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Topic: Intercalation (chemistry)

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	Lithium intercalation compounds
		Moreover, more powerful lithium batteries are beginning to be used in power tools and may soon be seen in electric vehicles, applications that are much more draining than those for which conventional lithium batteries are used.
		These materials are composed of a solid network of lithium atoms together with other metals, such as cobalt, nickel, or manganese, meshed together with oxygen atoms.
		Using this technique, they were able to make highly uniform lithium oxide intercalation materials in which nickel, cobalt, and manganese ions are embedded at regular intervals in the solid, which also contains pores for the electrolyte.
	www.chemlin.net /news/2006/aug2006/lithium-intercalation-compound.htm (668 words)

	Intercalation (chemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intercalation is a term used in host-guest chemistry for the reversible inclusion of a molecule (or group) between two other molecules (or groups).
		Intensively studied DNA intercalators include ethidium, proflavin, daunomycin, doxorubicin, and thalidomide.
		In order for an intercalator to fit between base pairs, the latter must separate by over 0.3 nanometre, inducing local structural changes to the DNA strand, such as unwinding of the double helix and lengthening of the DNA strand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intercalation_(chemistry) (188 words)

	Encyclopedia: Intercalation (chemistry) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In supramolecular chemistry host-guest chemistry describes Complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions held together in unique structural relationships by hydrogen bonding or by ion pairing or by Van der Waals force other than those of full covalent bonds.
		In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another.
		Category: ‪Supramolecular chemistry‬ In supramolecular chemistry, an aromatic interaction (or Ï€-Ï€; interaction) is a noncovalent interaction between organic compounds containing aromatic moieties.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Intercalation-(chemistry) (668 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Intercalation chemistry of complex layered oxides; surface organometallic chemistry; pillared clays; solid acids and bases; heterogeneous catalysis; applications to environmental problems; molecular design of new ceramic and composite materials.
		A major objective of my research program is to tailor the intercalation chemistry and surface chemistry of certain classes of layered compounds as a mean of rationally designing new families of porous materials with novel properties for applications in heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption.
		The key to forming such novel materials is understanding and manipulating the guest-host intercalation chemistry occurring between the polymer and the layered compounds.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~gradoff/faculty/pinnavaia.html (531 words)

	Materials Research Lab - "Intercalation route to high Tc superconducting nano-hybrids"
		Although the intercalation of organic chain increased the interlayer distance remarkably, to tens of angstroms, the superconducting transition temperature of the intercalate is nearly the same as that of the pristine material, suggesting the two-dimensional nature of the high-Tc superconductivity.
		The intercalation of organic material into the Bi-based cuprates was achieved by the novel synthetic strategy of interlayer complexation, where the simple chemical reactions were induced in between the interlayer space.
		Furthermore, the organic intercalates of high-Tc cuprates are expected to be a precursor material for the fabrication of superconducting nano-particle or thin-film.
	www.mrl.ucsb.edu /mrl/events/seminars/show_seminar.php?key=0899161200Choy (274 words)

	J.C. Galvan, CENIM-CSIC: ABSTRACTS OF SOME PROJECTS AND PAPERS
		Intercalation materials of high stability have been obtained by insertation of oxyethylene compounds (crown-ethers and poly(ethylene oxide), into layered solids as phyllosilicates and vanadium oxide xerogels.
		Cationic or protonic conductivity, both in the layer silicate and in vanadium oxide xerogel intercalated materials, respectively, varies as a function of the nature of the guest oxyethylene compound.
		Stable intercalation materials are formed which are used to prepare organic-inorganic membranes by encapsulating these intercalation compounds with a polybutadiene thin coating.
	www.terra.es /personal7/jcgalvan/page14.htm (5956 words)

	Professor M. Stanley Whittingham
		The research interests of the materials chemistry group are in the preparation and chemical and physical properties of novel inorganic materials.
		The chemistry of materials is one of the two ares of chemistry experiencing the greatest growth at the present time both in academic institutions and industry.
		Here much emphasis is on the intercalation compounds of the transition metal oxides and sulfides, and the research involves both high and low temperature chemistry.
	www.chem.binghamton.edu /WHITTINGHAM/whit.html (581 words)

