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Topic: Interferon

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	Interferon
		Interferons are made by cells in response to an appropriate stimulus, and are then released into the surrounding medium; they then bind to receptors on target cells and induce transcription of approximately 20-30 genes in the target cells, and this results in an anti-viral state in the target cells.
		Interferon-a (a family of about 20 related proteins) and interferon-b are particularly potent as antiviral agents.
		One currently approved use for various types of interferon-a is in the treatment of certain cases of acute and chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B. Interferon-gamma has been used to treat a variety of disease in which macrophage activation might play an important role in recovery, eg.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mhunt/interferon.htm (790 words)

	Interferon
		Several reports have indicated that the presence of interferon neutralizing antibodies was associated with treatment failure (e.g., multiple sclerosis and interferon beta, hepatitis C and interferon alpha,...) and that the administration of a different interferon, typically a natural interferon alpha, could overcome treatment resistance (this has been shown in the case of hepatitis C).
		Interferon (2 X 10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area) was given daily for one week, then three times per week for one year; treatment was followed by a year of observation, without the drug.
		Immunoglobulin G antibodies that specifically bound lymphoblastoid interferon were detected in 66% (35 of 53) of patients; neutralizing antibody was detected in 11 of the 35 patients having binding antibody (and in none of the patients who were negative for binding antibody).
	www.rrpf.org /rrpf/therapies/Interferon.htm (5137 words)

	Antifibrotic Effect of Interferon Alfa in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
		Data demonstrating the antifibrogenic effects of interferon alfa in experimental models of liver injury have been confirmed by clinical trials in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, it is possible that interferon may change the natural history of hepatitis C independent of its antiviral effect.
		Interferon alfa, which is used in this setting, inhibits the proliferation of cultured human hepatic stellate cells and inhibits collagen secretion.[46] This antifibrogenic effect of interferon was first clinically observed in dermatology patients (interferon is commonly used to treat keloids)[47] and later in the hepatology setting.
		However, it is possible that interferon may improve the natural history of hepatitis C independent of its antiviral activity by, for example, decreasing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
	www.hepcassoc.org /news/article4.html (1775 words)

	Interferon
		Interferon, a protein produced by the body to fight viral infections, first came to the public's attention because of its ability to slow cell growth, which made it a potential anticellular-anticancer agent.
		Recently, the interferons have also been shown to have significant effects on neurons and on the regions of the brain that are important for learning and memory.
		However, because of the presence of extra chromosome 21-coded interferon receptors on the surface of their cells, the Down syndrome patient is supersensitive to interferon and responds to normal levels of interferon as though there were greatly increased interferon levels present.
	www.he.net /~altonweb/cs/downsyndrome/interferon.html (2101 words)

	Interferon alpha (IntronA®, Roferon-A®) : Cancerbackup
		Interferon is a protein that occurs naturally in the body in very small amounts.
		Interferon alpha is a white powder that forms a clear, straw-coloured liquid when mixed with water.
		Interferon is given to stimulate the body’s own immune system to fight some types of cancer.
	www.cancerbackup.org.uk /Treatments/Biologicaltherapies/Interferon (997 words)

	Interferon Treatment for Melanoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interferon is the only agent at this time that has shown the ability to decrease the risk of melanoma recurrence.
		The approval of Interferon was based on a study that showed a 10 to 15% decrease in melanoma recurrence in patients with one or more positive lymph nodes at the time of surgery.
		Interferon is given as an injection under the skin three times a week at bedtime - usually Monday, Wednesday and Friday nights.
	www.cancer.med.umich.edu /learn/onmelint.htm (976 words)

	interferon
		Interferon is the only agent of proven efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis C. Standard treatment is interferon alfa-2b at a dose of three million units three times a week.
		It is apparent that the usual effect of interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C who respond to this therapy is one of viral suppression, not eradication or cure.
		Interferon is suppressive to the hepatitis C virus.
	www.hepatitiscfree.com /interferon.html (897 words)

