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Topic: Interim Control Module

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Russian Research Module

Unity Module

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ISS Zvezda

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Multipurpose Laboratory Module

Japanese Experiment Module

Automated Transfer Vehicle

International Space Station

Node 3

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ISS assembly sequence

	Interim Control Module - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Interim Control Module (ICM) was a NASA constructed module to serve as a temporary "tug" for the International Space Station in case the ISS Zvezda service module was destroyed or not launched for an extended period of time.
		ICM was to launch on board the Space Shuttle, deploy from the Shuttle's cargo bay, and mate with the ISS at the Russian Control Module (called Zarya).
		ICM is currently in a caretaker status at NRL's Payload Processing Facility in Washington, D.C., and is being preserved in readiness in case it is needed for future ISS missions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interim_Control_Module (328 words)

	Two U.S. Space Tugs Form Backbone of NASA Backup Plan for International Space Station and Zvezda Module
		Both the ICM and Propulsion Module are designed to steer the station on a safe course and provide the necessary reboosts to keep it firmly in orbit above Earth.
		The $210 million ICM was built by the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. It employs the same sort of spacecraft frame structure used for Navy surveillance satellites.
		As it stands, the Propulsion Module now is set to be launched in the summer or fall of 2004 with an expected performance life of 10 years.
	www.space.com /news/spacestation/zvezda_tug_000708.html (875 words)

	ICM
		If the module is seriously delayed or is lost during liftoff there will be a huge delay in the construction of the station and worst case scenario, the station may be lost if they can't get a mission to the station in time to raise the orbit.
		The module has several 2,2 Kg (5 pound) thrusters reaching out from the ICM body along with a main thruster cappable of producing a force of 50 Kg (110 pounds).
		In addition to building several modules for the ISS, the Russians are supposed to supply the station with 7 Progress and 2 Soyuz flights a year.
	home.c2i.net /jonass/engelsk/iss-backup.htm (558 words)

	Russian Module Brings ISS to Critical Juncture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Originally scheduled for early 1998, the Energia Service Module is the first full Russian-funded element of the ISS and the third station element to be launched.
		Module launch and docking would also clear the way for launch of the first ISS crew, U.S. astronaut Navy Capt. Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev.
		But if the Proton launch fails and the Service Module is lost, the ISS assembly flow will be seriously disrupted, forcing the emergency launch next spring of the Naval Research Laboratory Interim Control Module.
	www.aeronautics.ru /nws002/awst056.htm (2169 words)

	ISS Propulsion Module - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Propulsion Module would have been needed for ISS altitude maintenance and reboost, debris avoidance maneuvers, attitude control and propellant supply in the event the Zvezda Service Module was not available (launch failure, etc) to the International Space Station.
		Zarya FGB holds 5500 kg and the Zvezda Service module holds 860 kg, however, it is generally preferred to keep the main thrusters on Zarya and Zvezda in reserve, as they have finite lifespans.
		The Propulsion module, besides being part of the backup plan for if the Service Module was not available, was intended to be an American-owned propulsion system for the station and planned as a late addition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ISS_Propulsion_Module (396 words)

	Chronology of the ISS development
		The inclusion of the Mir-2 core module into the Freedom design would allow early presence of the crew onboard, while the use of Progress cargo ships would provide much cheaper and reliable refueling and supply capabilities for the station, comparing to the use of the Space Shuttle.
		The launch of the first element, Zarya control module, was now officially scheduled for November 1997, the assembly was planned to be completed by June 2002.
		The European Columbus module was now scheduled for launch during the 7th Shuttle mission after its return to flight, while the elements of the Japanese segment would reach orbit during the eighth, ninth and 12th missions.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_chronology.html (1460 words)

	Frontier Status Report #201
		Interim Control Module: Following Russia's renewed commitment to the Mir space Station, the United States is actively developing the Interim Control Module.
		If the Russian's fail to put the Service Module in orbit by August of 2000, the ICM will be launched in early 2001* to assure the survival and growth of the station.
		If the Service module is deployed successfully this summer, then the ICM will be launched in 2001 and connected to the American side of the station to provide redundant control and propulsion resources.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/2000/fs-20000505.html (3517 words)

	NASA has Contingency Plan for Russian Module
		The service module will control the orientation of the station as well as creating a temporary living space during the beginning of the station's mission.
		The module will also provide "reboost," in the form of 12,000 pounds of propulsion, which will keep the two station modules already in space in their 400 km orbit.
		The Russians are scheduled to launch the module Nov. 12.
	www.space.com /news/spacestation/iss_contingency.html (389 words)

