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Topic: International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria

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	International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As such it is one of the Nomenclature Codes.
		A bacteriological code of nomenclature was approved at the 4th International Congress for Microbiology in 1947, but was later discarded.
		The next edition may be called the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Bacteria (139 words)

	Definitions and abbreviations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 Revision).
		ICSP: ¤ International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes.
		The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria) is an official publication of the ¤ International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (formerly the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology) [Article 12 of the Statutes of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology].
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /foreword.html (11744 words)

	Nomenclature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nomenclature is a system of naming and categorizing objects in a given category.
		The names he coined for the last two categories were the start of present day botanical and zoological nomenclature, codified in the ICBN and ICZN.
		The Russian expression nomenklatura (like "nomenclature", the word derives from the Latin nomenclatura — "name-calling") refers to a system of government patronage used in many countries under Communist rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nomenclature (213 words)

	How animals are given scientific names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There are three main Codes of Nomenclature: the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, covering animals; the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, covering plants (including fungi); and the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.
		Hugh Strickland presented a Code of nomenclature to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Charles Darwin was on its committee).
		At the 17th Congress of Zoology in Monaco, responsibility for future Codes was transferred from the International Zoological Congresses to the International Union of Biological Sciences.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/animal_nomenclature.htm (3011 words)

	PhyloCode Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Under the preexisting codes, it is often difficult to name clades one at a time, the way that new species are named, because a taxon name is affected by its rank, which in turn depends on the ranks of more and less inclusive taxa.
		In order to indicate which names are established under this code and therefore have explicit phylogenetic definitions (and whose endings are not reflective of rank), it may be desirable to distinguish these names from supraspecific names governed by preexisting codes, particularly when both are used in the same publication.
		The codes of biological nomenclature that were in operation when the PhyloCode was drafted (1997-2000)--specifically, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature.
	www.ohiou.edu /phylocode/printable.html (12337 words)

	Principles of nomenclature of zoological taxa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unlike the provisions of ICZN (see I.3.3.1) and other international codes, the rules suggested here for rank-based names of higher taxa (I.3.3.2), hierarchy-based names (I.3.4) and circumscription-based names (I.3.5) are not official and thus not mandatory.
		This nomenclature is of no practical use, since no criteria of name availability have been formulated (about the importance of availability criteria see I.3.1.1), and it is hard to imagine what such criteria might be.
		Phylogenetic nomenclature as suggested by some authors (not cited here because of their poor knowledge of nomenclatural principles) violates the ICZN: phylogenetic nomenclature takes family names generated according to the ICZN rules of ranking nomenclature (see I.3.3.1 below) are use them under entirely different set of rules.
	www.bio.pu.ru /win/entomol/KLUGE/zoo-name.htm (12154 words)

	International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) - Article 54 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(a) Later homonyms of the names of taxa once treated as plants are illegiti-mate, even though the taxa have been reassigned to a different group of organisms to which this Code does not apply.
		32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of this Code, is illegitimate if it becomes a homonym of a plant name when the taxon to which it applies is first treated as a plant (see also Art.
		The International code of nomenclature of bacteria provides that a bacterial name is illegitimate if it is a later homonym of a name of a taxon of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, or viruses.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/code/Art_54.htm (158 words)

	PBIO 450 Lecture Notes -- International Code -- Spring 1998: Preamble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The nomenclature of these organisms is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.
		Taxonomic rationale are not governed by the Code and taxonomists and systematists are free to arrive at their own conclusions as to the circumscription or definition of a taxon.
		Nomenclatural matters are governed by the Code and all conclusions must be based on provisions in the Code.
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/pbio/WWW/ICBNpreamble.html (574 words)

	Biological Nomenclature - McNeill: The BioCode: Integrated bionomenclature for the 21st century?
		Biological nomenclature, the principles and procedures governing the scientific names of organisms (animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, etc.) and also of viruses, is vital for all scientific communication.
		Anyone who has used our existing codes to try to determine the application of many of the old and little used names published in eighteenth and early nineteenth century literature will recognize how time-consuming a thorough nomenclatural investigation under the terms of the existing codes must be.
		In the light of these nomenclatural problems that are particularly serious for protists, some have suggested a new and separate code of nomenclature for protists (see Corliss [1993] for references).
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/pbio/nomcl/mcne.html (3128 words)

	List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature
		It is extensively annotated to clarify the Rules which govern the scientific nomenclature.
		The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code) contains General Considerations, Principles, Rules and Recommendations which govern the way in which the names of bacteria are to be used (see: Definitions and abbreviations).
		The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision) is the cornerstone of bacterial nomenclature.
	www.nbii.gov /metadata/mdata/htmlfiles/tax_d_bacterialist.html (1854 words)

	Appendix 2. Functional classes of TAXON scientific names.
		There are several codes of nomenclature that regulate the description and use of names in different branches of the tree of life.
		These are: the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB), and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN).
		The viral code is less well developed than the others, but it includes an official classification for the viruses as well as a list of approved species names.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=handbook.section.317 (1782 words)

	PhyloCode Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A name that is published in accordance with Article 7 of this code, which may or may not be an acceptable or accepted name.
		The codes of biological nomenclature that were in operation when the PhyloCode was drafted (1997-2000)—specifically, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature.
		In this code, a synapomorphy is a shared, derived character state inherited from a common ancestor that possessed that state; a shared, independently derived character state is not considered to be a synapomorphy in the sense the term is used in this code.
	www.ohiou.edu /phylocode/glossary.html (1609 words)

