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Topic: Internalized homophobia

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	Homophobia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Just as some people use the term "homophobia" to stress the association between prejudice and a fear or medical disorder, others Sexism, sexualism, heterosexism, heterosexualism, and "homosexualism" have been proposed as alternatives which are more morphologically parallel, and which do not have the association with phobia.
		The label of internalized homophobia is sometimes applied to conscious or unconscious behaviors which an observer feels the need to promote or conform to the expectations of heteronormativity or heterosexism.
		The word homophobia has come to describe any kind of opposition to homosexuality of any sort, but its interesting that part of their (homosexuals') goal was to shift the emphasis from what many perceived to be a homosexual problem, away from the homosexual activity itself, and towards the attitude people have about homosexuality...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homophobia (3560 words)

	PEER ADVISORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Internalized homophobia can be defined as the fear, hatred, or dislike of people believed to be gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered by individuals that are a member of one of those groups.
		Internalized homophobia often results from an awareness of the oppression, discrimination and harrassment that is experienced by gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgendered individuals by society.
		Cultural homophobia refers to the social standards and norms that are held by society that dictate that heterosexual behaviour is better than homosexual behaviour and that everyone should be heterosexual.
	www.umanitoba.ca /PeerAdvsr/info_homophobia.html (496 words)

	Internalized Homophobia
		Gay liberation theorists seized upon the concept of internalized homophobia to account for everything which they considered to be politically unacceptable in the ‘pre-Stonewall’ subculture, i.e.
		The precursor to the theory of internalized homophobia is the Freudian theory of homosexual masochism, which was held to be integral to homosexual neurosis vis-à-vis the Oedipus complex.
		Internalized homophobia is basically a psychanalytical concept taken over by sociologists.
	www.infopt.demon.co.uk /social17.htm (1929 words)

	UPJ - UCLA Undergraduate Psychology Journal
		Homophobia is pervasive and influences every individual in our society to differing degrees, regardless of their sexual orientation.
		Internalized homophobia was significantly associated with lower ratings of self-acceptance and less ability to disclose one’s sexuality to others.
		Further, internalized homophobia is expressed in similar ways within the lesbian and gay communities; its presence is positively correlated with negative self-evaluations and acceptance of popular, negative homosexual stereotypes (Cabaj, 1988 and Kahn, 1991).
	www.studentgroups.ucla.edu /upj/fall2003/brianbuzzella.html (5137 words)

	Gay & Lesbian Mental Health (Part 2)
		It would be a fairly easy leap from homophobia to paranoia, especially with today’s news headlines; and it would be easy for narcissism to prevail if the client became convinced that his or her homosexuality was the singly most important issue in his or her personal, social, and political life.
		There is internalized homophobia left to deal with, that has had a profound effect on my development and growth and has never been discussed in any therapy I have had.
		Internalized homophobia and resulting low self-esteem may cause Gay men to take undue risks such as entering dangerous cruising spots or neighborhoods that are known for anti-Gay violence.
	www.alaska.net /~fken/GayHealth_2.htm (6202 words)

	Measurement and correlates of internalized homophobia: a factor analytic study.
		We developed a scale to measure internalized homophobia in men who have sex with men, which is comprised of items derived from theoretical and clinical reports of internalized homophobia.
		Orthogonal factor analysis revealed four dimensions of internalized homophobia: public identification as gay, perception of stigma associated with being homosexual, social comfort with gay men, and the moral and religious acceptability of being gay.
		Internalized homophobia is measurable and consists of four dimensions that are associated significantly with low disclosure, shorter length of and satisfaction with relationships, lower degree of sexual attraction to men and higher degree of attraction to women, and lower social time with gay people.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/oct/M96A0608.html (442 words)

	Integration of one's religion and homosexuality: a weapon against internalized homophobia?
		Internalized homophobia as a psychological phenomenon has attracted little systematic research despite its destructive impact on the mental health of the gay community.
		This study looks at the relationship between internalized homophobia and the process of integrating one's religious faith and homosexuality by comparing levels of internalized homophobia among male participants of Dignity, an organization of Catholic gay men and lesbians, with a community sample of gay men with Catholic backgrounds.
		While results showed no significant differences between the groups with regard to level of internalized homophobia, there are suggestions that involvement in Dignity does foster positive attitudes towards one's homosexuality by helping to overcome a delay in the development of a gay orientation.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1994/sep/M9490542.html (466 words)

