Interfacial tension

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Topic: Interfacial tension

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	Surface Tension
		The measurement of surface and interfacial tension as performed by a tensiometer is based on force measurements of the interaction of a probe with the surface of interface of two fluids.
		With any of the techniques described herein you may perform interfacial tension measurements just like surface tension measurements by insuring that the bulk of the probe is submersed in the light phase prior to beginning the experiment.
		Surface tension is a measurement of the cohesive energy present at an interface.
	www.ksvinc.com /surface_tension1.htm (1403 words)

	Surface Tension
		The measurement of surface and interfacial tension as performed by a tensiometer is based on force measurements of the interaction of a probe with the surface of interface of two fluids.
		With any of the techniques described herein you may perform interfacial tension measurements just like surface tension measurements by insuring that the bulk of the probe is submersed in the light phase prior to beginning the experiment.
		Surface tension is a measurement of the cohesive energy present at an interface.
	www.ksvinc.com /surface_tension1.htm (1403 words)

	Surface tension, or interfacial tension (, )
		The tension acting in the surface of tension is called the surface tension or interfacial tension and is expressed in terms of force per unit length.
		The mechanical properties of an interfacial layer between two fluid phases can be expressed in terms of those of a geometrical surface of uniform tension called the surface of tension whose location is dependent on the distribution of the stress tensor within the interfacial layer.
		The mechanical properties of the interfacial layer between two fluids, including the equilibrium shape of the surface, may be calculated by applying the standard mathematical techniques of mechanics to the forces associated with the surface of tension.
	www.iupac.org /reports/2001/colloid_2001/manual_of_s_and_t/node23.html (322 words)

	Laboratory 1 - Surface Tension
		Conventionally the tension between the liquid and the atmosphere is called surface tension while the tension between one liquid and another is called interfacial tension.
		If you are making a surface tension measurement begin to lower the platform that the beaker is on and add tension to the ring to maintain the ring in position until the ring breaks free of the liquid.
		It relates lowering of surface tension to excess concentration of surfactant at the surface.
	pharmacy.wilkes.edu /kibbeweb/lab2.html (1660 words)

	Surface Tension
		When one fluid is a gas the tension is termed surface tension, when both fluids are liquids it is termed interfacial tension.
		Surface tension is a measure of the cohesive energy of a liquid.
		Surface tension is calculated from the force on the balance.
	www.ksvinc.com /surface_tension.htm (257 words)

	Surface tension, or interfacial tension (, )
		The tension acting in the surface of tension is called the surface tension or interfacial tension and is expressed in terms of force per unit length.
		The mechanical properties of an interfacial layer between two fluid phases can be expressed in terms of those of a geometrical surface of uniform tension called the surface of tension whose location is dependent on the distribution of the stress tensor within the interfacial layer.
		The mechanical properties of the interfacial layer between two fluids, including the equilibrium shape of the surface, may be calculated by applying the standard mathematical techniques of mechanics to the forces associated with the surface of tension.
	www.iupac.org /reports/2001/colloid_2001/manual_of_s_and_t/node23.html (322 words)

	Static and Dynamic Surface Tension of Surfactant Solutions and Interfacial Rheology
		A Novel Fast Experimental Technique for Measuring Dynamic Surface and Interfacial Tension of Surfactant Solutions at Constant Interfacial Area.
		Static and Dynamic Surface Tension of Surfactant Solutions and Interfacial Rheology
		Dynamic Surface Tension of Surfactant Solutions Studied by Peaktensiometry.
	www.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg /publications/static-and-dynamic.html (2053 words)

	GBX Instruments - Dynamic Surface Tension
		equals to interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface
		To measure gL, you use the pendant drop method to measure the surface tension of the liquid.
		Accuracy of surface tension : +/- 0,1 mN/m with the ADSA method
	www.gbxinstru.com /english/dynamic.asp (662 words)

	Equation-physics-tension
		Integral equation for the interfacial tension of liquid metal in contact with ionic melt Integral equation for the interfacial tension of liquid metal in contact with ionic melt The closed integral equations for the interfacial tension as a...
		Integral equation for the interfacial tension of liquid metal in contact with ionic melt Integral equation for the interfacial tension of liquid metal in contact with ionic melt The closed integral equations for the interfacial tension as...
		Based on the Schwinger-Dyson equation for a Wilson loop in SU(2) lattice gauge theory, we evaluate approximately the averages of Wilson loops of sizes I x J, from which the string tension of the theory has been extracted.
	www.ideaphysics.com /equation-physics-tension.html (662 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-07132005-091607
		Thus, the significant contributions of this study are further validation of a new measurement technique and development of a new computational model for gas-oil interfacial tension and miscibility determination, both of which will have an impact in the optimization of field miscible gas injection projects.
		As the fluid phases approached equilibrium, interfacial tension was unaffected by gas-oil ratio in the feed, indicating the compositional path independence of miscibility.
		This study has related various types of developed miscibility in gas injection field projects with gas-oil interfacial tension and identified the multitude of roles played by interfacial tension in fluid-fluid phase equilibria.
	etd.lsu.edu /docs/available/etd-07132005-091607 (381 words)