	Interferons
		Interferon is one of the older chemotherapy drugs, having been in use for many years.
		Interferons, when prepared for use, become a clear, colorless liquid which is given by intra-muscular injection beneath the skin.
		Interferon is normally given three times a week over a protracted period of time, depending upon the underlying condition.
	www.tirgan.com /interfer.htm (152 words)

	[No title]
		Interferon alfa-2 is used in the treatment of certain viral infections, including chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D infections; acute hepatitis C infection; and infections caused by human papillomavirus.
		Interferons alfa-2a and alfa-2b should be stored between 2 C and 8 C (36 F to 46 F) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer; protect from freezing.
		Interferon alfa-2b for intravenous administration should be prepared by mixing with 0.9% sodium chloride immediately prior to use.
	www.aidsinfo.nih.gov /drugs/htmldrug_tech.asp?int_id=0034 (2823 words)

	interferon - drug class, medical uses, medication side effects, and drug interactions by MedicineNet.com
		Interferon alfa-2b is approved for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, condylomata acuminata, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic hepatitis C, and chronic hepatitis B.
		Ribavirin combined with interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfacon-1 (Infergen), pegylated interferon alfa-2b, or pegylated interferon alpha-2a, all are approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron) and interferon beta-1a (Avonex) are approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
		Depression and suicide have been reported among patients receiving interferons; however, it is unclear whether depression and suicidal thoughts are caused by the diseases being treated or the interferons themselves.
	www.medicinenet.com /interferon/article.htm (1054 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Interferons, Alpha (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, in monkeys given 20 to 500 times the human dose of recombinant interferon alfa-2a or given 90 to 180 times the usual dose of recombinant interferon alfa-2b, there was an increase in death of the fetuses.
		Bleeding problems—May be worsened by recombinant interferon alfa-2b
		Antineoplastic --Interferon Alfa-2a, Recombinant; Interferon Alfa-2b, Recombinant; Interferon Alfa-n1 (lns); Interferon Alfa-n3
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202299.html (1786 words)

	Interferon Treatment of Viral Hepatitis
		Various type I interferons administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Interferon alfa is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that is secreted by cells in response to viral infections.
		Interferon alfa-2b is effective in the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and evidence of viral replication.
		The recommended dose of interferon alfa-2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is 5,000,000 units daily, administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, for a total of 16 weeks.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/gi/intron.html (956 words)

	Interferon for genital warts (human papillomavirus)
		Interferon can be applied in a cream or ointment or can be given by injection just under the skin at the base of the wart.
		Interferon cream or ointment has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for topical treatment, so this would be an unlabeled use of the medication.
		Interferon injected into a vein (systemic) has many side effects, and current studies have not determined that this method is an effective treatment for genital warts.
	www.webmd.com /hw/std/hw104291.asp (432 words)

	What is Interferon?
		The protein interferon, produced by animal cells when they are invaded by viruses, is released into the bloodstream or intercellular fluid to induce healthy cells to manufacture an enzyme that counters the infection.
		Interferon is a copy of a protein found naturally in low levels in the human body.
		Interferon (IFN)-alpha is the most frequently used cytokine in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.hepatitis-c.de /whatinf.htm (868 words)

	HON: Hepatitis B V4.1 - Interferon
		Interferon's occur naturally in the body and are part of the bodies natural defence system against infection.
		Also the effects of interferon therapy may be delayed and loss of the "e" antigen may occur several months after completing therapy.
		Interferon should be given with caution to anybody with a history of depression.
	www.hon.ch /Library/Theme/HepB/inf.html (1848 words)

	gihealth.com - built for patient satisfaction
		Interferon is a natural substance produced by your body in response to a viral infection.
		Interferon may affect the bone marrow where red and white blood cells are produced.
		Patients who are candidates for Interferon with chronic active hepatitis due to hepatitis B should strongly consider a course of therapy.
	www.gihealth.com /html/education/interferon.html (1361 words)

	HepNet: Interferon Frequently Asked Questions
		Alpha interferon is used in the treatment of Acute Hepatitis C to try to remove the virus totally from the body and thus prevent the virus from doing any damage to the liver.
		Alpha interferon is used in the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C to try to arrest or stop the hepatitis C virus from damaging the liver anymore.
		Alpha interferon is used in the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B to try to arrest or stop the hepatitis B virus from damaging the liver anymore.
	www.hepnet.com /ifnqa.html (989 words)

