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Topic: Intergovernmentalism

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	[No title]
		In the policy study under scrutiny, the causal mechanism postulated by liberal intergovernmentalism is the following: the convergence or congruence of domestic preferences of the member states on the regulation and supervision of financial services made it possible to reach an agreement at the EU level.
		Another indicator of the intergovernmental logic was the proposal by Eichel and Brown to create an (intergovernmental) European Stability Forum, which was opposed by the ECB on the grounds that the Frankfurt-based Banking Supervisory Committee was the appropriate forum to discuss the financial stability of the system (Financial Times 15/4/02).
		Intergovernmental dynamics largely account for the decision-making stage, in which the national governments, especially the finance ministers of the two largest member states, were in the driving seat and had a major bearing on the outcome.
	aei.pitt.edu /3000/01/EUSALQ.txt (6732 words)

	CHAPTER 3. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION
		With intergovernmentalism, there is no sharing of sovereignty and each member state effectively retains a veto on the application of regional agreements.
		A weakness of intergovernmental bodies is the lack of enforcement mechanisms to ensure that states abide by the common rules.
		Another weakness of intergovernmentalism is that progress is determined by the pace of the slowest member.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y4793E/y4793e07.htm (2825 words)

	Free-ResearchPapers.com - Intergovernmentalism As A Mode Of Union Governance
		Intergovernmentalism, from this perspective, is, among the three different levels of EU governance, the one that illustrates best the nice German phrase of the Member States as Herren der Verträge (Masters of the Treaties).
		Intergovernmental cooperation is needed when, inter alia, the following is to be achieved: defining the guidelines for integration; goal identification; policy initiation, orientation and co-ordination; scope enlargement; problem-solving.
		While liberal intergovernmentalism has the considerable virtue of breaking up the notion of the monolithic state (which is the reason why this study speaks of intergovernmentalism rather than internationalism), it stops short of breaking up the notion of a monolithic government.
	www.free-researchpapers.com /dbs/b5/pwr237.shtml (3885 words)

	European Union
		The legal system imposed by the EU is correctly called EC Law not EU law for this reason.
		Intergovernmentalism has historically been favoured by France, and by more Eurosceptic nations such as Britain and Denmark; while more integrationist nations such as Belgium, Germany, and Italy have tended to prefer the supranational approach.
		These changes could in turn be adopted by an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC).
	www.black-science.org /wikipedia/e/eu/european_union.html (2206 words)

	Constitutional Development of the European Union so far (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A clear explanation of "intergovernmentalism" and "federalism" is of the essence if we are to understand the context in which the debate on the Future of Europe is to take place.
		Intergovernmentalism objects to the loss of national sovereign powers to authorities that lie at a higher level than the national level.
		Intergovernmentalism within the Community structure has grown in importance since the introduction of the Luxembourg Compromise of 1965 which blocked the move to majority voting in the Council of Ministers stipulated in the Treaty of Rome.
	www.mic.org.mt /aboutmic/latest/future_simon_busuttil.htm (4467 words)

	The two faces of the United Nations: The tension between intergovernmentalism and transnationalism. - Journal, ...
		As an intergovernmental institution, the UN reflects the overlapping interests of its member states, particularly those on the Security Council.
		Intergovernmentalism is certainly the dominant force in world politics, but transnational actors have also achieved increased visibility and influence within the global organization.
		And like all intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), the UN is designed to equip the multistate system with an administrative mechanism that can do things for the states that they cannot do well by themselves.
	goliath.ecnext.com /coms2/summary_0199-1531402_ITM (1240 words)

	European Union - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Intergovernmentalism is a method of decision-making in international organisations wherepower is possessed by the member-states and decisions are made by unanimity.
		Intergovernmentalism has historically beenfavoured by France, and by more Eurosceptic nations such as Britain, Denmark and Estonia; while more integrationist nations such as Belgium,Germany, and Italy have tended to prefer thesupranational approach.
		These changes were discussed at an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) in May 2004 and agreement reached on a Constitutional Treaty, which will requireratification by each of the member states.
	www.aaez.biz /default.asp?t=European_Union (3627 words)

	Supranationalism and Intergovernmentalism
		Intergovernmentalism calls for a looser confederation of states.
		Each decision-making group of the European Union has undergone change during the evolution of the EU and the evolution from a loose economic confederation to a semi-federal supranational union.
		Originally created as the decision-making group of the European Coal and Steel Community, the decision-making process required a unanimous vote in order for policies to be approved and for changes in the union to be made.
	home.woh.rr.com /willcrawford/works/osu/supranationalism.htm (1143 words)

