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Topic: Intercalated disc

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	Intercalated disc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An intercalated disc is an undulating double membrane separating adjacent cells in cardiac muscle fibers.
		Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue.
		When observing cardiac tissue through a microscope, intercalated discs are an identifying feature of cardiac muscle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intercalated_disc (149 words)

	Intercalated disc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The intercalated disc is an undulating double membrane separating adjacent cells in cardiac muscle fibers.
		Intercalated discs support syncronised contraction of cardiac tissue.
		cisc d15c d1sc ddisc diac dic dics didc diec diisc dis disc discc dissc diwc dixc dizc djsc dksc dosc dsc dsic dusc eisc fisc idsc risc sisc xisc
	www.mispedia.org /Intercalated_disc.html (52 words)

	Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
		Intercalated discs play a vital role in the function of cardiac muscle, as we shall learn next.
		An action potential can travel across an intercalated disc, moving quickly from one cardiac muscle cell to another.
		Myofibrils in the two interlocking muscle cells are firmly anchored to the membrane at the intercalated disc.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/martinidemo/chapter10/medialib/CH10/html/ch10_8.html (620 words)

	Remodeling the intercalated disc leads to cardiomyopathy in mice misexpressing cadherins in the heart.
		Remodeling the intercalated disc leads to cardiomyopathy in mice misexpressing cadherins in the heart.To examine the effect of cadherin specificity on cardiac structure and function, we expressed either the epithelial cadherin, E-cadherin, or N-cadherin in the heart of transgenic mice.
		Myofibril organization appeared normal although, vinculin, which normally localizes to the intercalated disc, was redistributed to the cytoplasm in the E-cadherin transgenic mice.
		The contractile force of the cardiomyocyte is transmitted through the adherens junction, a component of the intercalated disc, enabling the myocardium to function as a syncytium.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9249315.html (267 words)

	The organization of adherens junctions and desmosomes at the cardiac intercalated disc is independent of gap junctions ...
		The organization of adherens junctions and desmosomes at the cardiac intercalated disc is independent of gap junctions -- Gutstein et al.
		Merged images are shown in C (control) and F (CKO) and demonstrate that adherens junction localization to the intercalated disc, indicated by cadherin staining, is unchanged in the absence of Cx43.
		Electron microscopy of the intercalated disc in a control mouse heart (A) shows a gap junction (arrow) in close proximity to adherens junctions (white arrowheads) and desmosomes (fl arrowheads), while a representative intercalated disc in a CKO heart (B) shows no gap junctions but intact architecture of the remaining structures.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/figsonly/116/5/875 (778 words)

	Vertebrate Isoforms of Actin Capping Protein {beta} Have Distinct Functions In Vivo -- Hart and Cooper 147 (6): 1287 -- ...
		CPß2 is at intercalated discs and in a punctate
		isoform, with fragmentation of the intercalated disc and a reduction
		truncated intercalated discs in the myocardium; the morphology
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/147/6/1287 (5916 words)

	intercalated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		the principal cell and the intercalated cell, with the latter responsible for...
		The intercalated cell of the kidney (and urinary bladders of reptiles and...
		An intercalated disc is an undulating double membrane separating adjacent cells...
	intercalated.inetsearcher.com (240 words)

	Cardiac muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A single cardiac muscle cell, if left without input, will contract rhythmically at a steady rate; if two cardiac muscle cells are in contact, whichever one contracts first will stimulate the other to contract, and so on.
		This transmission of impulses makes cardiac muscle tissue similar to nerve tissue, although the cells are connected by intercalated discs, which conduct electrical potentials directly, rather than the chemical synapses used by neurons.
		Specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node normally determine the overall rate of contractions, with an average resting pulse of 72 beats per minute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardiac_muscle (495 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells
		Each branching fiber limited by an intercalated disc constitutes a single muscle fiber.
		Intercalated discs are the sites of transmission of excitatory impulses from cell to cell and provide firm attachment for contiguous fibers.
		The stain used in this preparation is particularly useful for demonstrating intercalated discs.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /MicroscopicAnatomy/Section05/Plate0576.shtml (303 words)

	Vertebrate isoforms of actin capping protein beta have distinct functions In vivo. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		beta1 is at the Z-line; beta2 is at the intercalated disc and cell periphery in general.
		Mice expressing beta1 showed altered morphology of the intercalated disc, without the lethality or myofibril disruption of the beta2-expressing mice.The in vivo function of CP is presumed to involve binding barbed ends of actin filaments.
		These mice showed both myofibril disruption and intercalated disc remodeling, as predicted.Therefore, CPbeta1 and CPbeta2 each have a distinct function that cannot be provided by the other isoform.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_10601341.html (204 words)

