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Topic: Internal combustion engine

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Compression heating ignition

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Diesel engine

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	Internal-Combustion Engine - MSN Encarta
		Four principal types of internal-combustion engines are in general use: the Otto-cycle engine, the diesel engine, the rotary engine, and the gas turbine.
		The Otto-cycle engine, named after its inventor, the German technician Nikolaus August Otto, is the familiar gasoline engine used in automobiles and airplanes; the diesel engine, named after the French-born German engineer Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, operates on a different principle and usually uses oil as a fuel.
		The fourth stroke, as in the Otto-cycle engine, is an exhaust stroke.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553622/Internal-Combustion_Engine.html (1602 words)

	Internal combustion engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber.
		Internal combustion engines can be classified by their configuration which affects their physical size and smoothness (with smoother engines producing less vibration).
		An engine's capacity is the displacement or swept volume by the pistons of the engine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Internal_combustion_engine (4128 words)

	internal-combustion engine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
		Such engines are classified as reciprocating or rotary, spark ignition or compression ignition, and two-stroke or four-stroke; the most familiar combination, used from automobiles to lawn mowers, is the reciprocating, spark-ignited, four-stroke gasoline engine.
		The composition of the mixture is regulated by the throttle, an air valve in the intake manifold that varies the flow of fuel to the combustion chambers of the cylinders.
		Four-stroke engines are lubricated by oil from a separate oil reservoir, either in the crankcase, which is a pan attached to the underside of the engine, or in an external tank.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/intern-co.html (1722 words)

	Internal-combustion engine - WOI Encyclopedia Italia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combustion of the fuel charge inside a chamber causes a rapid rise in temperature and pressure of the gases in the chamber, which are permitted to expand.
		Internal combustion engines can be classified by their configuration which affects their physical size and smoothness (with smoother engines producing less vibration).
		An engine's capacity is the displacement or swept volume by the pistons of the engine.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Internal-combustion_engine (2692 words)

	Internal Combustion Engine - Wikicars
		The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber.
		Internal combustion engines can be classified by their configuration which affects their physical size and smoothness (with smoother engines producing less vibration).
		An engine's capacity is the displacement or swept volume by the pistons of the engine.
	wikicars.org /en/Internal_combustion_engine (4269 words)

	sociology - Internal combustion engine
		Jet engines, most rockets and many gas turbines are classed as internal combustion engines, but the term "internal combustion engine" is often loosely used to refer specifically to a piston internal combustion engine in which combustion is intermittent and the products act on reciprocating machinery, the most common subtype of this kind of engine.
		In the broadest sense of the term, the internal combustion engine can be said to have been invented in China, with the invention of fireworks during the Song dynasty (some sources put the invention a thousand years earlier still).
		Engines based on the two-stroke cycle use two strokes (one up, one down) for every power stroke, relying on the action of the bottom of the piston within the crankcase to help move the fuel-air mixture, and are used where small size and weight are important, such as lawnmowers, mopeds, outboard motors and some motorcycles.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Internal_combustion_engine (1798 words)

	INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE,
		The diesel engine, invented by the German engineer Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, operates on a different principle and usually uses oil as a fuel; it is used in electric-generating and marine-power plants, and in trucks, buses, and some automobiles.
		In general the efficiency of such engines is determined by their compression ratio (the ratio between the maximum and minimum volumes of the combustion chamber), which is usually about 8 to 1 or 10 to 1 in these engines.
		The general principle of the two-stroke engine is to shorten the periods in which fuel is introduced to the combustion chamber and in which the spent gases are exhausted to a small fraction of the duration of a stroke instead of allowing each of these operations to occupy a full stroke.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=212770 (2429 words)

	Internal Combustion Engine
		The internal combustion engine was invnented by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir (Belgian Born).
		The engine had a horizontal cylinder; slide valves were used to draw in the fuel-air mixture; and it was double acting, the mixture being fed into the cylinder alternately at either end of the piston.
		The invention of the internal combustion engine made some of man’s most cherished dreams become reality: the aircraft, the motor car, the submarine, the tank and many other inventions before they could be born in there practical form.
	library.thinkquest.org /16541/eng/learn/library/content/int_comb_engine.htm (300 words)

	Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine
		This type of internal combustion engine is called a four-stroke engine because there are four movements, or strokes, of the piston before the entire engine firing sequence is repeated.
		The engine cycle begins with the intake stroke as the piston is pulled towards the crankshaft (to the left in the figure).
		Rapid combustion of the fuel releases heat, and produces exhaust gases in the combustion chamber.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/engopt.html (1353 words)

