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Topic: Interleukin 1

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	interleukins - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		Interleukins (also called lymphokines) are a sub-group of small soluable proteins called cytokines which function as chemical messengers between cells.
		The role of interleukins is to mediate and control the immunologic and inflamatory response.
		Interleukins are largely secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) and received by receptors in others.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /interleukins.html (393 words)

	About Interleukin Genetics
		Interleukin Genetics is the only company that has developed a DNA based risk assessment test that can tell people whether or not they have a genetic risk factor that affects their own inflammatory response.
		Interleukin is now working to develop other DNA based risk assessment tests for other common disorders (such as osteoporosis).
		Interleukin is also exploring pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical agents to reduce the risk of or slow the trajectory of genetically influenced inflammatory diseases.
	www.ilgenetics.com /content/about-interleukin/index.jsp (615 words)

	HON Allergy Glossary Interleukin1 (IL1)
		These secretions are involved in inflammation, accounting in part for such inflammatory characteristics as vasodilation, cramps, fever and can produce a wasting syndrome called cachexia.
		Inducing adhesion molecule expression on vascular endothelium is part of the inflammation syndrome - IL1 induces ICAM 1 expression, while TNFalpha induces ELAM 1 expression on endothelium.
		Corticosteroids, produced by the adrenals in response to signals from the brain (cortisone), inhibit the action of IL1 and are therefore used to reduce inflammation.
	www.hon.ch /Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/il1.html (189 words)

	Look What I Found In My Brain!: interleukin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An interleukin is any of a group of about 18 cytokines (glycoproteins) that act in various ways to stimulate the immune system.
		interleukin 1 (IL1) is produced by macrophages and plays an important role in activating T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
		It was the first interleukin to be discovered and continues to be the most medically useful chemical in the group.
	www.sff.net /people/lucy-snyder/brain/2006/06/interleukin.html (497 words)

	Interleukin 1 Trials in Cancer Patients: A Review of the Toxicity, Antitumor and Hematopoietic Effects -- Veltri and ...
		The cell surface receptors for interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta are identical.
		The toxic and hematologic effects of interleukin 1 alpha administered in a phase I trial to patients with advanced malignancies.
		Interleukin 1 induces human marrow stromal cells in long-term culture to produce granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophagecolony-stimulating factor.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/1/4/190 (4880 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-1 Gene Cluster in Children and Young Adults With Systemic ...
		The mortality rate is variable, ranging from 5% to 20% (1), and is highest for patients with severe septic shock and the clinical syndrome of purpura fulminans (2).
		One of the early characteristics of patients with severe sepsis syndrome is the overactivation of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to unusually high plasma concentrations and to symptoms of septic shock and multiorgan failure (3).
		Probably because of the small number of nonsurvivors, we found only 1 individual homozygous for IL1RA (+2018)C/C. Of all C-allele carriers, 4.8% (6 of 125) required amputation or major skin transplantation, which was comparable to T/T homozygotes [3.8% (6 of 158); P = 0.54].
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/424741/polymorphisms_in_the_interleukin1_gene_cluster_in_children_and_young/index.html?source=r_health (1604 words)

	interleukin.html
		The active conformations of beta 1 integrins are regulated by physiologic mediators such as cytokines, play an important role in cellular attachment and spreading, and appear to be involved in the development of inflammatory processes.
		AB: Bryostatin 1 interferes with protein kinase C (PKC) signaling which is involved in the activation of human and murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and in the growth and differentiation of tumor cells.
		AB: The expression of the beta 1 integrins was examined immunohistochemically in synoviocytes from normal synovitis membrane and from chronic synovitis of different aetiology and intensity.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/interleukin.html (14766 words)

	Interleukin-8 potentiates the effect of interleukin-1-induced uterine contractions -- Khatun et al. 14 (2): 560 -- ...
		Reprod., January 1, 2003; 9(1): 53 - 58.
		Reprod., December 1, 2001; 7(12): 1187 - 1193.
		Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/2/560 (543 words)

	Growth Factors and Cytokines
		Many of the lymphokines are also known as interleukins (ILs), since they are not only secreted by leukocytes but also able to affect the cellular responses of leukocytes.
		Specifically, interleukins are growth factors targeted to cells of hematopoietic origin.
		IL-8 is an interleukin that belongs to an ever-expanding family of proteins that exert chemoattractant activity to leukocytes and fibroblasts.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/growth-factors.html (2739 words)

