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Topic: Intermembrane space

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	Mitochondria 3
		Recall that hydrogen ions are being pumped into the intermembrane space creating a charge gradient that is more negative on the matrix site.
		This may involve interactions with small Tim's of the intermembrane space and Tim22-Tim54 of the inner membrane itself.
		Small Tims are normally found in the intermembrane space and are not membrane proteins.
	www.cytochemistry.net /Cell-biology/mitoch3.htm (1758 words)

	Mitochondrion
		The intermembrane space between the two membranes contains enzymes that use ATP to phosphorylate other nucleotides and that catalyze other reactions.
		) against a gradient (the concentration of protons in the intermembrane space is higher than that in the matrix).
		An active transport (using energy) is required to pump the protons against their physical tendency (in the "wrong" direction) from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/m/mi/mitochondrion.html (650 words)

	Sorting proteins to the intermembrane space
		Sorting proteins to the intermembrane space Proteins can be targeted to the intermembrane space by several mechanisms.
		Some proteins (I) are translocated through the Tom complex and released into the intermembrane space.
		These stop-transfer sequences are then cleaved to release the proteins into the intermembrane space.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=cooper.figgrp.1635 (128 words)

	Sorting of Cytochrome b[IMAGE] to the Intermembrane Space of Mitochondria -- Ono et al. 270 (28): 16932 -- Journal of ...
		An alternative mechanism for the sorting to the intermembrane space is the conservative sorting model, which accounts for the resemblance of the intramitochondrial targeting sequence to prokaryotic leader sequences (Hartl et al.
		This mature-size species was exposed to the intermembrane space as it was found to be protease-sensitive after mitoplast formation.
		The data imply that the decrease in the intermediate-size form in the matrix is due to a retranslocation into the intermembrane space, with intermediate-size forms representing sorting intermediates on their way to the final subcompartment.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/28/16932 (5168 words)

	Tic22 Is Targeted to the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts by a Novel Pathway -- Kouranov et al. 274 (35): 25181 -- ...
		Tic22 Is Targeted to the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts by a Novel Pathway -- Kouranov et al.
		or for stabilizing Tic22 in the intermembrane space.
		The characteristics of preTic22 import suggest that the pathway of targeting to the intermembrane space is distinct from known
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/35/25181 (5078 words)

	Mitochondria 3
		Recall that hydrogen ions are being pumped into the intermembrane space creating a charge gradient that is more negative on the matrix site.
		This may involve interactions with small Tim's of the intermembrane space and Tim22-Tim54 of the inner membrane itself.
		Small Tims are normally found in the intermembrane space and are not membrane proteins.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/mitoch3.htm (1769 words)

	Forschung: FB Biologie AG Herrmann
		A second project in our group focuses on the processes by which proteins are translocated into the intermembrane space.
		Little is known about the processes that allow their translocation into the intermembrane space.
		On the basis of our observations we proposed a 'folding ratchet mechanism' according to which the free diffusion of a protein across the outer membrane is rectified by its irreversible folding in the intermembrane space.
	www.uni-kl.de /wcms/agh-forschung.html (537 words)

	Two essential proteins of the yeast mitochondrial intermembrane space mediate import of carrier proteins. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The TIM machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane is required for the import of mitochondrial proteins across the inner membrane.
		Components of this complex are the inner membrane proteins, Tim22p and Tim54p, and intermembrane space proteins, Tim10p and Tim12p; all are essential for viability.
		In vitro import of mitochondrial carriers and Tim22p in tim10 and tim12 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants is defective; import of precursor proteins into the matrix and intermembrane space occurs at wild-type rates, demonstrating the selectivity of this second TIM complex.
	www.yeastgenome.org /community/meetings/yeast98/abshtml/027.html (294 words)

	Group Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Pfanner
		Tiny Tim proteins in the intermembrane space guide the hydrophobic proteins across this aqueous compartment to the membrane-embedded TIM22 complex that consists of at least three integral membrane proteins, Tim18, Tim22 and Tim54.
		Gabriel, K., Milenkovic, D., Chacinska, A., Müller, J., Guiard, B., Pfanner, N., and Meisinger, C. Novel mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins as substrates of the MIA import pathway.
		Wiedemann, N., Truscott, K.N., Pfannschmidt, S., Guiard, B., Meisinger, C., and Pfanner, N. Biogenesis of the protein import channel Tom40 of the mitochondrial outer membrane: intermembrane space components are involved in an early stage of the assembly pathway.
	www.biochemie.uni-freiburg.de /pfanner/pfanner.htm (2521 words)

	Sorting of Cytochrome b[IMAGE] to the Intermembrane Space of Mitochondria -- Ono et al. 270 (28): 16932 -- Journal of ...
		When import was performed in the presence of metal chelators to prevent the first processing by the matrix processing peptidase, >40% of the imported precursor was localized in the matrix.
		A deletion of 13 amino acids in the intermembrane space sorting sequence caused partial inhibition of the first processing, and a transient accumulation of the precursor form in the matrix was also observed.
		The decrease in this matrix-localized precursor form paralleled an increase in the mature-size form in the intermembrane space.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/270/28/16932 (359 words)

	BCMB 513 group 3
		The intermembrane space-targeting sequence (brown) then targets the protein to the inner membrane by binding to a receptor (green) on the matrix side of the inner membrane, after which the protein is translocated across the inner membrane through an associated protein-lined transport channel into the intermembrane space (step 2a).
		In the intermembrane space, the targeting sequence is cleaved by a specific protease that is related to the ER signal peptidase, and heme is added, enabling the cytochrome to fold into its mature configuration (step 3a).
		The intermembranous space, the stroma and the thylakoid membrane space.
	web.bio.utk.edu /bcmb513-3 (4486 words)