	KRÜSS Info-Request for Tensiometer, Contact Angle Meter, Surface Tension, Pendant Drop, CMC, Wettability
		We provide instruments for measuring surface tension, interfacial tension and contact angle: Tensiometer, contact angle meter, goniometer for measuring wetting, pendant drop, critical micell concentration, cmc, wettability, and many more...
		Measuring of contact angle, surface tension, interfacial tension, bubble pressure.
		Methods for solids: Sessile drop, dynamic Wilhelmy, single fiber, powder contact angle.
	www.kruss.info /infoform_e.html (381 words)

	Telluride Physical Models... Incompressible Fluid Flow
		In the CSF model for continuum surface tension formulas, interfacial surface phenomena are replaced by smoothly varying volumetric forces derived by integration of the surface tension forces over the interface surface.
		This "transition region" where the color function varies is a thin band along the interface where surface tension forces are applied in continuum surface tension models.
		Surface tension is expressed as a volumetric force F
	public.lanl.gov /mww/PHYSICS/fluid.html (381 words)

	Past Research
		However, Taylor did not study the effect of inertia on drop deformation (his experimental apparatus operated at small shear rates), assuming only that the stresses due to interfacial tension are negligibly small as compared with the viscous stresses in the limit of high shear rate.
		By this means breakup occurs for drops above critical size, with the critical drop radius being a function of interfacial tension, drop and matrix viscosities, and shear rate.
		In the high-viscosity regime, the liquid viscoelasticity is shown to give rise to a type of shape oscillation that does not depend on surface tension.
	www.duke.edu /~damir/texts/text_done.html (2583 words)

	Polymer
		Miscibility and Interfacial Behavior in Polymer-Polymer Mixtures (Toshiaki Ougizawa and Takashi Inoue) - deals with the correlation between the polymer-polymer miscibility and their interfacial properties (interfacial thickness and interfacial tension).
		Miscibility and Relaxation Processes in Blends (by John M. Cowie, Valeria Arrighi) - presents the dynamic properties of polymer blends in the region of the glass transition and discusses those models that have been developed to explain the dynamics of polymer blends.
		Thermosetting Polymer Blends: Miscibility, Crystallization, and Related Properties (by Qipeng Guo) - is dealing with some aspects related to thermosetting polymer blends based on epoxy resin (with either elastomers, thermoplastic polymers, PEO or PCL), novolac resin, and unsaturated polyester resin.
	www.library.tuiasi.ro /ipm/vol13no12/polymer.html (5366 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Hongbo, Li
		The method avoids the ¡°capillary effect¡± and the ¡°necking effect¡± and provides good axisymmetry of the pendant drop, which makes it a suitable method for measuring the interfacial tension for polymer melts under high pressure CO
		The effect of interfacial tension in CO assisted polymer processing
		in enhancing the polymer blending process was carried out based on the Capillary Number, which is the most important parameter governing the drop breakage and coalescence in the blending process and thus the morphology of the blends.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1087479703 (5366 words)

	Bubble, Drop and Particle Unit (BDPU)
		Four investigators will use the test cells to study how bubbles and drops react in liquids with varying temperatures and concentrations, how they interact with the solid/liquid interface during melting and solidification, and how convection is driven by differences in interfacial tension between adjoining liquid layers.
		Temperature gradients cause variations in the interfacial tension on the surface of the bubble or drop; on Earth, these gradients usually propel the bubble in the direction of warmer liquid.
		Bubbles and drops are encountered in the formation of alloys and in various other materials processing applications, such as solidification.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Shuttle/lms/overview/bdpu.html (2606 words)

	Past Research: Drop Breakup
		In particular, eddies are produced at the drop interface due to interfacial tension and discontinuities in viscosity, and at the walls due to the no-slip conditions.
		(based on the matrix), and the Weber number We = Re x Ca (ratio of inertial forces to the force due to interfacial tension).
		If the Reynolds number is small and the drop is highly viscous, the drop cannot readjust its shape as quickly as the flow field can cause rotation.
	www.duke.edu /~damir/texts/past/drop/r_drop.html (823 words)

	Surfactant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.
		Surfactants reduce the surface tension of water by adsorbing at the air-water interface.
		Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphipathic, meaning they contain both hydrophobic groups (their "tails") and hydrophilic groups (their "heads").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surfactant (446 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Interfacial tension and contact angle measurements were obtained for a simple, single component DNAPL (tetrachloroethene, PCE), complex laboratory DNAPLs (PCE plus Sudan IV dye), and a field DNAPL from the Savannah River Site (SRS) M-Area DNAPL (PCE, trichloroethene[TCE], and maching oils).
		Interfacial properties play a major role in governing where and how dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) move in the subsurface.
		Interfacial properties for complex DNAPLs were time-dependent, a phenomenon not observed for PCE alone.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4979 (234 words)

