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Topic: Internal Troops

	MVD Internal Troops - Russia / Soviet Intelligence Agencies
		Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [VVMVD]
		The chief of the Internal Troops from 1954 to late 1987 was Ivan Iakovlev.
		Most Internal Troops units were composed of infantry alone and were not equipped with artillery and tanks; in 1989 there was only one operational division of the Internal Troops in Moscow.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/world/russia/mvd-su0537.htm (1292 words)

	Russia Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		According to the Law on Internal Troops, issued in October 1992, the functions of the Internal Troops are to ensure public order; guard key state installations, including nuclear power plants; guard prisons and labor camps (a function that was to end in 1996); and contribute to the territorial defense of the nation.
		It was under the last mandate that Internal Troops were deployed in large numbers after the December 1994 invasion of Chechnya.
		Internal Troops are equipped with guns and combat equipment to deal with serious crimes, terrorism, and other extraordinary threats to public order.
	www.photius.com /countries/russia/government/russia_government_ministry_of_internal~1396.html (1447 words)

	Russia Internal Security Before 1991 - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		The KGB's primary internal function was surveillance of the Soviet citizenry, using a vast intelligence apparatus to ensure loyalty to the regime and to suppress all expressions of political opposition.
		Such troops were employed, together with the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del--MVD), to suppress public protests and disperse demonstrations.
		The Internal Troops supported MVD missions by aiding the regular police in crowd control in large cities and by guarding strategically significant sites such as large industrial enterprises, railroad stations, and large stockpiles of food and matériel.
	www.photius.com /countries/russia/government/russia_government_internal_security_be~1382.html (1346 words)

	Latest Data on the Performance of Internal Affairs Agencies and Internal Troops in 1996 Ministry of Internal Affairs - ...
		The personnel of internal affairs agencies, the courts, and the procuracy, deputies on all levels, and the employees of state and commercial structures should be equally accountable before the law.
		Internal affairs agencies in the transportation network are aware of the crucial nature of the situation connected with the illegal export of strategic resources and materials, oil, petroleum products, and nonferrous and precious metals.
		The staffers of internal affairs agencies and the servicemen of the internal troops are aware of their responsibility to the people and will perform their duties in accordance with law.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/docs/mvd_1996.htm (12142 words)

	mbr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Unlike the MVD, the internal affairs apparatus was subject to dual subordination; local internal affairs offices reported both to the executive committees of their respective local soviets and to their superior offices in the MVD hierarchy.
		Internal troop spetsnaz units fell under the control of the MVD in 1992, and they continue to be deployed to trouble spots and are among the most experienced and effective of all Russian forces in dealing with interethnic conflict.
		The minister of internal affairs was usually a member of the Central Committee but as of 1989 had never enjoyed membership on the Politburo.
	beyondheroes2.tripod.com /mbr.htm (4121 words)

	Russia - MVD and OMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Until 1990 Russia's regular militia was under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union.
		However, after 1990 the redirection of MVD resources to the Internal Troops and to the MVD's new local riot squad s undercut militia reform.
		According to the Law on Internal Troops, issued in October 1992, the functions of the Internal Troops are to ensure public order; guard key state installations, including nuclear power plants; guard prisons and labor camps (a function that was to end i n 1996); and contribute to the territorial defense of the nation.
	www.calguard.ca.gov /ia/Russia/OMON-MVD.htm (1424 words)

	Kyiv Launches Far-Reaching Reform of Interior Ministry
		MVS Internal Troops were downsized after Ukraine became an independent state and some of its functions were assigned to the newly formed National Guard.
		The plan to re-name the Internal Troops as a Republican Guard is a throwback to the 1990s, when the National Guard was modeled on West European paramilitary formations, such as the Italian Carabineiri, French CRS, and Spanish Republican Guard.
		Along with renaming the MVS Internal Troops, the divisions that currently guard prisons (as they did in the USSR) will be transformed into Western-style prison guards.
	eng.maidanua.org /node/192/print (946 words)

