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Topic: Interleukin 2

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	OhioLINK ETD: Bergmann, Christoph
		These epitopes are temporally distinct from secreted interleukin 2 and are not inhibited by cyclosporin A. Furthermore, expression is constitutive in quiescent cells and it is lost upon activation.
		Using specific antibodies to interleukin 2 and flow cytometry, we have detected specific binding of high dose interleukin 2 to T cells.
		These novel characteristics of recombinant interleukin 2 may be relevant to the therapeutic use of the lymphokine in treating certain types of neoplastic disease.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=case1055270858 (401 words)

	IL2 - interleukin 2
		T-cell-replacing factor (interleukin 5) induces expression of interleukin 2 receptors on murine splenic B cells.
		T-bet is an activation-inducible transcription factor regulator of interleukin 2 (suppression) and interferon (stimulation) synthesis.
		The proliferation of mouse splenocytes activated by phorbol ester and IL-12 was inhibited by IL-12p40, whereas the proliferation induced by phorbol ester and IL-2 was not affected.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/89442.html (5808 words)

	IL2 - Interleukin 2 - aka: TCGF - Cancer GeneticsWeb
		DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of the human interleukin 2 gene: homologies with adult T-cell leukemia virus.
		Immunotherapy with recombinant human interleukin 2 in patients with hematological malignancies after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
		Interleukin 2 gene therapy of colorectal carcinoma with autologous irradiated tumor cells and genetically engineered fibroblasts: a Phase I study.
	www.cancerindex.org /geneweb/IL2.htm (457 words)

	INTERLEUKIN-2
		After initially using IL-2 every 2 months, they increased the time between cycles to as much as 3 years.
		Side effects show up from 2 to 6 hours after injection of IL-2, and disappear quickly after the end of each cycle.
		IL-2 is usually administered in 5-day cycles of 2 subcutaneous injections a day.
	www.aids.org /factSheets/472-Interleukin-2.html (896 words)

	CNN - Study: Interleukin 2 boosts immunity of AIDS patients - Oct. 30, 1996
		Doses of interleukin 2 or IL-2 increased the number of crucial infection-fighting white blood cells in 60 patients with the virus.
		Interleukin 2 is a genetically modified version of interleukin, a body chemical that is a natural defense against disease.
		Doctors hope to improve the treatment process, making it possible to give patients lower doses of interleukin 2 to reduce the side effects and cost of the drug.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/9610/30/nfm/aids (364 words)

	Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science
		2) in the nonadherent subpopulation, indicating this subtype is adhering to the nylon wool.
		Observed reductions in the relative abundance of PNA+ cells in the adherent subpopulation of cotton rats was in agreement with previous studies indicating that PNA binds preferentially to T-cells (typically immature T-cells, with some binding to non-T-cells) in mice (11, 12), cows (13), and chickens (14).
		2), indicates that the nonadherent subpopulation is enriched in PNA+ splenocytes.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /OAS/oas_htm_files/v75/p31_37nf.html (2739 words)

	Low-Dose Prolonged Intermittent Interleukin-2 Adjuvant Therapy: Results of a Randomized Trial among Human ...
		In particular, 1 patient was monitored up to week 34 but then moved to another city; 2 patients were monitored until week 10, and after that 1 moved to another city and 1 went to jail.
		In IL-2 treated patients, both mean absolute CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+ T cell percentages peaked at the end of each IL-2 treatment cycle (weeks 2, 6, and 10), with a significant increase at the end of the IL-2 treatment, from 147 cells at baseline to 304 cells at week 10.
		The mean increases in absolute numbers of both naive and memory cells at week 48 in IL-2 treated patients were significantly higher than those of control subjects (P =.034 for naive cells and P =.046 for memory cells).
	www.natap.org /2002/september/090902_4.htm (1596 words)

	Interleukin 2 activates nuclear phospholipase C{beta} by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Interleukin 2 activates nuclear phospholipase C{beta} by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation in human natural killer cells -- VITALE et al.
		Interleukin 2 activates nuclear phospholipase Cß by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation in human natural killer cells
		NK cells stimulated with IL-2 for 30 min (lanes 2 and 5) or 60 min (lanes 3 and 6).
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/10/1789 (1624 words)

	Interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain expression on resting and activated lymphoid cells -- Nakarai et al. 180 (1): 241 -- ...
		Interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain expression on resting and activated lymphoid cells -- Nakarai et al.
		Interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain expression on resting and activated lymphoid cells
		The interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) is known to be comprised of at least
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/180/1/241 (1624 words)

	Mice Lacking Interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-15 Receptor {beta} Chain Are Susceptible to Infection with Avirulent Salmonella ...
		The data are representative of three independent experiments using pooled cells from three to five deficient mice and are shown as the means of triplicate determinations ± SDs.
		Differential roles of interleukin 15 mRNA isoforms generated by alternative splicing in immune responses in vivo.
		2 subunit expression in developing T helper (Th1) and Th2 cells.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/2/1226 (1590 words)