	Identification, Tissue-specific Expression, and Subcellular Localization of the 80- and 71-kDa Forms of Myotonic ...
		Cadherin, which is localized to the intercalated discs, was almost exclusively found in the crude membrane pellet (Fig.
		B, cadherin immunoblotting of the stripped membrane in panelA demonstrated that almost all the intercalated disc associated protein cadherin (135 kDa) was confined to the pellet.
		The Purkinje conduction system of the heart is a highly specialized group of cells, which exhibit a 4-fold increase in conduction velocity and a high number of intercellular connections, gap junctions, and desmosomes in the intercalated disc, compared to the disc structure in normal cardiac myocytes(24).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/35/20246 (4516 words)

	Metavinculin Mutations Alter Actin Interaction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- Olson et al. 105 (4): 431 -- Circulation
		In cardiac myocytes, vinculin and metavinculin colocalize to intercalated
		Intercalated Discs Are Disrupted by a Metavinculin Mutation
		Intercalated discs are disrupted by the Arg975Trp substitution in metavinculin.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/105/4/431 (3942 words)

	[No title]
		Intercalated discs mark a strong end-to-end cell connection.
		Fibres branch and anastomose and, until intercalated discs were discerned using EM, the muscle was believed to be syncytial - one huge cell.
		EM shows the intercalated discs to be extensive, interdigitated cell junctions with gap junctions, fasciae adhaerentes, where the myofibrils attach, and desmosomes.
	wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu /histolch9.htm (1797 words)

	The Heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Heart is comprised of cardiac cells connected via intercalated discs.
		The intercalated discs act as a junction for electrical charges.
		Any elecrical impulse that affects one cardiac cell will affect all the cardiac cells throught the intercalated disc connections.
	www.utpb.edu /courses/jeldridge/KINE3350/heart.htm (40 words)

	Subunit composition and role of Na+,K+-ATPases in ventricular myocytes.
		The alpha3 isoform was expressed prominently in the guinea-pig intercalated disc and slightly in the rat.
		On the other hand, the beta1 isoform was located in the transverse tubules and surface sarcolemma, whereas the beta2 was mainly located in the intercalated disc.
		We thus conclude that the alpha2beta1 and alpha3beta2 isozymes are selectively located in the transverse tubules and intercalated disc of the ventricular myocytes, respectively, and the alpha2beta1 is involved in the regulation of the Ca2+ contents in the SR.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16779919/mt:Muscle%252520Cells (359 words)

	APStracts 5:0405H, 1998. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Localization of the na+/h+ exchanger nhe1 to intercalated discs and transverse tubules of rat myocardium.
		NHE1 was localized predominantly at the intercalated disc regions in close proximity to the gap-junction protein connexin43 of atrial and ventricular muscle cells.
		By contrast, the Na+,K+ -ATPase [alpha]1 subunit was readily labelled by a specific mouse monoclonal antibody (McK1) along the entire ventricular sarcolemma and intercalated discs, and to a lesser extent in the transverse tubules.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1998/heart/October/405H.html (242 words)

	Estrogen receptor alpha up-regulation and redistribution in human heart failure -- Mahmoodzadeh et al. 20 (7): 926 -- ...
		colocalization was lost at the intercalated disc in DCM hearts.
		Thus, the ER /ß-catenin colocalization in the intercalated
		disc may be of functional relevance and a loss of this association
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/20/7/926 (304 words)

	David Feiglin's - Nuclear Medicine Page 1 of 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These are intercalated disks which reflect junctional complexes at the interface between adjacent cardiac myocytes.
		Ulrastructure of the heart muscle in the region of an intercalated disk.
		The junctional specializations making up the intercalated disk comprises fascia(A) adherens in the transverse portion of the disk which serves to anchor actin filaments of the terminal sarcomeres to the plasmalemma.
	web.upstate.edu /feiglind/index13.html (432 words)

	The Transitional Junction: A New Functional Subcellular Domain at the Intercalated Disc -- Bennett et al. 17 (4): 2091 ...
		(A) Diagram of the folds of the intercalated disc and its associated myofibrils.
		Perriard, J.-C., Hirschy, A., and Ehler, E. Dilated cardiomyopathy: a disease of the intercalated disc?
		Yamaguchi, M., Yamano, S., Muguruma, M., and Robson, R. Polarity and length of actin filaments at the fascia adherens of the cardiac intercalated disc.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/17/4/2091 (6027 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		We investigated dynamic events during the formation of intercalated disc-like structures of adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARC) in long-term culture.
		Membrane invaginations at the sarcolemma facing the substratum of cultured ARC may be responsible for the appearance of a striped pattern of N-cadherin and other adherens junction proteins away from intercalated disc-like structures.
		The stripes were immobile in redifferentiated cells, while the distinct small fluorescent particles in the cell body were found to move directionally at speeds around 10 mu m/min.
	www.unizh.ch /phar/cardio/abst-zuppi00.html (203 words)

