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Internal Wave LaViolette and Arnone (1988) presented further measurements of internal waves in the Strait, together with simultaneous visual observations from aircraft and the space shuttle. The internal waves are believed to be generated by the tidal flow over Camarinal Sill at the western end of the Strait. They attribute the frequent generation of internal waves in the region of northwest of Taiwan to the upwelling induced by the Kuroshio intrusion (major western boundary current of the Pacific) at the Shelf break. www.whoi.edu /science/AOPE/people/tduda/isww/text/liu_p/liu_p.htm   (1056 words)

Oceanogr. Notes Chapter 10 wave speed depends on the period, with the longer period waves moving faster than the shorter period waves (and the longer period waves have the longer wave lengths). In contrast to surface waves in which horizontal particle velocities are largest at the surface and either decay quickly with depth (in deep water waves) or are independent of depth (in shallow water waves), horizontal water movement in internal waves is largest near the surface and bottom and minimal at mid-depth. The most common internal waves are of tidal period and manifest themselves in a periodic lifting and sinking of the seasonal and permanent thermocline at tidal rythm. www.es.flinders.edu.au /~mattom/IntroOc/notes/lecture10.html   (1199 words)

Water Waves: Description of internal wave modes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) As pointed out in the general discussion of internal waves, two distinct wave modes are possible for the simplest configuration formed by three layers comprised of a gas, light liquid, and heavy liquid. As a numerical example, we consider an internal wave corresponding to a density ratio similar to that of freshwater lying above seawater, a lower layer thickness of 140 m, and an upper layer thickness of 20 m, and a wavelength of 500 m. When the density difference across the internal layer is small, the ratio of the amplitudes of the upper to lower interfaces is proportional to the density difference. www.fluidmech.net /tutorials/ocean/intmode.htm   (466 words)

I. Introduction and welcome   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Wave 1 is the longest wave and wave 5 the shortest. Wave C has a length of at least 61.8% of wave A. It could be shorter in which case it normally is a failure, which foretells an acceleration in the opposite direction. Generally wave C is equal to wave A or travels a distance of 161.8% of wave A. Wave C often reaches 161.8% of the length of wave A in an Expanded Flat. www.quiknet.com /brett/The_Elliott_Wave_Principle.htm   (7192 words)

Internal wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Internal waves are gravity waves that oscillate due to the buoyancy force. Internal wave motions are ubiquitous in the ocean and atmosphere. Internal waves at tidal frequencies are produced by tidal flow over topography/bathymetry, and are known as internal tides. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Internal_wave   (324 words)

Elliott Wave Basics Wave C then undoes the work of wave B. There are also variations on the flat correction pattern, which include "expanded" flats (Elliott described them as "irregular") in which wave B tops well beyond the start of wave A, and wave C is substantially larger than A, generally by 1.618 or 2.618 the length. Wave Relationships: Two of the non-extended impulse waves (generally waves 1 and 5) will tend to be equivalent in length and time of formation, or will be related by a Fibonacci ratio (more on that in the next section). Waves 2 and 4 are also similarly related, as are Waves A and C. There are other guidelines identified by Elliott, Frost and Prechter, and it is important to note that all rules and guidelines operate at all wave degrees, whether intraday or over longer time-spans. www.market-harmonics.com /elliott_wave1.htm   (2033 words)

Oceanography: waves The continental shelf of 100m is a very shallow area for these waves and they rise, form steep crests and very large horizontal water movements, which over-run low lying areas, rip boats from their moorings and may bare the sea to a depth of 5m or splash against the coast to a height of 20-30m. Internal waves are a class of gravity waves to be found almost entirely under the surface. Internal wave amplitudes of tens of metres and periods of up to 12 hours have been measured in the open ocean. www.seafriends.org.nz /oceano/waves.htm   (8841 words)

Publications about 'Internal waves' Internal Gravity Wave : From instabilities to turbulence. Internal waves and turbulence in the upper central equatorial Pacific : Lagrangian and Eulerian Observations. Microwave Limb sounder observations of gravity waves in the stratosphere : A climatology and interpretation. gershwin.ens.fr /lesommer/bibliographie/Keyword/INTERNAL-WAVES.html   (697 words)

Matthew Alford's Research at the Ocean Physics Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington Lacking tides, internal waves in the Aegean should be forced primarily by the wind and in some places secondarily by low frequency flows, such as the eddies revealed by the drifter tracks in earlier studies by Don Olson. By installing a small line array from the basin to the plateau (figure 2), we observed whether changes in internal waves on the plateau were related to (primarily wind-forced) waves propagating onto the plateau from deeper water. Internal tides generated from surface-tidal flow past Oahu's Kaena Ridge and Makapuu point (figure 5) impinge upon Mamala Bay (outside the mouth of Pearl Harbor), leading to large internal tidal displacements (> 100 m) and currents (> 1 knot) at the M2 tidal frequency (12.4 hours). opd.apl.washington.edu /scistaff/bios/alford/alford3dplus.html   (893 words)