	Gianna E. Israel Gender Library: Internalized Homophobia
		Internalized homophobia in contrast to external homophobia comes from within and is targeted toward oneself.
		Then, there is an internalized statement of I could never be or act the way they do.
		One thing which may be helpful in resolving internalized homophobia, is to take a step back from yourself mentally and consider how your appearance, ideas and behaviors compare to others in your new or self-determined gender identity.
	www.firelily.com /gender/gianna/int.homophobia.html (923 words)

	The Daily Californian
		Internalized homophobia is when a gay person is so afraid to come out-of the closet, that is-that they resort to overt homophobia.
		People dealing with internalized homophobia are so scared that they will be associated with the "negative" image of queer people they have in their minds, that they utilize homophobia to steer clear of queer individuals.
		What I'm trying to say here is that internalized homophobia is extremely dangerous to the individual and to the queer community.
	www.dailycal.org /printable.php?id=4538 (855 words)

	Research Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Internalized homophobia in the partner will be negatively associated with the individual's disclosure status.
		Respondents' internalized homophobia scores were low (an average of 1.6 on a five point scale).
		Findings indicated that, at the individual level, having a workplace nondiscrimination policy and less internalized homophobia were positively associated with the extent to which an individual was out at work.
	www.uky.edu /~pol164/couplesurvey-results.htm (1291 words)

	Support for gays must start from within oneself (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Some people may be scratching their heads, trying to figure out the term "internalized homophobia." A friend of mine summed it up as homo-homophobia.
		The most evident case of internalized homophobia is usually those more masculine gay men making fun of those more evidently effeminate men.
		Battling internalized homophobia is not an easy task, and yet it's something that many queer people ignore or refuse to acknowledge.
	www.usc.edu /student-affairs/dt/V133/N31/03-uber.31d.html (500 words)

	University of Manitoba: Equity Services - Homophobia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Interpersonal homophobia is the fear, hatred, or dislike of people believed to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or two-spirited.
		Internalized homophobia often results from an awareness of the oppression, discrimination and harassment that is experienced by gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered or two-spirited individuals by society.
		Sometimes, in an effort to pass as "straight" or "normal", or as an act of self-hatred, internalized homophobia can be expressed verbally through insults, physically through violence or harassment or through individual acts of discrimination.
	www.umanitoba.ca /equity/allies/homophobia.html (441 words)

	MacAddict Forums / Internalized homophobia, hypocrisy in anti-gay politics
		Sadly, maddeningly, when such a person is in a position of power, their behavior can also be destructive to other gays and lesbians whose lives are vulnerable to the anti-gay politics the individual may be promoting.
		Internalized homophobia is the enemy within that attacks our natural drive to grow and be healthy and whole.
		That's internalized homophobia, and you are letting it take root and grow by agreeing to be silenced.
	www.macaddict.com /forums/post/981486 (2616 words)

	AlterHéros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The idea that sexuality is a choice we’re just not strong enough to resist, combined with the conditioning of our childhood and the expectations of our parents and surrounding social environment can create feelings of self-directed hatred, specifically towards the sexual aspect of ourselves.
		Internalized homophobia can mark our lives by leaving us in denial about our basic desires and feelings.
		Internalized homophobia doesn’t stop when we finally accept who we are and what we want.
	www.alterheros.com /english/dossier/Print.cfm?InfoID=273 (223 words)

	[No title]
		Internalized homophobia leads to rejection and loathing of the self.
		Internalized homophobia is the product of societal prejudices and anti-GLBTT biases that have impinged upon you for much of your life.
		Just as homophobia has been learned and internalized, it can also be “unlearned” and opposed.
	www.rainbowresourcecentre.org /documents/ComingOut.doc (505 words)

	The Center :: Internalized Homophobia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Generally labeled “internalized homophobia,” many men and women of homosexual orientation experience some of the same negative attitudes towards homosexuality as their heterosexual counterparts.
		Some psychological research suggests that “internalized homophobia” is a normal part of the process of “coming out”; (Forstein, 1988; Maylon, 1982; Shidlo, 1994).
		Internalized homophobia is not fully understood as of yet.
	www.lgcsc.org /internalized.html (515 words)

	Conference Process Note: Confronting Internalized Homophobia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Internalized homophobia is a continuing obstacle to our ability to fully address HlV and AIDS issues related to gay and bisexual Latino men.
		Even at this conference, among a group of highly intelligent, aware, and sensitive researchers and service providers, the internalized homophobia which plaques all of us limited the amount of attention and detail given to issues concerning these two high-risk populations.
		We recognize that internalized homophobia is a problem which continues to hinder our progress in the fight against AIDS, and so we encourage all researchers, service providers, and medical practitioners to carefully self-examine how they address and deal with issues pertaining to gay and bisexual Latino populations.
	latino.sscnet.ucla.edu /research/aids/conf/confnote.htm (454 words)