	Daily Low-dose Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 Added To Single- or Dual-nucleoside Therapy Does Not Protect Against CD4+ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In an effort to enhance immune function in HIV positive individuals, researchers have been studying the potential immune restorative properties of interleukin 2 (IL-2) when used in combination with HAART regimens.
		The objectives of the current study were to examine the ability of daily low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with antiretroviral therapy to preserve circulating CD4+ T-cell counts, the clinical safety and tolerability of this treatment, and safety with respect to changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels.
		The current study was a 24-week, phase 2, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial conducted at 12 AIDS Clinical Trials Units between September 1995 and May 1997.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/immunology/060904_a.html (470 words)

	Recombinant Rat Interleukin-2 - CYT-382 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Enhancement of A-NKP 1, 2, and 3 proteolytic activities (cleaving after Arg, Phe and Pro) in response to interleukin-2.
		Rat interleukin-2 immunoglobulin M fusion proteins are cytotoxic in vitro for cells expressing the IL-2 receptor and can abolish cell-mediated immunity in vivo.
		Zymographic analysis of extracellular, released and cell-associated proteases of rat interleukin 2-activated natural killer (A-NK) cells.
	www.prospec.co.il /~prospec/cart/catalog/rrIL2.html (412 words)

	Search Results for interleukin-2 - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Among the lymphokines are a group known as the interleukins.
		An explanation of how the Ethernet 2 and 802.3 Ethernet frames differ.
		Includes information on the design, construction, scientific objectives, and status of the Biosphere 2 building and the different ecosystems within.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=interleukin-2&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (502 words)

	Interleukin-2 boosts effectiveness of U-M cancer vaccine in mice. Human trials may begin this summer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Interleukin-2, a well-known weapon in the fight against certain types of cancer, has proven to be a powerful new addition to a University of Michigan cancer vaccine that mobilizes the body's own immune system to attack and destroy malignant cells.
		In a study published in the March 2 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), U-M researchers present the results of experiments testing the effectiveness of the vaccine/IL-2 combination on laboratory mice with large, advanced sarcomas or breast cancers.
		While not included in the PNAS article, U-M scientists also are studying other types of tumors, including aggressive skin cancers called melanomas, to determine their response to the vaccine/IL-2 combination.
	www.umich.edu /~urecord/9899/Mar15_99/21.htm (848 words)

	Interleukin-2 Increases CD4+ Lymphocyte Numbers but Does Not Enhance Responses to Immunization: Results of A5046s
		To ascertain whether CD4+ lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120depleted HIV-1, and hepatitis A and B vaccines.
		A regimen of intermittent high-dose interleukin (IL) 2 increases naive and memory CD4+ lymphocyte numbers.
		Although the percentages of HAART-only recipients (46%) and HAART/IL-2 recipients (20%) who developed LPA responses to TT were not significantly different, patients in the HAART-only arm tended to have larger LPA responses after immunization.
	www.natap.org /2003/Jan/011703_3.htm (1433 words)

	Therapy with Either Interleukin-2 Alone or Combined with ALVAC-HIV 1433 and HIV Lipopeptides Did Not Produce ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		French researchers evaluated whether the addition to HAART of interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone or combined with an immunization procedure might enhance HIV immune responses and improve viral control after HAART discontinuation.
		Data were compared between arms 2 and 3 and the control (arm 1), in an intent-to-treat analysis.
		Median time to virological failure was 63 and 58 days in arms 2 and 3 respectively, and 42 days in arm 1 (NS).
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/immunology/031504.htm (462 words)

	The Body: Interleukin
		Interleukin 2 and Immune Reconstitution (July 25, 2000)
		Interleukin 2 Treatment for HIV Infection (July 12, 2000)
		Immunologic and Virologic Effects of Subcutaneous Interleukin 2 in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (July 12, 2000)
	www.thebody.com /treat/interleu.html (961 words)

	Advances in interleukin 2 receptor targeted treatment -- Morris and Waldmann 59 (Supplement 1): 109 -- Annals of the ...
		T cell activation and cellular immune responses are modulated by interleukin 2 (IL2) through binding to its corresponding
		Involvement of the Jak-3 Janus kinase in signalling by interleukins 2 and 4 in lymphoid and myeloid cells.
		Interleukin receptors in lymphoid lesions: relevance to diagnosis, biology, and therapy.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/59/suppl_1/i109 (4660 words)

	CancerGuide: Nutritional Supplements and Interleukin-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marcus SL, Petrylak DP, Dutcher JP, Paietta E, Ciobanu N, Strauman J, Wiernik PH, Hutner SH, Frank O, Baker H. Hypovitaminosis C in patients treated with high-dose interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.
		Marcus SL, Dutcher JP, Paietta E, Ciobanu N, Strauman J, Wiernik PH, Hutner SH, Frank O, Baker H. Severe hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.
		Effects of interleukin 2 therapy on lymphocyte magnesium levels.
	www.cancerguide.org /rcc_il2supplements.html (1470 words)

