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Topic: International Biosphere Reserve

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	NGO Landscapes \| Planeta
		I suggest that the biosphere reserve model encourages the creation of 'NGO landscapes,' in which local cultural and political structures are replaced by NGO structures.
		Thus, the 1974 biosphere reserve model was designed to encompass a large circular area divided into a series of concentric zones--nuclear zone, multiple use zone, buffer zone--each having different ecological functions, uses, and management structures (Goodier and Jeffers 1981).
		A review of biosphere reserves created between 1974 and 1983 revealed that the research conducted at reserves was of an academic nature and did not address the source of environmental problems.
	www.planeta.com /planeta/97/1197maya.html (2406 words)

	Biosphere - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		From the broadest geophysiological point of view, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, with their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere (rocks), the hydrosphere (water), and the atmosphere (air).
		The concept of biosphere is thus from geological origin and is an indication of the impact of Darwin on Earth sciences.
		The biosphere is an important concept in astronomy, geophysics, meteorology, biogeography, evolution, geology, geochemistry, and generally speaking all life and earth sciences.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Biosphere (654 words)

	Biosphere reserve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biosphere Reserves are created by UNESCO under the Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB).
		According to “The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves,” biosphere reserves are created “to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between humans and the biosphere.” Under article 4, biosphere reserves must “encompass a mosaic of ecological systems,” and thus consist of combinations of terrestrial, coastal, or marine ecosystems.
		The design of the reserve must include a legally protected core area, a buffer area where non-conservation activities are prohibited, and a transition zone where sustainable practices are permitted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biosphere_Reserve (254 words)

	The Seville Strategy
		Biosphere reserves are "areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems, or a combination thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)" (Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves).
		Biosphere reserves should be used to further our understanding of humanity's relationship with the natural world, through programmes of public awareness, information, formal and informal education, based on a long-term, inter-generational perspective.
		Use biosphere reserves for basic and applied research, particularly projects with a focus on local issues, interdisciplinary projects incorporating both the natural and the social sciences, and projects involving the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, the conservation of soils and water and the sustainable use of natural resources.
	www.discerningtoday.org /szw_sty/7/members/Analyses/mab-sev.htm (4474 words)

	biosphere reserve - Encyclopedia.com
		Biosphere reserves: a challenge for biodiversity conservation & regional development.
		Biosphere reserve management in theory and practice: case of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, India.
		NGO landscapes in the Maya biosphere reserve, Guatemala.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O8-biospherereserve.html (390 words)

	Biosphere Reserve
		The biosphere reserve concept was key to achieving MAB's objective of striking a balance between conserving biodiversity, encouraging economic and social development, and preserving cultural values.
		Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems where, through appropriate zoning patterns and management mechanisms, the conservation of ecosystems and their biodiversity is ensured.
		Biosphere reserves are areas designated to provide examples of sustainable development, through integrating conservation, research, and the use of natural resources to meet human needs.
	www.friendsofkeji.ns.ca /biosphere_reserve.htm (411 words)

	The Seville Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Biosphere reserves are "areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems, or a combination thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)" (Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves).
		Biosphere reserves should be used to further our understanding of humanity's relationship with the natural world, through programmes of public awareness, information, formal and informal education, based on a long-term, inter-generational perspective.
		Use biosphere reserves for basic and applied research, particularly projects with a focus on local issues, interdisciplinary projects incorporating both the natural and the social sciences, and projects involving the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, the conservation of soils and water and the sustainable use of natural resources.
	www.sovereignty.net /p/land/mab-sev.htm (4474 words)

	Biosphere reserve Summary
		A biosphere reserve is an area of land recognized and preserved for its ecological significance.
		Biosphere reserves are established in the interest of preserving the genetic diversity of these ecological zones, supporting research and education, and aiding local, sustainable development.
		According to “The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves,” biosphere reserves are created “to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between humans and the biosphere.” Under article 4, biosphere reserves must “encompass a mosaic of ecological systems,” and thus consist of combinations of terrestrial, coastal, or marine ecosystems.
	www.bookrags.com /Biosphere_reserve (2377 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF SLOVAKIA The Slovak Republic, as a part of former Czechoslovakia, joined the implementation of the biosphere reserve concept at the very beginning.
		The proposal for the first Slovakian biosphere reserve was negotiated and approved both by the MAB National Committee and governmental authorities respectively in 1976.
		As is typical for most of the biosphere reserves declared in the seventies, delimitation of core areas and buffer and transition zones was completed only recently.
	www.mabnetamericas.org /brprogram/Reserves/Slovakia/reserves.txt (900 words)