	Interferon definition - Digestion and digestive-related information on MedicineNet.com
		Using interferon, for example, to eradicate the hepatitis B or C virus will, it is hoped, prevent the future development of cirrhosis and cancer of the liver.
		In therapeutic doses, interferon can be hard to tolerate because of the side-effects, with flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headache and aches and, less regularly, low thyroid activity, arthritis, low platelet count and depression which can attain suicidal proportions.
		Interferon was discovered in 1957 by the Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann (who did not receive the Nobel Prize for their discovery).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3992 (424 words)

	Interferon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interferons are proteins made by the human immune system for fighting viral infections and regulating cell function.
		One preliminary trial found that adding 600 mg NAC three times per day to interferon therapy for people with chronic hepatitis C led to improvement in their conditions not seen with interferon alone.
		Fujisawa K. Interferon therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced chronic hepatitis: Clinical significance of pretreatment with glycyrhizine.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Drug/Interferon.htm (827 words)

	HepNet: Results of the Pegylated Interferon Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When interferon, a biologically active antiviral agent, is pegylated, its half-life is increased and the rate of drug clearance is decreased, resulting in prolonged concentrations of interferon.
		The interferon a-2b trial also demonstrated that the safety and tolerability of pegylated interferon is qualitatively similar to that of standard interferon.
		Pegylated interferon alfa-2b (PEG-INTRON) monotherapy is superior to interferon alfa-2b (INTRON A) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C [abstract GS2/07].
	www.hepnet.com /hepc/ddw00/lindsay.html (674 words)

	The Body: Interferon and Beyond: Treating HEP C
		Interferon (IFN), whether it is used alone or in combination with ribavirin (see below), is the gold standard treatment for HEP C. There are actually two types of IFN (interferon) therapies used to treat HEP C: interferon-alpha (IFNa) and consensus interferon (Infergen).
		This allows the drug to remain in the body for longer periods of time, thereby increasing the activity of interferon on HEP C. This is great news for interferon users, as it decreases the frequency of drug injections, from three-times weekly to one-time weekly.
		While interferon therapy is by no means a panacea, there is much to be said for the newest ways in which the drug can be used to achieve HEP C eradication.
	www.thebody.com /cria/fall99/treating.html (3467 words)

	Interferon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This chronic and indolent clonal proliferation of a subset of lymphocytes that leads to bone marrow spleen infiltration with the "malignant" cells is remarkably sensitive to growth inhibition by interferon.
		The good thing about interferon effect on hematopoiesis is that one seldom sees a significant rebound when the dose is lowered or the drug is stopped, so that the patient can have a window of response without taking interferon and not worry about backsliding.
		The initial symptoms of interferon administration mimic the flu, since this is the substance that your body produces when you have a viral infection.
	www.acor.org /diseases/hematology/MPD/interferon.html (1109 words)

	Interferon and Down Syndrome
		Interferon is a protein in the class of proteins called "cytokines." It's produced in various types of cells, and it's action in the body depends on which type of cell is making it.
		If you eliminate the studies just focusing on immunology and not interferon specifically, the remainder are involved with either mapping the receptor gene to the specific spot on the 21st chromosome, and confirming in different ways the increased sensitivity of DS cells to interferon.
		The interferons (alpha, beta, and gamma) have potent growth retarding activity, and sensitivity to these cytokines is controlled by genes that map to mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 21.
	www.ds-health.com /ifn.htm (1871 words)

	Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug Program, INTERFERON BETA-1b (Betaseron®), INTERFERON BETA -1a (Avonex®)
		Interferons are proteins that demonstrate complex antiviral, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects.
		Synthetic interferon beta-1b (Betaseron®) is produced by recombinant technology from cultures of genetically modified Escherichia coli and is approved for use in the management of exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis.
		Interferon beta -1a (Avonex®) is produced by recombinant DNA technology in mammalian cells by introducing the human interferon beta gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells.
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/interfer.html (646 words)

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