	Zvezda service module (SM)
		The service module would have a wingspan of 97.5 feet from tip to tip of the solar arrays, and it would be 43 feet long from end to end.
		The agreement between Russia and the United States on the construction of the "unified" space station called for the core module originally intended for the Mir-2 space station to be used as the service module in the cooperative project.
		The Zvezda module is processed in Area 254 of Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and its long-delayed launch onboard Proton rocket is currently scheduled for July 12.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_sm.html (5966 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Zvezda Launch Report \| Stakes sky high for this week's Zvezda launch
		But if the module is lost in a launch mishap or because of a catastrophic problem in orbit, completion of the space station would be delayed by at least three years, according to internal NASA planning documents.
		NASA's $100 million interim control module, an unmanned propulsion system being built by the Naval Research Laboratory, would be launched next spring, according to the agency's contingency plan, probably in the April 2001 timeframe.
		Once the ICM is in place, NASA likely would continue station assembly through the next five shuttle missions while accelerating development of life support systems and a more capable propulsion module to replace the ICM.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /station/zvezda/000710contingency/index.html (1038 words)

	International Space Station Observing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This 21 ton module was first constructed in 1985 and is based on the Mir-2 core module with upgraded avionics and additional capabilities.
		The Interim Control Module (ICM) would have been a modified 210 million dollar version of the previously classified 12.5 ton bus that was originally designed for a shuttle launch.
		Plans had the ICM delivered by the shuttle and docked to the Zarya module in 2001 as a backup propulsion module.
	www.satobs.org /iss.html (1218 words)

	SED - Projects - ICM
		ICM was to launch on board the Space Shuttle, deploy from the Shuttle's cargo bay, and mate with the ISS at the
		ICM is based on a satellite dispenser designed and built by NRL.
		Although significant modifications were required, ICM met all requirements for its ISS mission.
	code8200.nrl.navy.mil /icm.html (193 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The ICM was originally built by the Naval Research Lab (NRL) in Washington D.C., and was to be used as an inertial upper stage rocket for launching military satellites, out of the space shuttle payload bay, to a higher orbit.
		Attitude control is being able to point the ISS in a certain direction, and hold it in that position.
		To be able to accomplish these tasks, the ICM had to have its own guidance, control, and computer systems on board.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/team/journals/dershowitz/index.html (906 words)

	General Accounting Office
		For example: The module was not certified to operate in a depressurized environment, and its capability to function in that environment cannot be assured.
		In the interim, NASA believes the risk of flight control loss will be mitigated when U. guidance, navigation, and control software is installed on a later assembly flight.
		According to NASA officials, these Service Module issues are largely the result of (1) differing manufacturing philosophies, (2) the fact that the Russian hardware is based on designs applied to the Mir station, and (3) the Russian position that its lengthy Mir experience demonstrates the robustness of its design characteristics.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/gao/nsiad-99-175.htm (6185 words)

	ICM
		The ICM (Interim Control Module) was a modified NOSS-2 TLD module, which would have provided propulsion capabilites to the International Space Station for the case, that the russian built Service Module (SM) would not have been ready in time or failed to reach orbit.
		After the successful docking of SM with the ISS, the ICM was put in storage.
		It is under consideration, to modify the ICM spacecraft to perform a robotic service mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/icm.htm (79 words)

	Hold for Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We expect the U.S. Laboratory module and the remaining flight hardware for the first six flights to be delivered to their respective launch sites by the end of 1998.
		Development of the Interim Control Module is an example of a prudent additional expenditure, to guard against costly schedule delays evoked by Russian Service Module issues, or, equally importantly, as additional propellant storage/reboost capability later in the assembly sequence following deployment of the Service Module.
		It continues to be NASA’s preference to configure the ICM as a propellant storage/reboost module in the outyears and maintain the baseline configuration which includes the Service Module; this remains the least costly and most robust option.
	www.house.gov /science/goldin_05-06.htm (2674 words)

	ICM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To try to keep the project on track, NASA had selected an 'interim' control module (ICM) to possibly replace the Russian Service Module, based on a Naval Research Lab upper stage satellite dispenser built several years prevoiusly for a classified shuttle mission.
		It was not refuelable and not habitable and would be temporarily docked to the rear of the FGB module.
		To replace the Service Module permanently, one option was a redesigned ICM which allowed shuttle docking and refuelling.
	home.comcast.net /~issguide/components/ICM.html (300 words)

	The International Space Station
		The third piece to be launched, the Service Module will provide life support and critical controls for the first crews living aboard the station.
		But construction of the module is already more than two months behind schedule, leaving some people wondering whether the Russians will be able to deliver the promised hardware in time for its late 1998 or early 1999 launch.
		While the ICM wouldn't provide living quarters for astronauts, it would enable construction of the space station to go forward as planned.
	members.tripod.com /Zellman1.0/iss (650 words)

