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Topic: Interleaving

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	Interleaving Ad Infinitum
		Of course, we could simply define a new kind of cardinality based on the interleaving property, i.e., we could say that two sets have the same "I-cardinality" if and only if they can be ordered in such a way that they are mutually dense.
		The shortcoming of this definition is that, as noted above, the I-cardinality of two sets (such as the naturals and the rationals) can be the same even when their cardinality is different.
		This implies that the ability to place the elements of two sets in one-to-one correspondence is a stronger condition than the ability to interleave the elements of two sets.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath172.htm (1250 words)

	Interleaving - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Interleaving in computer science is a way to arrange data in a non-contiguous way in order to increase performance.
		Interleaving is mainly used in data communication, multimedia file formats, radio transmission (for example in satellites) or by ADSL.
		The term multiplexing is sometimes used to refer to the interleaving of digital signal data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interleaving (388 words)

	Interleaving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interleaving is meant to decorrelate the relative positions of the bits respectively in the code words and in the modulated radio bursts.
		GSM blocks of full rate speech are interleaved on 8 bursts: the 456 bits of one block are split into 8 bursts in sub-blocks of 57 bits each.
		The major drawback of interleaving is the corresponding delay: transmission time from the first burst to the last one in a block is equal to 8 TDMA frames (i.e.
	www.cclinf.polito.it /~s99290/Interleaving.html (179 words)

	Sliced Apple - What is interleaving Memory?
		Interleaving at its simplest can be regarding as the ability of the computer to mesh two adjacent DIMMS (RAM chips) together to effectively double the memory bus width from 64 bit to 128 bits.
		To function interleaving required meshed DIMMS be closely matched in spec which often meant memory bought at least in pairs.
		In other words interleaving allowed the DIMMS to be meshed such that sequential memory addresses alternated back and forth between two paried chips so that for sequential reads you could essentially double the bandwidth.
	homepage.mac.com /rwikoff/Sites/slicedapple/interleaving.html (538 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For a block interleaving circuit, the targeting of different bits within adjacent words of the interleaved block is one way of preventing adjacent bits from the coded output word from being targeted by the repetition/deletion pattern.
		Many alternative interleaving circuits suitable for use in a coding device in accordance with the present invention will be known to the skilled person, for example re-ordering the columns of the interleaving matrix before it is read out.
		A puncturing or repetition pattern may be determined for the maximum interleaving depth, and the pattern for a different coding device within the communications system and having a different interleaving depth may be defined as a reduced number of columns of the larger pattern.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/03486.000120&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3451 words)

	Interleaving
		Interleaving is an advanced technique used by high-end motherboards/chipsets to improve memory performance.
		Two-way interleaving would mean dividing the food onto two plates and eating with both hands, using two forks.
		Interleaving is an advanced technique that is not generally supported by most PC motherboards, most likely due to cost.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/ram/timingInterleaving-c.html (390 words)

	broadband » News » Latency and Interleaving - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ADSL modems commonly employ data Interleaving, which is a technique to increase resistance to noise bursts on a line.
		Interleaving "smears" out micro bits of data (interleaves them over time) so that a short burst of signal destroying noise can only remove part of any given larger block.
		The down-side of Interleaving is that it increases latency!
	www.dslreports.com /shownews/184 (725 words)

	Interleaving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In interleaving the original audio chunk is split into a few units and each unit is sent over a different network packet.
		If, for example, units are 5ms in length and packets 20ms (i.e., interleaving factor of 4), then the first packet could contain units 1, 5, 9, 13; the second packet would contain units 2, 6, 10, 14; and so on, as illustrated in Figure 3.2.
		It can be seen that the loss of a single packet from an interleaved stream results in multiple small gaps in the reconstructed stream, as opposed to the single large gap which would occur in a non-interleaved stream.
	poisson.ecse.rpi.edu /~anand/voip/reports/3stage/html/node24.html (305 words)

	Interleaving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interleaving improves the ability of Forward Error Correction (FEC) (Reid Solomon Encoding) to recover ATM errors.
		It costs latency as an interleaved group has to be completely recieved before a packet can be decoded and recieved by the TCP/IP stack.
		Without interleaving in the above example the green and blue packets would have to be retransmitted and resulted in an error second.
	members.iinet.net.au /~remmie/interleaving.html (206 words)

	[No title]
		Interleaving When an RTP packet carries a contiguous sequence of Access Units, the loss of such a packet can result in a "decoding gap" for the user.
		Constraints for Interleaving The size of the packets should be suitably chosen to be appropriate to both the path MTU and the capacity of the receiver's de-interleave buffer.
		When interleaving, this parameter MUST be present if the calculation of the de-interleave buffer size given in 3.2.3.3 and based on maxDisplacement and rate(max) under-estimates the size of the de-interleave buffer.
	www.rfc-editor.org /rfc/rfc3640.txt (11501 words)