	Chapter 12 - Internal combustion engine
		The engine that moves it is one of the most fascinating and talked about of all the complex machines we use today.
		Thus, in internal combustion engines, the burning of fuel takes place inside the engine; that is, burning takes place within the same cylinder that produces energy to turn the crankshaft.
		combustion engine, the combustion takes place inside the cylinder and is directly responsible for forcing the piston to move downward.
	www.tpub.com /machines/12.htm (505 words)

	cars - Internal combustion engine
		Jet engines, most rockets and many gas turbines are classed as internal combustion engines, but the term "internal combustion engine" is often loosely used to refer specifically to a piston internal combustion engine in which combustion is intermittent and the products act on reciprocating machinery, the most common subtype of this kind of engine.
		Engines based on the two-stroke cycle use two strokes (one up, one down) for every power stroke, relying on the action of the bottom of the piston within the crankcase to help move the fuel-air mixture, and are used where small size and weight are important, such as lawnmowers, mopeds, outboard motors and some motorcycles.
		Technically this is a "rotary piston engine", to distinguish it from Wankel "rotary combustion engines".
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Internal_combustion_engine (1794 words)

	Internal combustion engine Summary
		The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber.
		The defining feature of an internal combustion engine is that useful work is performed by the expanding hot gases acting directly to cause movement, for example by acting on pistons, rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the entire engine itself.
		Generally internal combustion engines, particularly reciprocating internal combustion engines, produce moderately high pollution levels, due to incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel, leading to carbon monoxide and some soot along with oxides of nitrogen and sulfur and some unburnt hydrocarbons depending on the operating conditions and the fuel/air ratio.
	www.bookrags.com /Internal_combustion_engine (6547 words)

	Internal Combustion Engine - Wikicars
		The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber.
		The defining feature of an internal combustion engine is that useful work is performed by the expanding hot gases acting directly to cause movement, for example by acting on pistons, rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the entire engine itself.
		Internal combustion engines can be classified by their configuration which affects their physical size and smoothness (with smoother engines producing less vibration).
	www.wikicars.org /en/Internal_combustion_engine (4269 words)

	04.02.2001 - UC Berkeley researchers create world's smallest rotary internal combustion engine
		Like the engine in your car, the mini engine produces motion from controlled combustion, which takes place when a fuel such as gasoline is combined with oxygen and a spark in a chamber.
		Combustion acts to further rotate the rotor around the chamber, transferring force to the shaft that is attached to the rotor.
		Called a rotary engine or Wankel engine after its inventor, this engine design has not been as widely used as the piston-style engine found in most automobiles today, although the rotary did appear in the Mazda RX-7 and is reappearing in the concept cars of tomorrow.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2001/04/02_engin.html (693 words)

	internal combustion engine for power generation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Internal combustion engine is a fluid machine applicable as a heat engine.
		All heat engines of static pressure arrangements, it is necessary to provide a working vessel- the volume of which is capable of variation, work being done on a moving portion of walls (known as pistons) by the static pressure of working fluid as its volume increases.
		It is evident when investigating the cycle of internal combustion engine, only 40% or lesser amount of heat energy is converted in to useful work and the major part of energy is dissipated as losses.
	www.geocities.com /ljaya6390/cengine.htm (807 words)

	TRICE; True Rotating Internal Combustion Engine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The engine is designed to incorporate water injection into the combustion chamber to utilise the high temperatures associated with the generation of the initial pressure.
		Ironically this could mean that the engine is the ideal unit to power "hybrid" cars which have a constant speed internal combustion engine which is re-enforced with electric power when accelerating, and also charges the battery.
		However this is a blind alley as the same internal combustion engine is slowly poisoning the planet with its emissions, some of which are directly harmful to humans due to their being carcinogenic, others which are indirectly lethal due their contribution to global warming and / or the destruction of the protective ozone layer.
	www.archerengine.dabsol.co.uk /future.htm (1048 words)

	Internal Combustion Engine
		It might also be possible to lay the engine sideways and mount two pistons on the same rod thereby creating a size minimized eight cylinder engine (all pistons running on the same sine track).
		Here, fluid is pumped by the engine and sent back for repumping while sliding 'vanes' change the gear ratio as the housing is moved relative to the fixed output shaft.
		As fluid from the engine pump is allowed to enter a gear, the "self-return" port is closed and the "from-engine" port is opened.
	www.ebtx.com /motor/mech00.htm (1271 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 You and Yours - Triumph of Technology: Internal Combustion Engine
		An internal combustion engine is any engine that burns fuel inside the engine - cars, motorbikes, and many types of generator all make use of the internal combustion engine.
		The combustion of fuel in a confined space produces gases that are then directly put to work by the engine.
		The principle of the internal combustion engine was technically established by the advent of fireworks in the Chinese Song dynasty, but it was in 1826 that the American Samuel Morey received a patent for his reciprocating internal combustion engine.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/youandyours/technology_combustion_engine.shtml (183 words)

	CMS—The Internal Combustion Engine at Work (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Given the concerns over worldwide oil reserves and greenhouse gases, it is not surprising that considerable research is devoted to increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, especially for the automobile, a major consumer of petroleum and source of carbon dioxide emissions.
		Before this project began, engine researchers everywhere were certain that a major source of unburned hydrocarbon emissions was the extinguishing of the flame as it approaches the relatively cold walls of the cylinder.
		In the HCCI engine, fuel is homogeneously premixed with air, as in a spark-ignited engine, but with a high proportion of air to fuel.
	www-cms.llnl.gov /s-t/int_combustion_eng.html (3281 words)

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