	Cancelled and Proposed Modules/Components for International Space Station Alpha
		Although this design was never used in its original form, it did serve as a design base for many future space station modules and components including: the ISS Zarya FGB, some of Mir's science modules, and a couple of manned ferry spacecraft (launched but not manned) to Salyuts 6 and 7.
		Also, this same FGB-2 was chosen by Rosaviacosmos to replace the Universal Docking Module (UDM) in the Russian Segment of ISS during the August 2001 redesign of the Russian Segment.
		This second SSM, however, was then removed (but the third Research Module was not brought back!) by the time Russia signed the Memorandum of Understanding for ISS in January of 1998.
	www.geocities.com /i_s_s_alpha/dev_canc.htm (5585 words)

	Howstuffworks "Delayed Zvezda Module Docks With Space Station"
		Zvezda, which will provide living quarters for ISS visitors, was originally planned to be launched in April 1998, but was delayed first by lack of Russian funding and then by failures of the Proton rockets that were to put the module in orbit.
		The next module to be added is the American Interim Control Module (ICM) in 2001.
		Zvezda, which was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on July 12, is the third component of the ISS, adding to the Russian control module, Zarya, and the American connecting module, Unity.
	www.howstuffworks.com /news-item117.htm (377 words)

	[No title]
		After undergoing hardware testing, the interim module will be readied for shipment to Kennedy Space Center in preparation for the possible December launch.
		If launched in December, the interim module would not be a permanent measure (in that it does not provide living quarters like the Russian Zvezda unit).
		Controllers have turned the satellite upside down to point the critical systems to cold space.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/ftp/news/2000/ans100.txt (2994 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although the new dates move the launch of the first station component, Zarya, from June to November, the target dates agreed upon for many major station milestones during the latter portions of the five-year assembly plan are little changed.
		NASA continues the development of an Interim Control Module (ICM) as a contingency against further delays in the Service Module and as a potential additional propellant capability for a more robust space station.
		A decision concerning the configuration of the ICM will be made later this year.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/news/1998/06-01-98.txt (528 words)

	ard10
		An Interim Control Module, as a backup or supplemental propulsion source for reboost and positioning capabilities during the initial years of Station construction.
		The Station Propulsion Module, to provide long-term Station altitude and position propulsion--a key part of the system to prevent the Station from crossing paths with potentially dangerous space debris.
		The Environmental Control and Life Support System, a water recycling and oxygen generation system intended to eliminate the need to continuously resupply the Station crew with thousands of pounds of life-sustaining air and water.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/spinoff2000/ard10.htm (986 words)

	RANGER Navy Space Based Wide Area Surveillance System
		Continued delays in Russian funding of the Russian Service Module, required for the third assembly phase of the ISS, raised considerable concern throughout the ISS community.
		The ICM is deployed from the Space Shuttle and mated with the ISS at the Russian Node (called the FGB).
		The ICM provides at least one year of propellant operation with a goal of three years of operation.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/sbwass_n.htm (883 words)

	ICM
		The ICM spacecraft, an attitude control system for the International Space Station (ISS), is being designed and built around existing NRL technology.
		The ICM, designed to dock with and mate to the ISS, will support the operations of the ISS until such time as the permanent Control Module is available.
		As a member of the NRL team, ICS is supporting the ICM project with requirements analysis, design, development, unit test and integration of the CandT system.
	www.interfacecontrol.com /briefs/icm.htm (116 words)

	Space station may be turned over to commercial operator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Continuing software problems with the NASA elements of the ISS, particularly the US Laboratory Module, may force the US space agency to ask Russia to delay from 12 November until next year the launch of the Zvezda service module.
		The US Lab module was due for launch next August, but may be deferred until December.
		The US Navy Research Laboratory's Interim Control Module, being developed for use on the ISS should the launch of the Zvezda fail, may be sent to the space station anyway, to improve orbit maintenance capability."
	www.aeronautics.ru /nws001/fi029.htm (267 words)

	U-S-RUSSIA-SPACE STATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The module will serve as the living quarters for the first few station crews.
		Russia's financial problems were the initial reason the module was not built on time.
		She points out, however, that the space agency is not abandoning the notion of ever using the Russian module.
	www.fas.org /news/russia/2000/000204-rus-mir1.htm (625 words)

	Frontier Status Report #31
		The module was also used as a cargo hold for the 3 tons of supplies being transferred to Mir.
		Perhaps the biggest news is the selection of a previously classified Navy satellite system for use as an interim control module which will act as a replacement for the Russian built Service Module.
		The interim control system would be used in conjunction with a second FGB which would be adapted for use as a fuel source for the control system's thrusters.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/1997/fs-19970123.html (1439 words)

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