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Topic: International Americas Cup Class

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	12-metre class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 12-metre class is a group of sailing vessels which, while not identical, are all designed to a particular formula, so as to make the boats involved in a competition roughly comparable, while still giving individuals the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs.
		When America's Cup racing resumed in 1958 after World War II, more economical vessels were desired to replace the huge and expensive J-class yachts that were raced in the 1930s; the 12-metre class was selected.
		In 1987, use of the 12-metre class was ended, switching to International America's Cup Class boats for the 1992 competition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/12-metre_class (360 words)

	Yachting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Whilst sailing's invention is prehistoric, racing sailing boats is believed to have started in the Netherlands some time in the 17th century, whence it soon made its way to England where custom-built racing "yachts" began to emerge.
		In 1851, a challenge to an American yacht racing club in New York led to the beginning of the America's Cup, a regatta won by the New York Yacht Club until 1983, when they finally lost to Australia II.
		Australia's 18-foot skiff class are the fastest monohull dinghies, reaching speeds of up to 40 kilometres per hour even in relatively light winds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yachting (664 words)

	America's Cup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The America's Cup is the most famous trophy in the sport of yachting, and the oldest active trophy in sports.
		The cup is awarded to the winner of a match of up to nine races between yachts representing the yacht club which is the holder and a challenger.
		London's Garrards silversmiths, who had built the cup in 1848, painstakingly repaired the trophy to its original condition over 3 months, free of charge, simply because it was the America's Cup.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/am/Americas_Cup.html (1469 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Other Sports \| Sailing \| Americas Cup \| History \| History on the high seas
		America will be looking to redress the balance of power in 2003 in a set of races that will determine whether the tide has turned in yachting's premier event for good.
		America's Cup yachts, be they schooners, 90-footers, J-boats, 12-metre boats or the present International America's Cup Class, have always been at the pinnacle of sailing technology.
		America will be out to stop them in their tracks, but must first contend with the Louis Vuitton Cup series that was set up in 1983 to determine the challenger.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/other_sports/sailing/americas_cup/history/2196097.stm (688 words)

	America Cup eng
		international yacht race, in which individual yacht crews compete for the right to represent their home countries in either a challenge or a defense of the event's trophy.
		In 1857 the cup was presented to the New York Yacht Club, to be held as a world trophy; thereafter it was known as the America's Cup.
		In 1995 Mighty Mary became the first yacht with a predominantly female crew to compete for the America's Cup, but it and another yacht, Young America, were defeated in the defender races by Stars and Stripes (a new boat, not the 1988 catamaran).
	www.architektura-cg.de /Home_Englisch/Schiffsmodelle1_Englisch/Schiffsmodelle2_Englisch/America_Cup_eng/america_cup_eng.html (740 words)

	John Welsford -A design puzzle
		I mentioned in passing a couple of times recently that reduction of pitching was for me a major consideration in designing a particular boat, and commented in a bit about the International Americas Cup Class boats that they have similar issues.
		Americas Cuppers (I know I go on about them, but we've the Louis Vuitton Americas Cup Challenger series round three starting tomorrow about 2 hours drive from where I am, and they are amazing boats regardless of what you think of the money and hype that surrounds the whole thing).
		The more water she has to push and pull in and out as this happens and the further the boats centre of bouyancy moves as she changes trim fore and aft, the more damping of motion there is going on, the Americas Cuppers rely in part upon a very flat overhanging stern to do this.
	www.duckworksmagazine.com /03/r/columns/welsford/010/john.htm (1284 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Other Sports \| Sailing \| Americas Cup \| History \| The modern era
		America's domination was finally broken in the closest contest in Cup history after Australia won through the first Louis Vuitton Cup for the right to challenge the hosts.
		The 27th Cup meeting was widely considered to be the low point in the history of the America's Cup.
		And the reputation of the America's Cup was boosted by Bill Koch leading America to a memorable victory.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/other_sports/sailing/americas_cup/history/2218938.stm (710 words)

	Americas Cup
		The "State of the America's Cup" press conference will be hosted by the well known "voice of sailing" Peter Montgomery from New Zealand, and will be a suitable curtain raiser to the Colorcraft Gold Cup, in which all these skippers are participating.
		Later, he organized the purchase of two International America's Cup Class boats for British owners and is instrumental in building interest in an UK challenge for the Cup.
		The 80 foot America’s Cup boats carry a working crew of 16, but are permitted to take a "17th man" purely as a passenger, who can take no part in the sailing of the boat, or talk to the crew during a race.
	www.lcsc.org.uk /news/americas99_latest.htm (6159 words)