	A molecular mechanics investigation of RNA complexes. I. Ethidium intercalation in an HIV-1 TAR RNA sequence with an ...
		Ethidium intercalation in an HIV-1 TAR RNA sequence with an unpaired adenosine.
		Nucleic acid complexes with ethidium intercalated into different sites in a segment of HIV-1 TAR RNA with an unpaired A base, along with corresponding complexes with a normal RNA sequence without an unpaired base were studied by molecular mechanics energy minimization methods.
		Unique correlated backbone conformational changes on binding of ethidium to the intercalation site 3' to the bulge were found to relieve backbone strains caused by the stacking of the unpaired base into the helix.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/mar/M9330544.html (451 words)

	IPC-Vasudevan
		Insertion could, in principle, lead to materials which combine the optical and electrical properties as well as chemical reactivity of the guest with the mechanical strength, thermal stability and electronic properties of the host and so possess properties which may not be achieved by either component separately.
		This results in a significant change in their chemistry from one, which is essentially hydrophillic to one that is ‘organophillic’.
		B, 104, 11179, (2000); "Conformation of methylene chains in an intercalated bilayer", ibid, 105, 1805, (2001); "Interdigitation of an intercalated surfactant bilayer, ibid, 105, 7639, (2001); "Characterization of alkyl chain conformation in an intercalated cationic lipid bilayer", ibid, 106, 7766, (2002).
	ipc.iisc.ernet.in /sv.html (881 words)

	INORGANIC MATERIALS CHEMISTRY: POROUS STRUCTURES AND NANOCOMPOSITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Inorganic and Materials Chemistry; intercalation chemistry of complex layered oxides; mesoporous solids; pillared clays; solid acids and bases; heterogeneous catalysis; applications to environmental problems; molecular design of composite materials with nano-structured architectures.
		A major objective of my research program is to tailor the intercalation chemistry and surface chemistry of certain classes of layered compounds as a means of rationally designing porous materials with novel properties for heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption.
		As shown by the diagram at right, it is possible to assemble framework silica around the intercalated surfactant micelles when confined in the galleries.
	poohbah.cem.msu.edu /chem_main/gradoff/brochure/brochf/Pinnavaia.htm (434 words)

	Battery and Cell Chemistries. Battery primer.
		Fortunately such intimate knowledge of cell chemistry and thermodynamics is not usually required by the battery applications engineer.
		These may be: availability and cost of the raw materials, stability or safety of the chemical mix, manufacturability of the components, reversibility of the electrochemical reaction, conductivity of the components, operating temperature range and quite possibly the desire to circumvent some other manufacturer's patent.
		Added to the range of available cell chemistries are the different cell capacities and physical constructions of the cells, the battery applications engineer thus has a wide variety of options from which to choose.
	www.mpoweruk.com /chemistries.htm (2597 words)

	Overview of Research in the Solid State and Electrochemistry Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At St Andrews we are interested in the fundamental science of ionically conducting solids (which include intercalation compounds), in the synthesis of new materials with new properties or combinations of properties, in understanding these properties and in exploring their applications in new devices, especially energy storing devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries.
		We combine the skills of solid state chemistry, materials science and electrochemistry and by doing so we are able to address the exciting scientific challenges that occur inionically in the field of ionically conducting solids.
		We seek to synthesise new lithium intercalation compounds with unusual properties or combinations of properties.
	ch-www.st-and.ac.uk /staff/pgb/group/research.html (1004 words)

	Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Xiao-feng Pang, Xiang-rong Chen, Quantum vibrational energy spectra of molecular chains in crystalline acetanilide, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 62 (4) (2001) pp.
		C.P. Moca, M. Crisan, E. Macocian, C. Horea, Field-theoretical description of the crossover between BCS and BEC in a non-Fermi superconductor, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 64 (4) (2003) pp.
		Kyung, Weakening of antiferromagnetic correlations by doping in the 2D Hubbard model, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 61 (1) (2000) pp.
	elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00223697/viewer.htt?viewtype=keywords&... (630 words)

	research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I worked several years in fullerene chemistry, mainly in all-carbon derivatives synthesis and properties study (my boss was Koichi Kitazawa, a Professor with University of Tokyo and a Research Director of Japan Science and Technology Corporation).
		Previously, I have studied intercalation chemistry in Bi-based cuprates (with Prof.
		In inorganic chemistry I am still interested in coordination compounds with thermochromic properties; a reminiscence of a M.Sc.
	www.ccp14.ac.uk /ccp/web-mirrors/ndragoe/research/research.html (200 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The goal of this mixture is to intercalate the gold nanoparticles into the inorganic matrix, producing a more versatile, optically active compound.
		The purpose of this experiment is to examine the amount of intercalation of sodium ion into the structure of the acid alpha-zirconium phosphate and how that intercalation affects the size of the resultant crystal.
		She spent the next five years teaching biology and chemistry at the junior high and high school levels in Minnesota, followed by a one-year stint at the United States Armed Service Schools at Hahn Air Force Base, Germany.
	www.uis.edu /biology/symp_program2.htm (5533 words)

	Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics
		Intercalation is the insertion of atomic or molecular species into the structure of a host material.
		Intercalation can be accomplished by a variety of methods.
		. Last of all neutral intercalation species can be intercalated. Benzene is one good example. Because there is not a strong driving force for the insertion of neutral species, only a small number of these have been intercalated. Often neutral species accompany donor or acceptor species from solution reactions.
	www.bpc.edu /mathscience/faculty/jones/chapter_1_04.html (254 words)

	Materials Chemistry and Physics. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		S.N. Mustafaeva, V.A. Ramazanzade, M.M. Asadov, Influence of intercalation on electrical and photoelectrical properties of ternary chain and layer semiconductors, Materials Chemistry and Physics 40 (2) (1995) pp.
		Sienicki, Semiconductor properties of molybdenum diselenide intercalated with atoms of the III-A group elements, Materials Chemistry and Physics 68 (1-3) (2001) pp.
		S.K. Srivsatava, T.K. Mandal, Synthesis and characterization of indium intercalated compounds of tungsten sulphoselenide, Materials Chemistry and Physics 47 (2-3) (1997) pp.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/02540584/viewer.htt?viewtype=keywords&rangeselected=118 (900 words)

	Bio-Logic - Selection of scientific articles using the Bio-Logic potentiostat (s)
		Ruthenium oxide-added quartz iron phosphate as a new intercalation electrode in rechargeable lithium cells.
		Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of the intercalation of lithium and sodium ions into polyparaphenylene in carbonate-based electrolytes.
		Chemistry and electrochemistry of low-temperature manganese oxides as lithium intercalation compounds.
	www.bio-logic.info /potentiostat/refs.html (3518 words)

	Inorganic Chemistry @ Oregon State University
		A comprehensive sequence of courses in inorganic chemistry, as well as special-topics courses, are offered in the Department, and students are strongly encouraged to broaden their backgrounds in materials through course offerings in other departments.
		Chemistry plays a key role in the development of new materials, first, by providing the fundamental understanding of the relationships between molecular structure and macroscopic properties, and second, by exploring the techniques by which materials with interesting or desirable properties can be synthesized and characterized.
		Graduate chemistry students may work closely with other departments, and some students will obtain an M.S. in materials science enroute to a graduate degree in chemistry.
	www.chem.orst.edu /gradad/inorganic.htm (553 words)

	CV0798
		Led undergraduate recitations in advanced inorganic chemistry, Fall 1995.
		Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Catalysts from Intercalation Compounds of MoS
		Intercalation Compounds in HDS Catalysis," K. Dungey, M. Curtis, J. Penner-Hahn, J.
	people.uis.edu /kdung1/research/cv0798.htm (242 words)