	Foreign Military Studies Office Publications - Russian Internal Troops and Security Challenges in the 1990s
		The September 1992 law entitled 'On the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs' defines their purpose: 'To defend the interests of the individual, society, the state, and the constitutional rights of citizens to be free from criminal acts and other illegal infringements'.
		Russia's MVD Internal Troops also have special motorized troop units which carry out missions in support of regional MVD organs but at the same time are part of the federal force--the operational troop reserve of the MVD, which includes, first and foremost, operational units of the Internal Troops.
		An Internal Troop grouping is created in a region, for example in Ossetia and Ingush, not only with the concurrence of the conflicting sides but also often at their insistence.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /documents/rusinttr.htm (6488 words)

	Internal Troops to Fulfil Any Order By Dictator :: Charter'97 :: News :: 01/02/2005
		If before that the internal troops were serving to the nation, and the president was an acting Supreme Commander-in-Chief, whose orders were not to be obeyed by internal troops when they executed police functions, in case when the orders contradicted the law, now everything has changed.
		In the directorate general of the Internal Troops of the Internal Ministry of Belarus an officer, who presented himself as one of the creators of the law, having heard that we are interested by the abovementioned amendments, changed his tune and said:
		After that we were told with reference to the directorate general of the Internal Troops of the Internal Ministry of Belarus, that the comments are to be done by competent authorities, and they won’t busy themselves with that.
	charter97.org /eng/news/2005/02/01/prikaz (783 words)

	Military Thought: Reforming the Internal Troops: Problems and Solutions
		The Internal Troops of the Russia Interior Ministry have covered a difficult path of development, demonstrating at each of its stages, subject to this country's economic and financial capabilities, an aptitude for a rapid switchover from one force level to another and for a change of priorities in job and combat duties.
		But, a thorough analysis of the present state of the Internal Troops will inevitably reveal a number of long-standing problems, whose solution or otherwise is able to influence in many respects the combat capabilities of large units (units) and the quality of missions they tackle.
		The said problems and negative tendencies in matters of support for the Internal Troops lead to a restriction of their combat capabilities and a reduction in the amount of assignments posed before them, which, in turn, may lead to a decline in the state's potential for ensuring its internal security.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/m0JAP/4_10/78839793/p1/article.jhtml (751 words)

	Military Thought: Command and control of troops in internal armed conflicts
		Nonetheless, a unified command, control and coordination system for such a grouping of forces (troops) from different agencies and departments does not exist in peacetime and is created with the outbreak of an armed conflict and is supposed to start functioning effectively within a short time.
		In the course of a special operation, command and control stations are re-deployed as necessary (in the event of re-deployment of troops or should the enemy uncover their location or should there be an immediate threat of strike against them).
		In deploying troops to a conflict area, communication with them is organized via the channels and lines of the Railways Ministry, transport aviation, the main landline communications facilities of military districts, and the state communications network.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_0/m0JAP/4_12/112321360/p1/article.jhtml (1168 words)

	Book Reviews
		In his view, the power of a government to request the intervention of foreign troops does not depend on a formal recognition of the government, but on substantive criteria related to its effectiveness, which he examines with respect to a number of constellations, including transitional governments and 'failed states'.
		In Nolte's opinion, freely and fairly elected governments are privileged in the sense that they may continue to be recognized even if their rule is no longer (or not yet) effective; this is supported by a number of examples from state and multilateral practice, such as the case of Haiti in 1994.
		He concludes that intervention upon invitation in internal conflicts therefore is a reality in international relations that has been recognized as lawful in the reactions of the international community.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol11/No4/br2.html (2305 words)