Mesoscale systems External waves are those propagating on a discontinuity surface such as an inversion; or, in regions where the gradient is strong enough to guide the propagation in a direction perpendicular to the gradient, a solitary wave. Internal waves propagate horizontally or obliquely to the density strata and, as the latter, transport energy to the upper atmosphere, producing clear air turbulence. Mountain waves are an example where, depending on the thickness of the layers and the intrusion of the mountain into the airstream, the reflected energy may return in phase with the following primary waves. www.auf.asn.au /meteorology/section7.html   (1367 words)

Internal Waves.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Since internal waves are not directly visible, they can only be detected by their surface signature and by direct measurements of the pycnocline or thermocline. Where the density interface is shallow enough to permit the internal wave crests to interact with the sea surface, the waves can be detected by the resulting increased roughness of the surface ocean. The evolution of internal waves and interaction of internal waves with other waves and structures in the horizontal plane is not understood and has been studied to only a small degree. ceprofs.tamu.edu /plynett/iw/internal.htm   (457 words)

Internal wave trapping and mixing in a cold water dome A cross-sectional nonlinear numerical model of a shallow sea basin containing a cold water dome is used to examine the influence of wind frequency and dome characteristics upon internal waves and mixing. The magnitude of the internal wave and the length of the dome are related to the horizontal distribution of density in the frontal region. At the inertial frequency there is little internal wave propagation, while at subinertial forcing frequencies the internal wave is trapped in the frontal region, and energy cannot radiate away. www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005JC003417.shtml   (336 words)

Session GD - Waves. A resonant triad of a single progressive surface wave and two oppositely travelling internal waves is considered, and all three waves are taken to be plane and parallel. We derive new nonlinear evolution equations for long internal waves in a two-fluid system, when the thickness of the lower layer is effectively infinite, by making the only assumption that the thickness of the upper layer is small compared with the characteristic wavelength. In the case of a small-amplitude wave, it is found that the vortex sheet of the interface merely diffuses into air and water, because of viscosity. flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSDFD96/abs/S910.html   (1431 words)

Aquarius This is a simulation of an internal wave passing over an undersea pinnacle in the middle of the Gulf of Maine. Internal waves that visit Conch Reef, the site of Aquarius and the current mission with Dr. Leichter, move from deep water toward the shallow reef and create "surf" when they start to break up on the forereef face of the reef. These breaking internal waves distribute cold water across the reef that is high in nutrients, larvae, and particles. www.uncwil.edu /aquarius/2003/08_2003/wavesim.htm   (295 words)

Waves The simplest system is a two wave train interference, however the real ocean is rarely so simple and interference patterns are typically the sum of many wave trains generated over many weeks from many directions. Internal waves are those which occur between a density interface at depth. Density differences along which internal waves propagate are sometimes very small and may be the result of a few ppt of salinity or a degree or two of temperature. www-ocean.tamu.edu /~wormuth/labhtml/waves.html   (666 words)

How large is "large scale"? The gravity wave speed is complicated by a variety of additional factors. The gravity wave speed, and thus the Rossby radius, increases proportionally with the depth of the disturbance. Waves corresponding to a variety of depths H may be generated by one disturbance. meted.ucar.edu /nwp/pcu3/cases/geoadj/howlarge.htm   (851 words)

Cary D   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Laboratory experiments are carried out to determine the nature of internal wave breaking and the limiting wave steepness for progressive, periodic, lowest-mode internal waves in a two-layer, miscible density stratification. The waves investigated here are long relative to the thickness of the density interface separating the two fluid layers. However, this instability is strongly temporally- and spatially-modified by the oscillations of the driving wave shear. www.stanford.edu /~carytroy/research/LongInternalWaves.htm   (261 words)

Water Waves: Comparison of internal wave speeds   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) The speed of the internal mode is denoted by the dashed line, the speed of the surface mode is denoted by the solid line, and the speed of an ordinary gravity wave propagation on water of the same total depth H as that of the two internal modes is denoted by the fl diamonds. Furthermore, the fact that the speed of the fast mode is approximately that of an ordinary gravity wave is clearly illustrated. As the density ratio approaches one, the internal wave speed approaches zero as the square root of the density difference and the fast wave speed approaches the ordinary gravity wave speed. www.fluidmech.net /tutorials/ocean/spdcomp.htm   (293 words)