	Battery and Cell Chemistries. Battery primer.
		Metal hydride cell chemistry depends on the ability of some metals to absorb large quantities of hydrogen.
		Thus for a given weight or volume a higher energy density cell chemistry will store more energy or alternatively for a given storage capacity a higher energy density cell will be smaller and lighter.
		This is why cells from different manufacturers with similar cell chemistries and similar construction may have a different energy content and discharge performance.
	www.axeonpower.com /chemistries.htm (2597 words)

	DRUG-DNA INTERCALATION ©
		included the charged aliphatic-amino spermine molecules close to the intercalation site, an important change in the bonding interaction of spermine and the complex was observed between daunomycin and adriamycin.
		To accommodate intercalation of the nogalamycin chromophore, the DNA helix must 'open up', by transiently melting to allow entry of the bulky bicyclic amino sugar attached to ring-D. The DNA helix then elongates, translocating the base pairs in the approximate direction of the helical axis
		On the basis of this, Adriamycin bearing the bridge on the A-ring could possess enhanced anticancer effectiveness by intercalating with DNA and causing single strand breaks by forming the benzene biradical, in situ.
	www.jonathanpmiller.com /intercalation (808 words)

	Solid State & Structural Chemistry
		The ionic nature of the metal ligand bond is reflected in the intercalation chemistry of the MPS
		The systems that we have looked at include intercalated hydrated alkali–metal cations and intercalated alkali-metal polymer-electrolytes formed by replacing the hydration shell of the intercalated alkali–metals by polyethylene-oxide or polypropylene oxide.
		componds can be ‘functionalized’ by intercalation of cationic surfactant species.This results in a significant change in their chemistry from one which is essentially hydrophillic to one that is ‘organophillic’.
	sscu.iisc.ernet.in /prg/faculty/s_vasudevan.htm (1098 words)

	Jun John Xu
		Intercalation compounds, typically transition metal oxides, chalcogenides or phosphates of certain compositions and structures, are host materials that can accommodate guest ions reversibly, without undergoing significant structural changes.
		By ridding intercalation compounds of the long-range order, we are finding that short-range-order structures are capable of reversibly intercalating dramatically larger amounts of lithium ions, and polyvalent ions as well.
		Currently we are systematically pursuing design, synthesis, electrochemical characterization, study of ion intercalation mechanism and structure-property relationship of this fascinating class of nanostructured, short-range-order intercalation materials.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~johnxu (3035 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The emerging technology, the so-called ‘Combinatorial Chemistry’, is based on the simple premise that the greater the diversity of compounds tested, the better the chance of finding one that can be developed into a drug or other industrial lead.
		Although it is theoretically not limited to any specific family of chemical species, the scope of this approach is actually limited as a result of the restrained organic reactions available for synthesis on solid supports, and by the limited quantity of available multi-reagent organic reactions.
		A main goal of the laboratory of peptidomimetics and genetic chemistry will be to discover and develop new tools for extending the scope of combinatorial chemistry, and the application of these new tools to drug discovery.
	www.biu.ac.il /RA/www/catalog/exact/chemistr.html (12067 words)

	Schedule
		Intercalation of pyridine derivatives in clays for electroanalytical applications.
		Grafted organic derivatives of kaolinite II: intercalation of primary n-alkylamines and delamination in organic medium.
		Preparation of intercalation compounds of carbon fibers through electrolysis using phosphoric acid electrolyte and their exfoliation.
	www.univ-bpclermont.fr /ISIC13/ISIC1304.html (2442 words)

	Professor Roger Frech
		We are examining insertion reactions in several families of intercalation cathode materials including lithium manganese oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide.
		We are examining the structural changes in the cathode accompanying the intercalation process, with particular attention to subtle modifications in the local structure of the host to accommodate the intercalated cation.
		We have recently discovered a new class of intercalation electrodes based on mesostructural materials, which are materials characterized by an ordered, three-dimensional framework structure with a regular channel or pore size between 2 and 15 nm.
	cheminfo.chem.ou.edu /faculty/ref.html (755 words)

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