	Security Troops of the Committee for State Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Although Soviet sources did not specify the functions of these special troops, Western analysts thought that one of their main tasks was to guard the top leadership in the Kremlin, as well as key government and party buildings and officials at the republic and regional levels.
		The Security Troops also included several units of signal troops, which were reportedly responsible for installation, maintenance, and operation of secret communications facilities for leading party and government bodies, including the Ministry of Defense.
		Such troops were reportedly employed, along with the MVD's Internal Troops, to suppress public protests and disperse demonstrations, such as that of the Crimean Tatars in July 1987 and those in the republics of Armenia and Azerbaydzhan in March 1988.
	www.geocities.com /spyguy_tm/st.htm (248 words)

	ArcheoBiblioBase: Archives in Russia: C 8
		The Military Archive of the Staff of Troops was established in 1923 by order of the State Political Administration (GPU) of the Staff of Internal Troops for the collection and preservation of, and research in the records of internal troop units, and their utilization for scientific and practical aims.
		Moreover, this repository preserves the records of the Political Administration of the Internal Troops of the MVD SSSR and other political organs (1951-1991), as well as Party and Komsomol organizations in the separate units and regional (okruzhnye) administrations, and military depots.
		Access for military personnel and workers of the internal troops to archival documents is obtained by an official letter from the military unit or institution of the internal troops.
	www.iisg.nl /~abb/abb_c9.html (292 words)

	Opinion
		Soviet troops were involved in small size ambushes and were kept mainly in reserve to support Afghan troops in various operations.
		The airborne troops were used in coordination with ground offensive and mainly involved in blocking the retreat of resistance fighters or prevent their reinforcements.
		About 2,000 US troops are patrolling that area which is few miles from Pakistani border.47 Recently, in Spinboldak, near Pakistan border, about 80 fighters engaged in a firefight with US troops which resulted in killing of about 18 fighters.
	www.defencejournal.com /2003/apr/bear-eagle.htm (9629 words)

	Rustavi 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Today the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia officially transfers under the control of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia.
		Gogi Tatukhashvili, the Commander of the Internal Troops of Georgia will be appointed to the post of the Commander of the Land Forces of Georgia.
		Mikheil Saakashvili, the President of georgia, issues a decision on the transferring the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia under the control of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia on September 15, 2004.
	www.rustavi2.com.ge /view.php?id=9136 (137 words)

	DefenseLINK News: CENTCOM Troops 'Living Large' in Internal Look Exercise
		WASHINGTON, Dec. 5, 2002 -- Troops from the U.S. Central Command Headquarters in Tampa, Fla., may be in the tiny Persian Gulf nation of Qatar for only a few weeks, but they say they're "living large" while they're there.
		A CENTCOM official deployed to Qatar said troops there are happy with their working conditions in the deployable headquarters.
		News reports have speculated the exercise is a cover to set up a headquarters in the Gulf before military action against Iraq, but military officials stressed the need to test the new facility and the headquarters' ability to communicate throughout the CENTCOM area of responsibility, which includes Afghanistan as well as the Persian Gulf region.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Dec2002/n12052002_200212051.html (475 words)

	The MOUT Homepage
		During the period 2001-2005, the Internal Troops are to be transformed into the Federal Guard, which is characterized as a "Federal internal security police." Federal Guard forces will be assigned to regional commands and directorates that will replace the current MVD districts where Internal Troops are deployed.
		In fact, elaborate proposals to transform Internal Troops into a national-guard-type force that could better respond to Russia's domestic security concerns were advanced years ago without result.
		Faced with internal security challenges in Kashmir and elsewhere, the Indian army is interested in reducing its overall strength and using available revenue for force modernization.
	www.specialoperations.com /mout/specops.html (2541 words)

	Internal Organisation \| NZETC
		In addition, other troops were mobilised to man the coastal defence and anti-aircraft batteries, to act as camp and headquarters staff, guards of vital points such as hydro-electric stations and reservoirs, and later for a field force.
		Dental treatment for the mobilised troops in the coastal batteries, etc., was provided in Wellington and Christchurch by the respective mobilisation camps, but in Auckland there was a special dental hospital for this purpose.
		At a delightful camp at Narrow Neck on the north shore of the Waitemata harbour, a building, originally used as a dental hospital in the 1914–18 War, was reconditioned and again brought into service for one dental officer, orderly and mechanic.
	www.nzetc.org /tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Dent-c5-2.html (2150 words)