	Intermembrane space - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The intermembrane space is the region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast.
		It tends to have a low pH because of the proton gradient which results when protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space during electron transport.
		As electrons move down the proteins in the electron transport chain, the electrons lose energy to bring H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/i/n/t/Intermembrane_space.html (216 words)

	Mitochondrion
		Mitochondria have two functionally distinct membrane systems separated by a space: the outer membrane, which surrounds the whole organelle; and the inner membrane, which is thrown into folds or shelves that project inward.
		The mitochondrial proteins are found on the outer membrane, the inner membrane, or the intermembrane space.
		An active transport system (energy requiring) pumps the protons against their physical tendency (in the "wrong" direction) from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mi/mitochondrion.html (949 words)

	Intermembrane space - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.
		Because of channels in the outer membrane of the mitochondria, the content of the intermembrane space is similar to that of the content of the cytoplasm.
		The intermembrane space of the chloroplast is extremely small, somewhere from 10-20 nm thick.
	www.australiagrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Intermembrane_space (306 words)

	Cells and Organelles
		This is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER for short) and its central space or lumen is a continuation of the lumen between the membranes of the nuclear envelope.
		The convolutions of the inner membrane are called cristae and the space inside the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix.
		Chloroplasts are surrounded by an outer membrane and inner membrane separated by an intermembrane space.
	www.biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/cells.htm (1054 words)

	electron_transport
		The space is divided into two regions: the lower region is the inside of the mitochrondrion and the upper space is the intermembrane region.
		In electron transport, protons (yellow circles) are pumped into the intermembrane space in several stages (represented by the blue squares) using active transport and, when there is a strong enough proton gradient, they diffuse back into the inside the mitochrondion through ATP synthase (represented by red squares).
		Protons in the upper spaces can move into the lower space through the red squares, but only when there are more than 10 more protons in the upper than in the lower space and only when ADP is available.
	bcrc.bio.umass.edu /netlogo/models/ElectronTransport (434 words)

	Maize Non-Photosynthetic Ferredoxin Precursor Is Mis-Sorted to the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts in the Presence ...
		Maize Non-Photosynthetic Ferredoxin Precursor Is Mis-Sorted to the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts in the Presence of Light -- Hirohashi et al.
		Maize Non-Photosynthetic Ferredoxin Precursor Is Mis-Sorted to the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts in the Presence of Light
		Accumulation of precursor proteins in the intermembrane space in the light was observed in the case of pFNRII.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/4/2154 (5704 words)

	Toc12, a Novel Subunit of the Intermembrane Space Preprotein Translocon of Chloroplasts -- Becker et al. 15 (11): 5130 ...
		The intermembrane space complex containing fraction and the Toc core complex fraction are marked by box 1 or box 2, respectively.
		of the folding machinery in the intermembrane space to the redox
		Hirohashi, T., Hase, T., and Nakai, M. Maize non-photosynthetic ferredoxin precursor is mis-sorted to the intermembrane space of chloroplasts in the presence of light.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/11/5130 (8548 words)

	Intermembrane space (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a set of coordinates.
		The number of coordinates specifying a point and the number of mutually perpendicular axes along which the coordinates lie are the same, and that is the number of dimensions of the space.
		We live in a space that has at least four dimensions: up-down, left-right, forward-backward, and future-past.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Intermembrane_space.html (211 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		causes mitochondrial vacuolation by expansion of the intermembrane space and by involvement of SOD1 aggregation and peroxisomes
		This could release the pro-cell death molecules normally residing in the intermembrane space and initiate motor neuron degeneration.
		This Mitochondrial Vacuolation by Intermembrane Space Expansion (MVISE) fits neither MPT nor autophagic vacuolation mechanisms, and thus, is a previously uncharacterized mechanism of mitochondrial degeneration in mammalian CNS.
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=82382&recNo=16&toc=1 (318 words)

	An internal targeting signal directing proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space -- Diekert et al. 96 (21): ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		space and the inner membrane are devoid of such signals.
		the imported mutant proteins in the intermembrane space was estimated
		Import of the indicated CCHL mutant proteins was estimated and analyzed as described in the legend of Fig.
	intl.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/21/11752 (4794 words)

	Cells and Organelles
		This is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER for short) and its central space or lumen is a continuation of the lumen between the membranes of the nuclear envelope.
		The convolutions of the inner membrane are called cristae and the space inside the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix.
		Chloroplasts are surrounded by an outer membrane and inner membrane separated by an intermembrane space.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/cells.htm (1054 words)

	* Intermembrane space - (Biology): Definition
		harnessing the energy released by this transfer to the pumping of protons (H+) from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
		As a result of the electron transport system, hydrogen ions become concentrated in the intermembrane space.
		The top of the complex is in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, the center spans the membrane, and the bottom is in the mitochondrial matrix.
	en.mimi.hu /biology/intermembrane_space.html (134 words)

	Different mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins are released during apoptosis in a manner that is coordinately ...
		Different mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins are released during apoptosis in a manner that is coordinately initiated but can vary in duration.
		The release of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins to the cytosol is a key event during apoptosis.
		We used in situ fluorescent labeling of proteins tagged with a short tetracysteine-containing sequence to follow the release of Smac, Omi, adenylate kinase-2, cytochrome c, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) during apoptosis and compared the release with that of cytochrome c tagged with GFP in individual cells observed over time.
	www.mitochondrial.net /showabstract.php?pmid=16864784 (318 words)

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