	IDS - The Mammoth Cave Biosphere Reserve
		Major goals of the IBR system are the conservation of important biological resources, sustainable economic development, the support of environmental research and education and, perhaps most importantly, the creation of a framework or procedure to bring people together to achieve these goals (Fletcher, 1996).
		This directorate's main goal is to create a network of biosphere reserves that represent the biogeographical diversity of the United States as well as fulfilling the already established functions of an IBR.
		The U.S. Biosphere Reserve Directorate's other goals are: (1) to encourage cooperative partnerships among all the stakeholders involved in or living in the biosphere reserve area; (2) to acquire and integrate the knowledge necessary for sustaining biodiversity, cultural values, and viable economies within the ecosystem.
	www.wku.edu /geoweb/heritage/ids/biosphere.htm (1563 words)

	U.N. Biosphere Reserve Status for Clayoquot Sound? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A U.N. recognized Biosphere Reserve is an area where local people and other stakeholders agree to long-term cooperative research and land use management that achieves a balance between protection of biodiversity and sustainable use.
		To establish a Biosphere Reserve, a proposal, which must be ratified by all stakeholders, is forwarded to the UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB)Program in Paris.
		Designation is conferred only when all of the conditions of a Biosphere Reserve have been met, including adequate core protection, local involvement in management, rules to ensure ecolog-ically sustainable resource use and the cooperation of all stakeholders.
	www.wildernesscommittee.org /campaigns/rainforest/island/clayoquot/reports/Vol15No12/biosphere (1462 words)

	Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve: FAQs
		Biosphere Reserves are areas of land and marine environments, which are internationally recognized by the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) Man and the Biosphere Program.
		Biosphere Reserves have legally-protected core areas (which give long-term protection to landscapes and ecosystems),buffer zones (where activities are organized so they help support the conservation objects of the core areas), and zones of co-operation (where people work together to use the area's resources in a sustainable manner).
		Biosphere Reserves are internationally recognized for promoting and demonstrating a balance between people and nature through equal support and promotion of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
	www.clayoquotbiosphere.org /dev/faq/index.php (1661 words)

	International biosphere reserve in the Eastern Carpathians
		Two types of soil prevail in the biosphere reserve: brown forest soils that arose with the weathering of limestones and shists, and hydrogenic soils, occuring mostly in river valleys.
		Within the biosphere reserve, the vegetation of the Eastern Carpathians is characterized by specific altitudinal zones.
		The International Biosphere Reserve in the Eastern Carpathians serves not only to preserve the cultural and natural heritage of the region, but also as an area of local and international tourism.
	www.zb.eco.pl /gb/13/carpath1.htm (1619 words)

	Russia's Biosphere Reserves
		Biosphere Reserve zoning is merely a formality, and legislation is not adequate to protect the functions of Biosphere Reserve zones.
		The Biosphere Reserves in Russia also diverge from the international concept in their isolation from the socio-economic activities or structure of the surrounding region.
		Given the dual function of Biosphere Reserves in meeting both conservation goals and supporting local economic development, a system of zoning was developed to designate various levels of protection within the designated territory.
	www.russianconservation.org /biosphere.html (966 words)

	International Reserve Status for Mornington Peninsula Media Release 9 November 2002
		Dr Kemp said a Biosphere Reserve is one or more protected areas and surrounding lands that are managed by combining both conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
		The Mornington Reserve includes the whole of the Mornington Peninsula, part of Frankston, coastal areas of the City of Casey, Cardinia and Bass Coast including Phillip and French Islands with a combined area of 2142 square kilometres, approximately one third of which covers coastal areas and the waters of Western Port.
		A Biosphere Reserve is an international designation made by UNESCO on the basis of nominations submitted by countries participating in the Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB).
	www.environment.gov.au /minister/env/2002/mr09nov02.html (551 words)

	NPS: Nature & Science » Global Conservation: International Biosphere Reserves
		Biosphere reserves are internationally recognized terrestrial and coastal or marine areas where management seeks to achieve sustainable use of natural resources while ensuring conservation of the biological diversity of the areas.
		Biosphere reserves are nominated by national governments for inclusion in the world network of biosphere reserves.
		Forty-seven biosphere reserves are recognized in the United States, with 23 involving 30 units of the national park system.
	www.nature.nps.gov /globalconservation/biosphere.cfm (203 words)

	International Reserve Status for Mornington Peninsula Media Release 9 November 2002
		Dr Kemp said a Biosphere Reserve is one or more protected areas and surrounding lands that are managed by combining both conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
		The Mornington Reserve includes the whole of the Mornington Peninsula, part of Frankston, coastal areas of the City of Casey, Cardinia and Bass Coast including Phillip and French Islands with a combined area of 2142 square kilometres, approximately one third of which covers coastal areas and the waters of Western Port.
		A Biosphere Reserve is an international designation made by UNESCO on the basis of nominations submitted by countries participating in the Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB).
	www.deh.gov.au /minister/env/2002/mr09nov02.html (539 words)