	FSB Does Not Descend to Terror
		Last summer the president received in the Kremlin 12 colonels of the Internal Troops who had become the heads of the new subunits.
		After the creation of the GrOUs many people decided that the Internal Troops would only be responsible for the strong-arm component of the war on terrorism, while the FSB would get down to tackling its real job -- intelligence and analysis.
		The impression is that, even before Beslan, people at the FSB had evaluated the prospects of the war on terrorism and decided to distance themselves from a war that cannot be won.
	www.agentura.ru /english/press/about/jointprojects/mn/terror (1321 words)

	BakuTODAY.net - Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Caspian news, links, maps etc.
		Duties of the Internal Troops are stipulated in the law on status of internal troops passed in 1994.
		The troops are obliged to safeguard security of important state objects, ensure public order, prevent mass disturbances and detain convicts that fled places of confinement.
		"Internal Troops have great possibilities and we will be able to resolve several important tasks during the course of war.
	www.bakutoday.net /view.php?d=14009 (455 words)

	Russian Armed Forces, Russian Military
		The Interior Ministry with its own army, the Internal Troops, is second from the top.
		The Internal Troops number over 200,000 servicemen and have light arms, light armored vehicles, and aviation (also light).
		There were the plans to up their numerical strength to 50,000 men but they collided with the general reduction tendency.
	www.cdi.org /Russia/184-6.cfm (608 words)

	1.JmA - NKVD troops in the front line
		In December 1942 an internal investigation was carried out within the 37th Army, resulting in a conclusion that the personnel of the 11th NKVD Rifle division committed atrocities and employed unbecoming measures, such as taking the hostages and executing them afterwards.
		Maslennikov’s troops broke through the Panther-Line in July 1944, and maintained heavy pressure on the Germans until the front was disbanded on the 16th of October 1944, and it was in July that Maslennikov was awarded the rank of Army General.
		However it should be remembered that since 1943 the NKVD troops returned to their original role of home security troops, whose primary objective was to secure Soviet power both in newly liberated areas and in the rear, so the participation of NKVD units in combat since 1943 should be rather treated as an exception.
	www.1jma.dk /articles/1jmaarticlesNKVD.htm (3356 words)

	BBC News \| South Asia \| India redeploys troops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Indian officials say regular troops have been withdrawn from internal security duties in Jammu and Kashmir so that they can be concentrated along the Line of Control separating Indian- and Pakistani-administered territory.
		Internal security duties will now be carried out by a separate army unit - the Rashtriya Rifles.
		The move follows a warning by the Indian army chief, General V.P.Malik, that a commitment to internal security might jeopardise the army's readiness for a conventional war.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/south_asia/373494.stm (517 words)

	Statute on the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Presidential Edict No. 1039 18 July 1996
		To approve the attached Statute on the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
		To allow the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation to have ten positions of deputy minister of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, including three first deputies and a collegium consisting of 19 persons.
		The system of the Ministry also includes the internal troops, which consist of internal troop districts, formations, and troop units, military educational institutions, institutions for supporting the activities of the internal troops, and administrative organs of the internal troops.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/docs/edict_1039.htm (2461 words)

	NKVD.ORG: The Memorial Page --- ÍÊÂÄ.OÐÃ: ÑÀÉÒ ÂÎÑÏÎÌÈÍÀÍÈß
		The NKVD (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) had been formed to control the militia (police), criminal investigation departments, fire brigades, internal troops, and prison guards.
		With the end of the civil war and the resulting period of stabilization, the Cheka was transformed, on 8 February 1922, into the GPU (State Political Directorate) which was subordinated to the NKVD.
		The KGB was subordinated to the USSR Council of Ministers, the Soviet Cabinet.
	www.nkvd.org /en/history.html (637 words)

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