	Supply Chain Edge: Task Interleaving---Harvesting Savings from What You Already Do (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Task interleaving uses your WMS to try to make every trip count for equipment and people, but the capabilities of technology and the understanding and insight of people must combine to think fast enough and smart enough to really make it work.
		Not all tasks should be interleaved; the location of the operators, the type of equipment and the priority of the tasks must be factored into the decision formula.
		By the nature of task interleaving, the total work hours invested to complete a day's work are reduced, but the time to complete a unit of work (say, an outbound order) is often increased.
	www.tompkinsinc.com /publications/competitive_edge/articles/print/P_10-03-Task_Interleaving.asp (1245 words)

	RFC 2658 (rfc2658) - RTP Payload Format for PureVoice(tm) Audio
		When interleaving is in use and/or multiple codec data frames are present in a single RTP packet, the timestamp is, as always, that of the oldest data represented in the RTP packet.
		Specifically when reconstructing interleaved audio, a missing RTP packet in the interleave group should be treated as containing B erasure CODEC data frames where B is the bundling value for that interleave group.
		Also, were the interleave or bundling value to increase, the receiver could be forced to pause playback while it receives the additional packets necessary for playback at an increased bundling value or increased interleave.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2658.html (2484 words)

	Configuring Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interleaving on MLP allows large packets to be multilink encapsulated and fragmented into a small enough size to satisfy the delay requirements of real-time traffic; small real-time packets are not multilink encapsulated and are transmitted between fragments of the large packets.
		The interleaving feature also provides a special transmit queue for the smaller, delay-sensitive packets, enabling them to be transmitted earlier than other flows.
		Interleaving provides the delay bounds for delay-sensitive voice packets on a slow link that is used for other best-effort traffic.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/12cgcr/qos_c/qcpart6/qclfi.htm (727 words)

	[No title]
		A new method of interleaving is proposed which aims to limit the weaknesses of typical interleaving: Single Initialization Vector Interleaving.
		A firm understanding of interleaving is needed in order to properly present a new method of interleaving addressed in section 4.
		CONCLUSION Interleaving provides the means by which symmetric block ciphers may attain encryption speeds reflective of non-feedback block cipher modes, while still providing the security inherent within feedback modes.
	cs.winona.edu /CSConference/2004proceedings/charles.doc (3278 words)

	Interleaving ADCs for Higher Sample Rates
		To combine the output of two ADCs in a process known as interleaving, one needs to sample on both edges of the clock signal, meaning one ADC must be provided with a clock signal that is 180° out of phase with the clock signal to the other ADC.
		That problem, however, has been addressed with the dual ADC08D1000 in that the two converters on the single die can be interleaved to produce an overall sample rate that is twice that of the clock provided to the chip.
		The use of interleaved ADCs presents a rather large challenge to the circuit designer, but the Dual Edge Sampling capability of the ADC08D1000 eliminates the problems associated with interleaving, producing performance that is superior to any other solution in the 2 GSPS arena.
	www.national.com /nationaledge/feb05/article.html (956 words)

	Interleaving (Using the Communications Blockset) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An interleaver permutes symbols according to a mapping.
		Interleaving and deinterleaving can be useful for reducing errors caused by burst errors in a communication system.
		Then you can open the interleaving sublibraries by double-clicking their icons in the Interleaving library, or by typing these commands at the MATLAB prompt.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /matlab/toolbox/commblks/usersguide/tutor2-b.html (152 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| Band Interleaving Benefits, implementation and operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Band Interleaving 'dynamically' means that the amount of throughput dedicated to a single frequency is calculated according to the network requirement at that moment.
		The band interleaving Access Point configuration shown in Figure 3 is equivalent to the network depicted in Figure 4 where the functions of the two Access Points and the Ethernet switch are combined into a single band interleaving enabled Access Point.
		The advantage of band interleaving in an Access Point is that it provides a very low cost solution to the problem of supporting both 802.11a and 802.11b/g clients simultaneously from a single access point.
	www.st.com /stonline/books/ascii/docs/10900.htm (2118 words)

	Albums - Glassine Interleaving - Ken Stewart
		Glassine interleaving is another of those things that have two sides to the story: a good side and a not so good side.
		Interleaving is sheet glassine that has been cut and punched to fit into stamp albums.
		Interleaving will prevent a lot of this, but not all if you are careless.
	www.junior-philatelists.com /albums_glassine.htm (628 words)

	The three-dimensional structure of the interleaving layers in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean
		The interleaving of water masses across the equator is a predominant feature in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean.
		The interleaving is thought to promote lateral mixing and impact on the basin-wide dynamics of the equatorial ocean.
		The large zonal coherence is further evidence of the potential importance of the interleaving, and points to the need to include the process in models of the equatorial ocean.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004GL019441.shtml (257 words)

	Interleaving - Waikato Linux Users Group
		ADSL Interleaving is a point of much discussion in New Zealand.
		This means that with interleaved packets you must wait for the entire frame to arrive before you can process any packets, but it moves the error correction information away from the data so data corruption is unlikely to take out both the FEC and the actual data.
		The spec suggests that disabling Interleaving can increase the dropped packet rate to 50% of all packets recieved (which I think would be a miracle if FEC was able to recover that much data!).
	www.wlug.org.nz /Interleaving (345 words)

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