	Presence of the Kv1.5 K+ Channel in the Sinoatrial Node -- Dobrzynski et al. 48 (6): 769 -- Journal of Histochemistry ...
		plasma membrane and the intercalated disc of rat atrial and
		at the intercalated disc membrane (Fig 7A and Fig 7B).
		Inspection of the disc membranes demonstrated that, although some label was associated with fasciae adherentes and non-junctional segments of the disk, the majority preferentially localized at desmosomes (d), illustrated in C and D.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/48/6/769 (5594 words)

	Irishhealth.com - Online Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		See twitch muscle, catch muscle: Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a striated but involuntary muscle responsible for the pumping activity of the vertebrate heart.
		The individual muscle cells are joined through a junctional complex known as the intercalated disc and are not fused together into multinucleate structures as they are in skeletal muscle.
		Skeletal muscle is a rather non-specific term usually applied to the striated muscle of vertebrates that is under voluntary control.
	www.irishhealth.com /dictionary.html?query=Muscle (236 words)

	APC 100 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The individual cardiac muscle cells are firmly united with each other, end to end, at specialized junctions known as INTERCALATED DISKS.
		A contraction originates in a region of specialized muscle known as the PACEMAKER and the action potential spreads rapidly from cell to cell across the intercalated disks.
		What is the significance of the different junctional complexes that comprise the intercalated disk?
	trc.ucdavis.edu /mjguinan/apc100/modules/Musculoskeletal/muscle/cardiac2/cardiac.html (62 words)

	Untitled Document
		Cardiac muscle appears striated, cylindrical and branched, with the nuclei central, with intercalated discs.
		Intercalated disc are regions where adjacent cardiocytes interlock and where gap junctions permit electrical coupling between the cells.
		Each disc is a functional unit called an electroplax.
	clem.mscd.edu /~haysc/public_html/bio322/q4objanswers.htm (2836 words)

	WebLSD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This indicator consists of a Calcium Green-1 molecule conjugated to a lipophilic 18-carbon alkyl chain which will intercalate into cell membranes.
		Sensitivity to intercalating anti-topoisomerase II agents such as amsacrine is not changed by any of the three mutations.
		Immunostaining showed DM kinase localized to neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle and intercalated discs in heart and Purkinje fibers.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /cgi-bin/lsdproj/ejlookup04.pl?lang=Japanese&dicmode=yourei&query=intercalate (66 words)

	Infotrieve Online
		Two tissue-specific isoforms are also expressed in kidney alpha intercalated cells and in cardiomyocytes.
		It has been suggested that the cardiac isoform predominantly mediates the anion exchange in cardiomyocytes, but the role of the cytoplasmic domain of the band 3 (CDB3) protein in the cardiac tissue is unknown.
		Immunoprecipitation of whole rat heart using an anti-actin antibody, immunoblotted with anti-human band 3, showed that actin binds to band 3 which was confirmed in the reverse assay.
	www4.infotrieve.com /newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=12898519&Session=&searchQuery=Anion+Exchange+Protein+1%2C+Erythrocyte&count=1584 (222 words)

	Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase of the cardiac muscle: evaluation using an immunochemical approach. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase of the cardiac muscle: evaluation using an immunochemical approach.Studies aimed to discover possible physiological targets of DMPK indicated several subcellular localization sites, such as neuromuscular junctions, myotendinous junctions, and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle and intercalated discs in the cardiac muscle.
		Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an inherited multisystem disorder characterized by the presence of a high polymorphic expansion of trinucleotide (CTG) repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene.
		DMPK was detected by immunofluorescence at the intercalated disc level by both antibodies.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9283623.html (263 words)

	Infotrieve Online
		We hypothesized that the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channel is one of the mechanisms regulating GJ permeability through the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK, leading to cardioprotection.
		METHODS AND RESULTS: In isolated rabbit hearts, tissues were sampled before and after infusion of diazoxide, a selective mitoKATP channel opener, and their intercalated disc-rich fractions were obtained for immunoblotting of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
		GJ permeability in the myocardium was assessed by using Lucifer yellow as a tracer of GJ communication.
	www4.infotrieve.com /newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=16524564&Session=&searchQuery=Ischemic+Preconditioning&count=3919 (297 words)

	Remodeling the intercalated disc leads to cardiomyopathy in mice misexpressing cadherins in the heart -- ...
		Remodeling the intercalated disc leads to cardiomyopathy in mice misexpressing cadherins in the heart -- Ferreira-Cornwell et al.
		the adherens junction, a component of the intercalated disc,
		localizes to the intercalated disc, was redistributed to the
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/115/8/1623 (691 words)

	Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase Expressed in Rat Cardiac Muscle Is Associated with Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Gap ...
		disc, where Cx43 is known to be present (Figure 3C).
		staining at intercalated discs of rat cardiac myofibers.
		Ogata T, Yamasaki Y (1990) High-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on the three-dimensional structure of the transverse-axial tubular system, sarcoplasmic reticulum and intercalated disc of the rat myocardium.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/47/3/383 (4473 words)

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