	[No title]
		From: ae606@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Victoria Edwards) Mostly Lesbian Bibliography Confronting Internalized Homophobia Margolies, Liz, Martha Becker and Karla Jackson-Brewer, "Internalized Homophobia: Identifying and Treating the Oppressor Within" in Lesbian Psychologies: Explorations and Challenges, Boston Lesbian Psychologies Collective, eds.
		Sophie, Joan, "Internalized Homophobia and Lesbian Identity" in (1987) Journal of Homosexuality, pp.
		Strategies to reach the goal of promoting self-acceptance and reducing internalized homophobia are explained.
	www.ncf.carleton.ca /freenet/rootdir/menus/sigs/life/gay/study/biblio2 (2512 words)

	Therapist Joe Kort - Do Your Homo-Work: An Assessment of Personal Homophobia
		Homophobia, an unrealistic fear of gays/lesbians, affects all of us in this culture — straight and gay alike.
		Gays and lesbians experience internalized homophobia as a result of growing up in a culture that allows/encourages discrimination against homosexuals.
		Internalized homophobia can cause or contribute to lowered self-esteem, intense shame, chemical dependency, and a generalized alienation from one’s true self.
	www.joekort.com /articles57.htm (420 words)

	Abstract2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This study explored the level of self-esteem and internalized homophobia in South Asian gays and lesbians.
		In this sample of 34 gay, lesbian and bisexual identified South Asians, the study revealed that an inverse relationship existed in correlation between internalized homophobia and self-esteem; in that as the level of internalized homophobia decreased, the level of self-esteem increased.
		The findings also indicated a statistically significant strong negative correlation between the age when the respondent arrived to the United States and their self-esteem; in that the younger the age of the respondent upon their arrival to the United States, the higher their self-esteem level.
	www.csulb.edu /web/depts/socialwk/News/Poster/S_Husainy.htm (172 words)

	The Haworth Press Online Catalog: Article Abstract
		In addition, internalized homophobia was significantly related to lower levels of self-esteem, to lower levels of self-concepts of physical appearance and emotional stability, and to higher levels of sex guilt.
		Post hoc regression analysis revealed that perceived level of repression against homosexuals predicted internalized homophobia and sex-guilt, which were mediator variables to the resolution of HIF.
		This research supports theory, that suggests internalized homophobia is a major developmental difficulty in gay men.
	www.haworthpressinc.com /store/ArticleAbstract.asp?ID=30383 (315 words)

	Internalized Homophobia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whereas I believe that yelling "homophobia" every time someone criticizes the stupid behavior of any given Sodomite individual trivializes REAL instances of prejudice and discrimination, and...
		Whereas I believe that "homophobia" (internalized or otherwise) is a stupid and imprecise term.
		Therefore, be it resolved that Planet SOMA and The Other Stream are now officially recognized "zones of internalized homophobia".
	www.otherstream.com /rants/homophobia.html (326 words)

	Internalized Homophobia
		If you doubt this is a sign of homophobia, consider that no one would ever suggest a sexual experience is necessary to confirm heterosexual feelings.
		There are obviously many different levels of fear involved in homophobia, as well as different ways in that all of us best address our own issues.
		With all of societies messages -- both past and present -- I doubt that any of us are completely free from internalized homophobia.
	www.lesbianworlds.com /articles/health/050101.htm (826 words)

	In and out of closet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our invisible enemy has penetrated the psyche of many gay and lesbian people in the form of internalized homophobia which is the shame gay and lesbian people experienced growing up in an anti-gay society and homophobic families.
		Common self-destructive behaviors among gay people who never have worked through their internalized homophobia include but are not limited to compulsive unprotected sex, substance abuse, and domestic violence.
		Every gay person can benefit from participating in a psychological process in which he or she can work on dealing with issues related to internalized homophobia.
	www.iraniangaydoctors.com /article25.htm (518 words)

	Study Says Gay Body Image Concerns Related To 'Minority Stress'
		The report, "Body Image Concerns of Gay Men: The Roles of Minority Stress and Conformity to Masculine Norms," was published by Sara B. Kimmel (Harvard) and James R. Mahalik (Boston College).
		It is defined as stress related to societal stigma, internalized homophobia, and fear of violence.
		The researchers say the results of this study "indicated that all three minority stress factors (i.e., internalized homophobia, stigma, and an anti-gay physical attack) were significantly associated with both body image dissatisfaction and masculine body ideal distress.
	www.narth.com /docs/bodyimage.html (413 words)

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