	Viscosity effect on capillary waves at liquid interfaces
		The damping correction for the dispersion relation depends on the wave vector k as well as the interfacial tension.
		Although the analysis has been restricted to the classical, macroscopic level, we obtain a noticeable modification from earlier hydrodynamic results for capillary wave damping and liquid-liquid interfacial roughness.
		The surface and interfacial roughnesses of a binary liquid system with large liquid depths are calculated and compared to experiments.
	stacks.iop.org /0953-8984/10/4955 (234 words)

	Information Management Institute - Summer Camp West - Surface Tension, Wetting & Capillarity
		The first goal will be to develop the understanding of surface tension and interfacial tension, which are essential properties of the materials involved in printing systems, (e.g.
		This course will present the concepts and measurement techniques that are required in order to understand how surface tension, wetting and capillarity affect printing processes.
		This course is directly relevant to anyone working in the fields of ink jet in formulation and development, substrate development - such as papers, films, coatings as well as metal, glass or other nonporous substrates - and the development of ink jet printheads.
	imi.maine.com /completed/surfacet03.html (1007 words)

	Influence of ion size asymmetry on the properties of ionic liquid-vapour interfaces
		The interfacial adsorption of the bigger component results in an increase of the electrostatic potential, and a reduction of the interfacial surface tension.
		The influence of ion size asymmetry on the properties of ionic liquid–vapour interfaces is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations of the soft primitive model.
		Our results show that ionic mixtures provide a very efficient way to tune the electrostatics and surface properties of ionic liquid–vapour interfaces.
	stacks.iop.org /0953-8984/17/S3301 (326 words)

	Surface Tension
		The measurement of surface and interfacial tension as performed by a tensiometer is based on force measurements of the interaction of a probe with the surface of interface of two fluids.
		Surface tension is a measurement of the cohesive energy present at an interface.
		High quality surface and interfacial measurements can be made with this method using a KSV CAM 200 or CAM100 instrument.
	www.ksvinc.com /surface_tension1.htm (1403 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'emulsifier'
		See: coalescence, creaming, dispersant, fatty acid, fatty-acid soap, interfacial tension, invert-emulsion oil mud, oil-mud emulsifier, surface tension, surfactant, water-mud emulsifier
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=emulsifier (33 words)

	Surfactant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.
		Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphipathic, meaning they contain both hydrophobic groups (their "tails") and hydrophilic groups (their "heads").
		Thermodynamics of the surfactant systems are of great importance, theoretical and practical, because surfactant systems represent a systems between ordered and disordered state of matter-surfactant solutions may contain ordered phase (micelles) and disordered phase (free surfactant mollecules and/or ions in the solution).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surfactant (446 words)

	publications
		VELARDE, A. NEPOMNYASHCHY and M. Onset of oscillatory interfacial instability and wave motions in Benard layers, Adv.
		REDNIKOV and H. Waves generated by surface tension gradients and instability, Fluid Dynamics at Interfaces, W. Shyy and R. Narayanan (editors), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 43-56, 1999.
		VELARDE and A. Interfacial patterns and waves, Physics of Fluids in Microgravity, R. Monti (editor), Taylor and Francis, London, 126-148, 2001.
	fluidos.pluri.ucm.es /publications.html (446 words)

	KRÜSS Tensiometer K11
		The Tensiometer K11 - ideal for measurement for surface tension and interfacial tension - combines easy handling with flexible application.
		The measuring data are shown on an easily readable tensiometer display and can either be printed or transferred to a PC.
		The large well-illuminated sample chamber can be opened wide and facilitates the exchange of sample liquid and measuring devices.
	www.kruss.fr /instruments/k11_e.html (182 words)

	DataPhysics - Surface Chemistry Glossary - contact angle meter, tensiometer, surface chemistry, surface tension, pendant drop, powder wetting
		tensiometer: measuring device to determine the surface tension and the interfacial tension e.g.
		Here you will find a glossary of terms in surface chemistry, which is also intended to give a brief introduction into the most common and important topics in this science.
		by the Wilhelmy method or the Du Noüy ring method, modern electronic tensiometers also perform measurements according to the Washburn method and more complex tasks
	www.dataphysics.de /english/service_gloss.htm (3711 words)

	KRÜSS Processor Tensiometer K100
		Tensiometer for measurement of contact angle, surface tension, interfacial tension, dynamic adsorption, CMC - Critical Micelle Concentration - determination of density, sedimentation and surface energy.
		Whether it's for quality control or sophisticated measuring in research and development, the K100 combines the state of the art technology with a high degree of automation.
		Due to its high measuring precision and maximum flexibility in software control, the K100 is the universal instrument among tensiometers.
	www.kruss.fr /instruments/instruments_print/k100_e_print.html (284 words)

	FDSC contact angle, surface tension and interfacial tension
		Economical Two-in-one Semi-Auto Ring/Plate Tensiometer and Density Meter
		DCAT21-NM MPT2, Scientific Bubble Pressure Tensiometer, Bubble life range: 0.0001-100 sec
		Multiple dosing with direct dosing syringe, SD-DE PCA-Flat Panel Display Testing
	www.fdsc.com /gallery.htm (56 words)

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