	Module 3: Integration and Cooperation in Europe
		The essential characteristic of intergovernmentalism is that it is voluntary, meaning that states retain a large measure of control through their veto power.
		National states come together to cooperate in matters of common interest, but the existence of veto power allows them to determine the extent and nature of cooperation, thus ensuring that national sovereignty is not undermined.
		In contrast to intergovernmentalism, supranationalism entails creating separate institutions to which nation-states cede ultimate authority in taking certain policy decisions.
	www.unc.edu /depts/tam/poli115/module4/mod4text2.htm (307 words)

	The EU's Future: The Federalism/Intergovernmentalism Debate
		Similarly intergovernmental are British Foreign Secretary Straw's proposals for a 'Super Council' of ministers, an 'EU Supremo' chosen by national governments, and a second Parliamentary Chamber to police subsidiarity.
		Intergovernmentalism would become ineffective were Europe to integrate much further.
		Defending intergovernmentalism, Tony Blair says that democratic legitimacy comes from member states[13], a view echoed by the French and very influential.
	www.bigissueground.com /politics/ash-eufuture.shtml (2215 words)

	Intergovernmentalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The recent changes – the shift from intergovernmentalism to supranationalism, as well as the shift from liberalizing and removing of protectionist barriers...
		It is important to emphasise that the EDA’s intergovernmentalism also has its shortcomings, notably diverging national interests, which call for stronger...
		The consequences of such a system, of the shift from intergovernmentalism to supranationalism, as well as of the shift from liberalizing and removing of...
	www.33beat.com /Intergovernmentalism.html (234 words)

	POLI 327
		Although I feel that they realized that more inter-cooperation would be needed in order to live peacefully and work together, they ulitmately supported the idea that the nation-state was supreme over any form of one higher authority.
		Thus, I feel that intergovernmentalism is a better doctrine because it is very unrealistic to believe that these nations would give up control of domestic policy and trade.
		Intergovernmentalism seems more appropriate because it says that nation states are still central.
	faculty.arts.ubc.ca /tiberg/ClassVote.htm (2764 words)

	European Union - Gurupedia
		Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters, are looser intergovernmental groupings.
		The Community is an actual body, including the European institutions (European Parliament, Council of the European Union, European Commission), whilst the European Union is a less tangible grouping of institutions and agreements.
		Intergovernmentalism is a method of decision-making in international organisations where
	www.gurupedia.com /e/eu/european_union.htm (2570 words)

	Intergovernmentalism (intergovernmentalism info) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He also rejects the idea that supranational organisations are on an equal level (in terms of political influence) as national governments.
		An alternative method of decision-making in international organizations is intergovernmentalism.
		Few international organisations today operate on the basis of supranationalism; the main exceptions are the European Union and the South American Community of Nations, often called supranational unions, as they incorporate both intergovernmental and supranational elements.
	wikimiki.info /en/Intergovernmentalism (2370 words)

	Random Comments: What are the main features of intergovernmentalism and liberal intergovernmentalism as theories of ...
		Intergovernmentalism was put forward by Hoffman (1964, 1966) as a response to the neofuncationalist approach to European integration.
		Liberal intergovernmentalism just as intergovernmentalism was developed as a critique of neofunctionalism.
		The theory of intergovernmentalism was initially proposed by Stanley Hoffmann suggests that national governments control the level and speed of European integration.
	inthewallsoferyx.blogspot.com /2006/09/what-are-main-features-of_115784430358621040.html (1073 words)

	Pol 7: hand-out lecture I.3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The original variant of intergovernmentalism applied ideas from ‘(neo-)realist’ theories in International Relations, in particular: states as only relevant actors, an anarchic international system.
		Liberal intergovernmentalism provides good accounts of Treaty negotiations, and it may provide an explanation for developments since 1985.
		Moravscik (1998), Intro and Ch1, justifies the need for theorizing on the EU, as well as a detailed account of liberal intergovernmentalism, placed in the context of earlier approaches.
	www.chu.cam.ac.uk /~pjv24/pol7-handout-I3.htm (812 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An approach that focuses only on the intergovernmental bargaining process among the member state governments would not even capture the changes in state aid policy, where significant change take place through day-to-day politics of the institutions with no formal intergovernmental bargaining.
		State-centered approaches, such as intergovernmentalism or liberal intergovernmentalism, explain European integration as the outcome of interstate bargains and thus driven by the interests of the member states.
		State-to-state bargaining, the process that defines integration according to intergovernmentalists, is only one dimension of the EU. Many developments in EU policies take place outside of the intergovernmental process and are increasingly shaped by interpretation and enforcement of the rules by the European Commission and the Court.
	web.uvic.ca /ecsac/toronto/papers/on/line/pdf/6D-uaydin.doc (5574 words)