	America's Cup History
		The America's Cup has captured the hearts and minds of yachting enthusiasts for over 150 years.
		In the 149 year history of the America's Cup, New Zealand is the first nation outside of the United States to successfully defend the trophy.
		The Cup has only ever left the United States twice, the first time in 1983, when Australia broke the New York Yacht Club's 132-year monopoly, the second in 1995, when Team New Zealand wrested it away from the San Diego Yacht Club.
	www.newzealand.com /travel/sights-activities/events-calendar/americas-cup-feature/about-americas-cup/americas-cup-history.cfm (674 words)

	Looking back on the 2003 America's Cup
		While Auckland's Waitemata Harbour is home to many small-boat regattas, the America's Cup was sailed in the notorious Hauraki Gulf east of Auckland's North Shore between Rangitoto Island and Whangaparaoa Peninsula.
		The America's Cup regatta itself is a simple nine race, match race series (one-on-one) held at the end of a four month long challenger elimination series, the Louis Vuitton Cup.
		Each of the foreign yacht clubs that has launched a challenge against the holders of the America's Cup, meets each of the others several times resulting in several hundred races before the Louis Vuitton Cup is decided.
	www.cupineurope.com /LatestNews/AC-Sheet-LN.htm (468 words)

	CNN.com - America's Cup could return to UK - January 8, 2001
		America's Cup could return to UK The largest sailing programme in the world is planned for Cowes this summer
		The cup is a half-size version of the world's top yachting trophy which -- with two race exceptions -- has resided in the New York Yacht Club since it was last seen in Britain by Queen Victoria, who watched British sailors lose it to their U.S. competitors.
		Now there is fevered excitement among the European yachting fraternity that the cup could be returning to Britain -- temporarily -- for the America's Cup Jubilee celebrations -- the 150th Anniversary of that inauspicious day for British yachtsmen.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/UK/01/07/cowes.yacht (634 words)

	International Crew - Captains Quarters - America's Cup Model Collection
		An Abordage America’s Cup model masterpiece is a source of endless pleasure and a sound investment enjoyed by numerous proud owners around the world.
		Italy is a two-time Louis Vuitton Cup winner, in 1992 with the Il Moro di Venezia challenge and in 2000 with the Prada challenge.
		The 1881 Americas Cup incontestable winner, Mischief was impressively faster and superior to her competitor, Atalanta, the Canadian Challenger.
	www.nauticalluxuries.com /php/index.php?sc=45 (468 words)

	bymnews.com
		According to the Protocol for the 32nd America’s Cup, for the 2007 season, teams must sail boats that were built in the country of the Yacht Club they are challenging through.
		The launching of a new boat is a major milestone for any America’s Cup campaign and of tremendous interest to fans and the other teams alike.
		As the boats in the America’s Cup are not ‘one-design’ or completely equal, the speed a boat acquires through its unique design characteristics is a major advantage a team can carry out on to the race course.
	www.bymnews.com /new/content/view/20639/82 (532 words)

	Book Review: The Story of the America's Cup 1851-2000
		The meat of the book is a historical account of each America's Cup race starting with the first one in 1851 and ending with the most recent one in 2000.
		For each race, the author lists the year in which the event took place, who the defender and the challenger were, the stats of the yachts (which yacht club sponsored them, the size of the yacht, who the captain and owner was, etc.), and a blow-by-blow description of each event and the various yachts involved.
		Some monumental moments in America's Cup history that are covered in the book include the first America's Cup competition which took place in London, England in 1851 as part of the World's Fair celebrations.
	shopping.preferredconsumer.com /books/americas_cup.html (767 words)

	Unique Canes \| Nautical \| America's Cup \| Shamrock
		Each Americas Cup Model is crafted by Abordage artisans from the Dominican Republic whom specialize in reproducing precise scale authentic boats.
		In a race around the Isle of Wight, America won with ease and her owners bore away the 100 Guinea Cup in triumph.
		The only successful defence of the America's Cup outside of the United States was in 2000, when Team New Zealand defeated the Prada Challenge of Italy by 5-0.
	uniquecanes.com /new/item_nautical_americascup_shamrock.html (299 words)