ASTER Image Gallery: Internal Ocean Waves Internal waves are waves that travel within the interior of a fluid. The waves propagate at the interface or boundary between two layers with sharp density differences, such as temperature. The ASTER false-color VNIR image off the island of Tsushima in the Korea Strait shows the signatures of several internal wave packets, indicating a northern propagation direction. asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery-detail.asp?name=internal-waves   (108 words)

internal wave - Search Results - MSN Encarta - wave within water: a waveform that develops below the surface of a body of water where two water masses with different densities meet. Wave Motion, atoms behaving as waves, electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, history of discovery of electromagnetic waves, light waves,... Wave Motion, in physics, mechanism by which energy is conveyed from one place to another in mechanically propagated waves without the transference... encarta.msn.com /internal+wave.html   (154 words)

Metroactive Features | Tsunamis on the West Coast Waves roll gently onto the sand as Stacey bounces a cotton candy-covered three-year-old on her hip. The nature of a tsunami wave is such that speed and the distance traveled, not necessarily height, pose the greatest threat. Reports in 1923 describe waves "dashing and splashing against the bluff." The big one happened in 1946, when 15-foot-high waves drowned a man, pushed cars against houses, scattered boats and terrified townsfolk, especially fishermen who were in the harbor. www.metroactive.com /papers/metro/07.20.00/tsunami1-0029.html   (2727 words)

1996/97 Internal Waves on the Continental Margin The Internal Waves on the Continental Margin (IWAVES) experiment is an oceanographic study of internal waves on the continental slope and shelf. Describe the evolution of the internal wave field at it propagates from the deep ocean onto the continental slope and shelf. Determine whether a description of the internal wave spectrum on the shelf compares in generality and simplicity to the open ocean Garrett-Munk spectrum. www-ccs.ucsd.edu /iwaves   (457 words)

1.2.5 Boundary forced internal waves 1.9 shows the influence of cross-slope topographic variations on internal wave breaking - the cross-slope velocity is in color, the density contoured. The internal waves are excited by application of open boundary conditions on the left. Figure 1.9: Simulation of internal waves forced at an open boundary (on the left) impacting a sloping shelf. mitgcm.org /cmi_redir.php/boundary_forced_internal_waves   (138 words)

Nonlinear energy transfer within the oceanic internal wave spectrum at mid and high latitudes In experiment I, the energy spike stays at the lowest wave number, where it is embedded and the spectrum remains quasi-stationary after the energy spike is injected. This implies that as the high vertical wave number, near-inertial current shear is intensified, high horizontal wave number internal waves are efficiently Doppler shifted so that the vertical wave number rapidly increases and enhanced turbulent dissipation takes place. The elevated spectral density in the high vertical wave number, near-inertial frequency band, which plays the key role in cascading energy to dissipation scales, is thought to be caused by parametric subharmonic instability. www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JC001210.shtml   (354 words)

Internal Wave-Maker for Navier-Stokes Equations Models   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) A new method is developed to generate specific wave trains by using designed mass source functions for the equation of mass conservation, i.e., δu\di/δx\di = f (x,t), in the internal flow region. By using different source functions, the writers are able to generate various wave trains, including the linear monochromatic wave, irregular wave, Stokes wave, solitary wave, and cnoidal wave. This method has important applications of simulating wave-current interaction, wave shoaling on a relatively steep slope, and wave-structure interaction where wave reflection is significant. www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9902873   (209 words)

09-14-05 OSU SCIENTISTS IDENTIFY, TRACK HUGE "INTERNAL" WAVES The large waves are generally not seen at the surface, but their signature is - visible slicks and changes in surface roughness and color that scientists, sailors and commercial fishers have known about for years. Although a 20-meter internal wave may cause a tiny 2-centimeter 'bulge' on the surface, the surface slicks and whitecaps can be seen easily by pilots, showing up as long lines in the water stretching as much as 100 kilometers. Recognition of exactly how the waves are generated was made possible by new profiling instruments that measure water temperature, salinity, turbulence, biological fluorescence and sediment concentration every 1-2 minutes. oregonstate.edu /dept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Sep05/internalwaves.htm   (727 words)

Internal-Wave Modeling   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Internal waves are always present in the atmosphere and are found on a variety of space and time scales. Internal waves, and their dissipation, play an especially critical role in the mixing and circulation of the middle atmosphere (i.e. Ongoing work, in conjunction with the Naval Research Laboratory, is directed at the improved forecasting of mountain waves and associated turbulence, for purposes of both basic science and aviation safety. www.cpi.com /firstprinmod/internalwave.html   (186 words)

Internal wave focusing The dispersion relationship for small amplitude gravity waves shows that the direction of energy propagation depends only on the ratio of the wave frequency to the buoyancy frequency. However, for other basin shapes or frequencies, wave energy may be focused, through multiple reflections at the boundaries, into localised regions of the fluid. This project will extend previous work on internal wave focusing by the geometry of the basin to include the effects of non-uniform stratification. www.damtp.cam.ac.uk /user/fdl/phdprojects/internalwavefocusing.htm   (163 words)

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