	Globalization
		Much of this cooperation has taken place via the establishment of intergovernmental organizations, such as NATO, the UN, the WTO, and the IMF, to name but a few.
		When states engage in interactions that lead to a loss of sovereignty, they have gone beyond cooperation, or intergovernmentalism, and are participating in supranationalism.
		This higher level of cooperation requires states to shift power and decision making to a supra-authority whose charge is to make decisions based on the welfare of the group as a whole.
	web.uncg.edu /dcl/courses/global/unit8/part1.asp (524 words)

	Amazon.com: "liberal intergovernmentalism": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If liberal intergovernmentalism (LI) explains how high-level bargaining yields history-making decisions, then neofunctionalism remains a surprisingly plausible theory of how the context for...
		National State LI Liberal Intergovernmentalism MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MEP Member of the European Parliament MOU Memorandum of...
		Although the contributions of Grieco and Moravcsik have received a certain prominence in the literature on Europe,...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/liberal-intergovernmentalism (496 words)

	Federalism and Intergovernmentalism - Political Science Department - Rowan University
		To outline how exigencies, politics, and judicial decisions have evolved a state-dominated early federalism into the modern nationalized system referred as intergovernmentalism.
		To explain how grants-in-aid, conditions of aid, and mandates are used to impose national policies upon state and local government.
		C. (-) and (+) "Intergovernmental lobby" demands higher national $
	www.rowan.edu /mars/depts/polisci/feder-sm.htm (162 words)

	European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The European Union or EU is an intergovernmental and supranational organisation of European countries, which currently has 25 member states.
		Intergovernmentalism is being favoured by more Eurosceptic nations such as the United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden; while more integrationist nations such as the Benelux countries, France, Germany, and Italy have tended to prefer the supranational approach.
		(See also Intergovernmentalism vs. Supranationalism (above), Euroscepticism.) All prospective members must enact legislation in order to bring them into line with the common European Legal framework, known as the Acquis Communautaire.
	european-union.iqnaut.net (4152 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Subject: intergovernmentalism
		(2004) Formal and Informal Ratification in the Intergovernmental Policies of the European Union.
		Puetter, Uwe (2002) The Eurogroup as a space for intergovernmental deliberation.
		This list was generated on Fri Dec 29 00:22:02 EST 2006.
	aei.pitt.edu /view/subjects/A032.html (519 words)

	The IR Theory Knowledge Base
		In its most basic form, intergovernmentalism explains interstate cooperation and especially regional integration (e.g.
		Moreover, as would be expected, those states with more ‘power’ likely will have more of their interests fulfilled.
		For example, with regard to the EU, it is not surprising, according to proponents of this theory, that many of the agreed-upon institutional arrangements are in line with the preferences of France and Germany, the so-called ‘Franco-German core.’ Andrew Moravcsik is probably the most well-known proponent of intergovernmentalism right now.
	www.irtheory.com /know.htm (7473 words)

	THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
		The first section of the course will provide a background and introduction to the EU and the role of theory in political analysis.
		The fourth section examines how the recent ‘sociological turn' in Comparative Politics and International Relations has led to the application of new institutionalist and constructivist approaches in EU studies.
		Schimmelfennig, Frank (2004): Liberal Intergovernmentalism, in Antje Wiener and Thomas Diez (eds) European Integration Theory (Oxford University Press), 75-94.
	www.ceu.hu /ires/courses0506/theoreticalapproaches.htm (2739 words)

	IS 330 - Spring 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		intergovernmentalism” (with an important modification referred to as “
		D) Why has the EC/EU evolved in the way that it has, according to this theory (i.e.
		2) How does liberal intergovernmentalism modify the main intergovernmentalist assumptions?
	www.bradley.edu /academics/las/is/theory-330.htm (213 words)

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