	Mercedes R-Class Meets America’s Cup Yacht Alinghi
		In Valencia it will encounter the Americas’s Cup yacht Alinghi, which is due to defend the title in the 2007 America's Cup.
		The result is a versatile and comfortable touring SUV on the one hand, and a Cup Racer uncompromisingly configured for maximum performance on the other.
		Mercedes-Benz is the "official supplier" to the Swiss America’s Cup Team Alinghi, which has established its base in a futuristic building – next to the other eleven teams - in the Spanish port of Valencia.
	www.worldcarfans.com /news.cfm/country/gcf/newsID/2060428.003/mercedes/mercedes-r-class-meets-america's-cup-yacht-alinghi (992 words)

	On The Bay
		The Star class was formally organized in 1922 and is considered one of the most successful sailing boats ever.
		To commemorate the Star class and to educate residents and visitors to Port Washington, the Nautical Center has restored a keel from an early Star boat, and has developed a plaque to accompany the keel.
		Bringing the Cup back to Newport will be fantastic, and we are very grateful to UBS for helping us make this event possible." The UBS Trophy, Rhode Island, will herald the first time that the sleek IACC class has raced off the famous shores of Newport.
	www.antonnews.com /portwashingtonnews/2003/12/26/sports (1102 words)

	Model Yacht.org - AC Class (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AC Class Measurement.xls - This is a MS Excel file of a form which contains the formula used in measuring A/C class yachts.
		The AC class yacht is the largest of the development class yachts, being 1/12 scale versions of the full-sized America's Cup class yachts.
		1.2 It is the intent of the AC Class Rule to produce model yachts which replicate the true-to-scale appearance, performance, and construction integrity of the America’s Cup yachts, to accurately measure the true performance potential of AC Class yachts, and to provide equitable model-yacht racing.
	www.amya.org /acclass.html (1827 words)

	Barbados (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Arawak people were the second wave of migrants, arriving from South America around 800.
		In the 13th century, the Caribs arrived from South America in the third wave, displacing both the Arawak and the Salodoid-Barrancoid.
		To work the plantations, slaves were brought from Africa; the slave trade ceased a few years before the abolition of slavery throughout the British empire in 1834.
	barbados.iqnaut.net (2454 words)

	Scuttlebutt: Archived Newsletters
		She finished two and a half hours after Boomerang and on corrected time was the handicap winner of Class 5 PHRF and PHRF overall.
		The repairs were authorized on Tuesday morning by the America's Cup Technical Director, pursuant to the class rules, and the work will be concluded today.
		Few have done so presumably because their sailors want to keep the sport as it is. The sport should not exclude a huge number of ardent small boat sailors from any chance of competing successfully because they are not able to rock, pump, scull etc. as some of our eager young athletes would like.
	www.sailingscuttlebutt.com /archived_Detail.asp?key=1104 (3156 words)

	IACC polar Diagram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This figure is a "generic" polar diagram for an IACC (International Americas Cup Class) boat.
		In wind of 7m/s (~14kts)The IACC boat is capable of an upwind VMG=4m/s (~8kts).
		Downwind in 14kts, it should be no contest, the IACC boat has a VMG of ~4.7m/s (9.4kts) over any course from 160 to 200 deg.
	www.anemomania.com /iacc/iacc.html (533 words)

	Tufts E-News -- Alum Eyes America's Cup
		Though it won't be awarded again until February of 2003, 1995 Tufts graduate Mark Mendelblatt is already focused on securing his place in history by taking home the Cup, considered by many to be the most revered prize in the world of international sailing.
		The America's Cup races will provide a change of pace for Mendelblatt, who has much more experience in smaller boats with crews of one to three people, rather than the 16-member boats he'll be sailing for the Cup.
		The Tufts sailor was also ranked the top American in the Laser Class, named U.S. Olympic Sailor of the Year in 1999 and qualified for the Olympic trials in 1992 and 1996.
	www.tufts.edu /communications/stories/062201EyeingTheCup.htm (360 words)

	America's Cup - East Coast Yacht Cruises
		His son, Felipe, sailed for Spain in the 1992 Olympics at Barcelona and the King was an honoured guest, and a distinguished competitor, at the America's Cup Jubilee in Cowes, England in 2001.
		BMW ORACLE Racing is the Challenger of Record for the 32nd America's Cup, representing Golden Gate Yacht Club of San Francisco, and the only American entry in the contest for sailing's most prestigious prize and the oldest trophy in international sport.
		Eleven teams from nine nations are challenging for the Cup, with the winning Challenger facing the Swiss Defender Team Alinghi in the 32nd America's Cup Match in June 2007 in Valencia.
	www.eastcoastyachtcruises.com /americas_cup.html (1823 words)

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