	Island Vulnerability, Spratly Islands
		The features of a Transboundary Biosphere Reserve include: favoring cooperation and joint management; creating a regional management body mandated to protect and manage the common resources; recognizing the effort at the international level; and instituting the political will for claimants to cooperate and commit in order to meet the common regional need.
		Transboundary Biosphere Reserves provide a tool for a common resource management regime....In the region, cooperation appears to be more easily achieved in relation to joint exploitation of shared natural resources than in cases of disputed offshore territory.
		The formation of such a reserve is unlikely to be approved by the governments involved unless oil and natural gas reserves are deemed to be inaccessible or insufficient to make drilling economically feasible.
	www.islandvulnerability.org /spratlys.html (2519 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Challenging 'Biosphere Reserves'
		America's 47 Biosphere Reserves are only a part of a network of 328 reserves in 82 countries around the world.
		Today, the U.S. State Department publishes maps that show the reserve, including two types of buffer zones, to stretch from near Birmingham, Ala., to Roanoke, Va. Continual expansion of the core wilderness areas, as well as expansion of the buffer zones, is the published policy of the U.N. Biosphere Reserve Program.
		Henry Lamb is the executive vice president of the Environmental Conservation Organization and chairman of Sovereignty International.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=18780 (1085 words)

	Chapter 10 - The la Amistad biosphere reserve
		La Amistad International Park (Costa Rican Sector), Chirripó National Park, the Hitoy Biological Reserve, the Barbilla Biological Reserve, the Río Macho Forestry Reserve, the Tapanti Wildlife Reserve, the Las Tablas Protective Zone, and the indigenous reserves of Ujurras, Salitre, Cabegra, Talamanca, Tayní, Telire, Chirripó and the Wilson Botanical Garden.
		And, because of the nature of the development activities and the potentially binational character of the project, the use of mediation as the accepted methodology for solving land-use conflicts was and is a major objective.
		The direction of the "authority" would be rotated among the major actors within the Biosphere Reserve, and additional public and private institutions of both national and local jurisdiction would become members of the Commission as interest in the reserve grew.
	www.oas.org /dsd/publications/Unit/oea04e/ch12.htm (3474 words)

	Park Science--Volume 21(1)--Fall/Winter 2001--MAB Notes--(page 3 of 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Discussion of how to coordinate national biosphere reserve networks drew on presentations from China, Canada, France, India, Ukraine, Cuba, and Belarus that emphasized that coordinating structures need dedicated support if they are to achieve their functions of information exchange, project coordination and development, and fund-raising and advocacy.
		An examination of the linkage of biosphere reserves to decision making at the national level drew on examples from Cuba, Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Finland, and Germany and concluded that the biosphere reserve concept is not yet well appreciated at this level.
		The recommendations also urge MAB national committees to participate in developing national strategies for sustainable development, promote biosphere reserves as places in which nations can implement activities as part of international environmental programs, and encourage international exchange activities as a means of raising national awareness of and pride in a nation's own biosphere reserves.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /parksci/vol21/vol21(1)/06-3mabnotes.html (830 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas (1996)
		The idea of establishing a Biosphere Reserve in the Tatra Mountains originated in the 1980s in the National Park Councils of both the Polish and Slovak areas of the mountains.
		The latter are exemplified by the Eastern Carpathian International Biosphere Reserve between Poland and Slovakia and by the Bialowieza Biosphere Reserve between Poland and Belarus.
		An international collective under the auspices of COMECON charted the environmental situation from the Elbe to the Urals and to the south as far as the Balkans.
	books.nap.edu /books/0309055768/html/107.html (5398 words)

	Bibliographia - ïå÷àòíûå òðóäû î çàïîâåäíèêå
		Biosphere reserves and global monitoring stations /Kovda V.A., Kerzhentzev A.S., Zablotskaya L.V., Kostenchuk N.A. - In: 1st International Biosphere Reserve Congress.
		Distribution of microelements and trace metals in the ests of the Prioksko-Terrasny biosphere reserve /Zolotareva B.N., Ableyev M.Kh., Skripnichenko I.I., Shitova E.G., Zablotskaya L.V., Kerzhentsev A.S. - In: 1st International Biosphere Reserve Congress.
		Recherches radioecologiques en reserves naturelles en biosphere /Krivoloutski D.A., Taskaiev À.1., K.hotko E.I., Oussatchev B.L., Smirnova O.V., Mihaltsova S.A., Molodova L.P., Chouktomova I.I., Gorelov Yu.K. - In: 1st International Biosphere Reserve Congress.
	www.danki.ru /biblio.htm (2591 words)

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