	Interleukin-1 Inhibition at Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis on Johns Hopkins Arthritis
		The interleukin gene family is comprised of IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL–1 receptor antagonist (IL–1ra).
		The risk of serious infections of anakinra in combination with a TNF inhibitor is unknown, but preliminary data in a small-uncontrolled study of 58 RA patients suggest an increase (7%) relative to anakinra alone.
		Interleukin 1 signaling occurs exclusively via the type I receptor.
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /rheumatoid/il1.html (3965 words)

	Influence of Polymorphism in the Genes for the Interleukin (IL)-1 Receptor Antagonist and IL-1beta on Tuberculosis -- ...
		In contrast, induction of IL-1Ra in IL-1Ra A2 donors was significant at 1 µg/ml.
		Induction by transforming growth factor-beta 1 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and of its intracellular form in human polymorphonuclear cells.
		Functions of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in gene knockout and overproducing mice.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/189/12/1863 (5994 words)

	InterPro: IPR000975 Interleukin-1
		Eisenberg S.P. Brewer M.T. Verderber E. Heimdal P. Brandhuber B.J. Thompson R.C. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is a member of the interleukin 1 gene family: evolution of a cytokine control mechanism.
		Patterns of structure and sequence in the Kunitz inhibitors interleukins-1 beta and 1 alpha and fibroblast growth factors.
		Rothwell N.J. Luheshi G.N. Interleukin 1 in the brain: biology, pathology and therapeutic target.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR000975 (3348 words)

	Critical Role of Interleukin-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis (IL-1)
		IL-1 has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of RA, and acts on a range of cell types in the joint space to amplify and perpetuate the RA disease process.
		In particular, IL-1 is a potent stimulator of synoviocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts (Figure 1).
		Figure 1 IL-1 is a pivotal cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of RA
	www.kineret-eu.com /en/pro/rhe/rherol.jsp (1015 words)

	Healthline - Search Results For interleukin
		The receptors for these two interleukins are expressed in abundance on many human tumor cell lines and offer an attractive target for toxin therapy or gene therapy.
		Imbalance of the interleukin 1 system in colonic mucosa---association with intestinal inflammation and interleukin 1 receptor agonist genotype 2.
		ARS Publication request Interleukin 1b and Tumor Necrosis Factor a Mediation of Endotoxin Action...
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=interleukin (548 words)

	Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 alpha - CYT-253
		Synergistic effect of interleukin 1 alpha on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced up-regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in middle ear epithelial cells.
		Integrin-linked kinase activity is associated with interleukin-1 alpha-induced progressive behavior of pancreatic cancer and poor patient survival.
		Intracellular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist type 1 antagonizes the stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 alpha precursor on cell motility.
	www.prospec.co.il /~prospec/cart/catalog/rHuIL1a.html (510 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Interleukin 1 - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Terms that may be interchangeable with Interleukin 1:
		The term Interleukin 1 can be used for:
		The description of Interleukin 1 may also be used for the following terms:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/interleukin_1.htm (192 words)

	Variation within Genes Encoding Interleukin-1 and the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Influence the Severity of ...
		Chem., March 1, 2006; 52(3): 511 - 514.
		Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2004; 8(4): 297 - 315.
		Biol., February 1, 2004; 75(2): 307 - 313.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/abstract/138/7/534 (675 words)

	Interleukin-1 Family: Ligands & Receptors
		Table 1 presents a simplified nomenclature that has been proposed for the IL-1 family ligands.
		The DNA sequence demonstrates the conserved intron placement of the IL-1 family genes and corresponds to a 152 aa protein with a predicted molecular mass of 17 kDa.
		The gene for SIGIRR maps to chromosome 11 and, as such, is not localized with other members of the IL-1R family.
	rndsystems.com /mini_review_detail_objectname_MR03_Interleukin-1.aspx (2044 words)

