recommended that 10 days should be left out of the year 1582 to bring the calendar back into synchronism with the seasons and that centennial years should only be leap years if they were divisible by 400.
		He only took out 10 days to return the calendar to the position it had had in 325, when the rules for setting Easter had been first established at the Council of Nicaea (at the place which is now called Iznik, in Turkey).
		intercalary, from the Latin inter–, “between” and calare, “to proclaim”, because it was the custom to proclaim the fact of the inserted extra day to give people due warning of it.
	www.worldwidewords.org /articles/calendar.htm (1481 words)

	Vindolanda Tablets Online \| Reference \| Dates and events
		He established the 365 day year as the basis for the calendar at Rome, with an added 'intercalary'day (an extra day to compensate for the discrepancy with the solar year) every four years.
		Pope Gregory removed a small number of 'intercalary' days (three every 400 years, hence 1600 and 2000 are leap years, but not 1700, 1800 and 1900) to adjust for the very slight deviation from the solar year in Caesar's system.
		To express individual days, the months were divided into units with reference to the Kalends (Kalendae), the first day of the month, (abbreviated to K or Kal), Nones (Nonae), the fifth or seventh day of every month (abbreviated to Non) and the Ides (Idus) (thirteenth or fifteenth day).
	vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk /reference/dates.shtml (769 words)

	Annuary Calendar
		The intercalary months are shortened to 29 days in years ending in 99 and years ending in 00, but not divisible by 400.
		The new and full moon days repeat once every 11600 years, giving a mean period of 29.530591 days, identical to the old version of my my ONE DAY BEFORE calendar, which actually has the same period of repetition.
		The 33 month cycle of this calendar has one day more than a whole number of weeks, except when the intercalary month is shortened, then it has a whole number of weeks.
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/palmen/anry.htm (1239 words)

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