	Elf-1 Contributes to the Function of the Complex Interleukin (IL)-2-responsive Enhancer in the Mouse IL-2 Receptor ...
		Elf-1 Contributes to the Function of the Complex Interleukin (IL)-2-responsive Enhancer in the Mouse IL-2 Receptor alpha Gene -- Serdobova et al.
		Elf-1 Contributes to the Function of the Complex Interleukin (IL)-2-responsive Enhancer in the Mouse IL-2 Receptor
		Interleukin 2 Receptor Signaling Regulates the Perforin Gene through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)5 Activation of Two Enhancers
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/185/7/1211 (757 words)

	Maintenance Biotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma with Interleukin-2 and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		2 of cycles 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12.
		) was observed in 18% of cycles, grade 2 thrombocytopenia (50,000–75,000/mm
		However, CNS only progression was seen in 2 of these patients.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/8/9/2775 (3794 words)

	HON Allergy Glossary Interleukin2 (IL2)
		Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was the first of the immunologic cytokines to be discovered and characterized and it remains the most therapeutically useful of the interleukins so far discovered.
		While about a dozen interleukins are now recognized, several of these do not appear to be directly involved with immunity.
		Do not influence unstimulated T-cells because those T-cells do not express a high affinity IL-2 receptor.
	www.hon.ch /Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/il2.html (275 words)

	Ia To Iodine And Interleukin 2 - Cole-Parmer Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Interleukin 2 (Human, Natural /Tissue Culture Grade) (50mL)
		Source - Pooled human peripheral blood leukocytes from donors who have been pretested and found to be negative for Hepatitis B surface antigen and non-reactive for HIV-1 antibody.
		Potentiates the release of γ-interferon, B-cell growth factor, and B-cell differentiation factor.Not on TSCA inventory: for research and
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/product_view.asp?sku=8806246 (89 words)

	Interleukin-2 redux
		And although 70–90% of patients in clinical studies respond dramatically to HAART, the efficacy rates in urban clinics are as low as 35–40% (2).
		Blankson, J.; Siliciano, R. Interleukin 2 treatment for HIV infection.
		Immunologic and virologic effects of subcutaneous interleukin 2 in combination with antiretroviral therapy: A randomized controlled trial.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v04/i07/html/07hart.html (1897 words)

	NEJM -- Constant-infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer
		In the 40 who could be evaluated for their response, there were 13 partial responses (32.5 percent) and 2 minor responses.
		Combination Nonviral Interleukin 2 and Interleukin 12 Gene Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
		Combination Surgery and Nonviral Interleukin 2 Gene Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/316/15/898 (927 words)

	Establishment of an interleukin 2-dependent human T cell line from a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Establishment of an interleukin 2-dependent human T cell line from a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia who is not infected with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus -- Hori et al.
		Articles by Hori, T. Articles by Uchino, H. Establishment of an interleukin 2-dependent human T cell line from a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia who is not infected with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus
		Preassembly of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor subunits on resting Kit 225 K6 T cells and their modulation by IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15: A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/70/4/1069 (1322 words)

	Induction of Autoimmune Myocarditis in Interleukin-2—Deficient Mice -- Grässl et al. 95 (7): 1773 -- Circulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Background Interleukin (IL)-2 is an important growth and survival
		cross section; 2, 5% to 10%; 3, 10% to 20 %; and 4, >20%).
		Received December 2, 1996; revision received February 10, 1997; accepted February 13, 1997.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/95/7/1773 (1522 words)

	AEGiS-08CROI: A randomized trial of interleukin-2 (IL-2) added to HAART for primary HIV.
		Conclusions: Patients with primary infection achieve higher CD4 cell counts when IL-2 is added to HAART.
		There is evidence of improved maintenance of CD8+ non-cytotoxic cell suppression of HIV with IL- 2; CTL studies are being performed.
		We have not observed decreases in HIV reservoirs, but there was a trend toward more frequent suppression of HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/ml by 24 weeks when IL-2 was added to HAART.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/croi/2001/407.html (467 words)

	Pilot Trial of Interleukin-2 With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for the Mobilization of Progenitor Cells in ...
		the 32 enrolled patients is illustrated in Fig 2.
		Sosman JA, Stiff PJ, Bayer RA, et al: A phase I trial of interleukin 3 (IL-3) pre-bone marrow harvest with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) post-stem cell infusion in patients with solid tumors receiving high-dose combination chemotherapy.
		Gemlo BT, Palladino MA Jr, Jaffe HS, et al: Circulating cytokines in patients with metastatic cancer treated with recombinant interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.
	www.jco.org /cgi/content/full/19/3/634 (5028 words)

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