	Clinical Trial: Internleukin-1 Trap to Treat Autoinflammatory Disease
		Patients are seen at NIH at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and are checked at home by telephone at months 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 13 for a review of their general health, side effects, and other medications.
		This exploratory study aims to examine the utility of the experimental drug candidate, IL 1 Trap (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) in the treatment of adult subjects with the autoinflammatory disorders Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), and Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS), Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), and adult Still's disease.
		De Benedetti F, Pignatti P, Massa M, Sartirana P, Ravelli A, Martini A. Circulating levels of interleukin 1 beta and of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in systemic juvenile chronic arthritis.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00094900 (1935 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| In vivomucosal delivery of bioactive human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist produced by ...
		IL-1ra was detected in GI samples up to day 11 from the last inoculum with the highest amounts of antagonist found in the stomach and caecum (Table 1).
		It was not possible to detect IL-1ra in the GI tract of mice sacrificed four weeks after inoculum (Table 1).
		Hirsch E, Irikura VM, Paul SM, Hirsh D: Functions of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in gene knockout and overproducing mice.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6750/3/15 (6076 words)

	Kineret® - Mechanism of Action
		The inflammation caused by RA triggers an increase in the production of cytokines, including IL-1, in the affected areas, which are characteristically located in the synovial tissue of the affected joint.
		In some cases, the increase in IL-1 production is such that it overwhelms the development of IL-1Ra (see Figure 1).
		It works by competitively inhibiting IL-1 binding to the IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1Rl), thus inhibiting the biologic activity of IL-1 (see Figure 3).
	www.kineretrx.com /professional/about/mechanism_action.jsp (707 words)

	NEJM -- The Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-1{alpha} on Platelet Recovery after High-Dose Carboplatin
		Dinarello, C. Interleukin 1 and interleukin 18 as mediators of inflammation and the aging process.
		Veltri, S., Smith, J. Interleukin 1 Trials in Cancer Patients: A Review of the Toxicity, Antitumor and Hematopoietic Effects.
		Interleukin 1 trials in cancer patients: a review of the toxicity, antitumor and hematopoietic effects.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/328/11/756 (658 words)

	Reversal of Autocrine and Paracrine Effects of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) in Human Arthritis by Type II IL-1 Decoy Receptor. ...
		Reversal of Autocrine and Paracrine Effects of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) in Human Arthritis by Type II IL-1 Decoy Receptor.
		Interleukin 1 (IL-1), produced by both synovial cells and chondrocytes, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cartilage
		Rheumatology, September 1, 2002; 41(9): 972 - 980.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/275/51/40307 (555 words)

	Journal of Translational Medicine \| Full text \| Interleukin-1 and cancer progression: the emerging role of ...
		Interestingly, there is an association between chronic inflammation and tumor development or progression; 15% of all cancers are attributed to inflammatory etiologies [1].
		Jouvenne P, Vannier E, Dinarello CA, Miossec P: Elevated levels of soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with chronic arthritis: correlations with markers of inflammation and joint destruction.
		Symons JA, Young PR, Duff GW: Soluble type II interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor binds and blocks processing of IL-1 beta precursor and loses affinity for IL-1 receptor antagonist.
	www.translational-medicine.com /content/4/1/48 (5979 words)

	Accelrys Case Study
		AtlasStore Validation Study: Datamining Interleukin Proteins in the Human Genome
		Dana Haley-Vicente and Tim Glennon use AtlasStore™ to find a possible novel interleukin sequence.
		1 of the 10 a probable novel interleukin-1 protein (not annotated in public DB)
	www.accelrys.com /reference/cases/studies/atlasstore_interleukin.html (259 words)

	Medscape Search
		Interleukin-12 Boosts Apoptosis, Survival in Mouse Model of NeuroblastomaAdministration of interleukin-12 (IL-12) destroys neuroblastoma cells by inducing apoptosis, a new study in a mouse model of the disease shows.
		Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor a Potential Marker of Sleep ApneaMorning levels of soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R) are associated with moderate to severe sleep related breathing disorder (SRBD), and may represent...
		Thoracic, Head, and Neck Cancer - Improved Survival With Perilymphatic Interleukin 2 in Patients With Resectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx-- and if required, radiotherapy -- and perilymphatic recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) could lengthen the disease-free period and improve overall...
	search.medscape.com /medscape-search?queryText=interleukin (455 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|e-Journal\|Lupus and interleukin 1 genes
		The primary goal of this study was to examine association between SLE and five alleles in the interleukin 1 gene cluster in the interleukin 1-alpha, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist genes.
		This study was a case-control study with population-based controls from North Carolina and South Carolina.
		Parks C, Cooper G, Dooley M, Treadwell E, St. Clair E, Gilkeson G, Pandey J. Systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic variation in the interleukin 1 gene cluster: a population based study in the southeastern United States.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/ejournal/lupus.htm (536 words)

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