	The Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States, features of the organism
		Ehrlichiae are small, gram-negative bacteria that primarily invade leukocytes (white blood cells), the same cells which fight disease by destroying microorganisms that enter the body.
		In the leukocytes, ehrlichiae divide to form vacuole-bound colonies known as morulae (plural for morula, which is the Latin word for mulberry, referring to the mulberry-like clustering of the dividing organisms).
		The names of the latter organisms are enclosed in quotation marks because they have not been formally proposed and accepted according to the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, Bacteriological Code.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia/Organisms/Organism.htm (415 words)

	GBIF portal: Codes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Draft BioCode (1997): the prospective international rules for the scientific names of organisms
		International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria: Bacteriological Code, 1990 Revision
		The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature
	www.gbif.org /links/nome/Codes/index_html?pp=1 (31 words)

	About us [The International Organization for Mycoplasmology]
		The International Organization for Mycoplasmology (IOM) was founded in 1976 as a nonprofit organization and exists to promote the cooperative international study of mycoplasmas (Mollicutes) and mycoplasmal diseases and to disseminate knowledge about their characteristics, effects, transmission, and control.
		Among them are the IOM's sponsorship of biennial international scientific congresses, publication of its scientific proceedings, awarding international travel grants for students to attend its meetings, supporting workshops for the study of mycoplasmal techniques, publishing a quarterly newsletter and now a home page on the Internet.
		To advance mutual goals and interests, the International Research Program of Comparative Mycoplasmology (IRPCM)(formerly a consultative group sponsored by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) was affiliated with the IOM in 1986.
	mycoplasmas.vm.iastate.edu /IOM/general/who.html (405 words)

	DSMZ - Microorganisms >Bacterial Nomenclature
		Queries relating to nomenclature or taxonomic interpretation may be addressed to Brian J. Tindall.
		The naming of bacteria is controlled by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Lapage et al., 1992).
		BACTERIAL NOMENCLATURE UP-TO-DATE is a compilation of all bacterial names which have been validly published since January 1 1980 and nomenclatural changes which have been validly published since.
	www.dsmz.de /microorganisms/main.php?contentleft_id=14 (567 words)

	International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
		Latin plant names appearing in the body of the Code plus Appendix I are listed at the end of the Subject index, in a special section: the "Index of scientific names".
		- code of nomenclature for cultivated plants Pre.
		8, 28.N. code of nomenclature of bacteria Pre.
	www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de /iapt/nomenclature/CODE/SaintLouis/0117SubjIndx.htm (895 words)

	A proposal for further integration of the cyanobacteria under the Bacteriological Code -- Oren 54 (5): 1895 -- ...
		Code, and the dual nomenclature system causes considerable confusion.
		Prokaryotes in the nomenclature of the cyanobacteria under the
		Abbreviations: ICBN, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; ICNB, International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria; ICSB, International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology; ICSP, International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes; IJSB, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology; IJSEM, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/54/5/1895 (304 words)

	bacteria
		Plasmids Organelles Viruses Viroids Plasmids Bacteria genomes Taxonomy/List"40 Bacteria Aquificales-Aquifex
		Buchanan RE (1918) Buchanan, R. E.'Studies in the nomenclature and classification of the bacteria.
		Genome Plasmids unfinshed Bacteria Genome Plasmids unfinshed Eukaryota Genome Plasmids Organelles Viruses
	freesense.free.fr /Bacteria/c/2.htm (2259 words)

	[No title]
		Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: bacteria Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Taxonomic_Keywords: bacteria Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Bacteriological Code Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Taxonomic_Procedures: There is no official classification of bacteria, but the names given to bacteria are regulated.
		In addition to valid publication of a name, the Bacteriological Code also states that only correct names are to be used, i.e.
		The names which are to be used are those which are correct in the opinion of the bacteriologist (especially a combinatio nova or a nomen novum) and a particular name does not have to be adopted in all circumstances; it is possible for two or more validly published names to remain in use.
	www.nbii.gov /metadata/mdata/textfiles/tax_d_bacterialist.txt (1825 words)

	ICZN Code - Article 10
		If publication of the data relating to a new nominal taxon or a nomenclatural act is interrupted and continued at a later date, the name or act becomes available only when the requirements of the relevant Articles have been met.
		The name (or names) of a taxon, including a taxon based on the work of an organism not at first classified as animal but later so classified, is available from its original publication provided that it satisfies the relevant provisions of this Chapter, provided that it is not excluded from the Code [Arts.
		1.3, 3], and provided that it is a potentially valid name under another Code (the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature or the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria) relevant to the taxon.
	www.iczn.org /iczn/index.jsp?nfv=true&article=10 (473 words)

	Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The dominant system is called Linnaean taxonomy, which includes ranks and binomial nomenclature.
		How organisms are named is governed by international agreements such as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB).
		The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN) remains outside the BioCode.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/biology.html (1234 words)

	Introduction
		The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code) contains General Considerations, Principles, Rules and Recommendations which govern the way in which the names of prokaryotes are to be used.
		The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision) is the cornerstone of prokaryotic nomenclature.
		The name is published in papers in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB) or in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) and conforms to requirements laid down in the Bacteriological Code.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /introduction.html (1033 words)

	International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
		The ICSP, formerly the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB), is the body that oversees the nomenclature of prokaryotes, determines the rules by which prokaryotes are named and whose Judicial Commission issues Opinions concerning taxonomic matters, revisions to the Bacteriological Code, etc.
		There will be meetings of the Judical Commission, the Rules Revisions Committee, several taxonomic subcommittees and the Editorial Board of IJSEM at the forthcoming International Union of Microbiological Societies Congresses in Paris, France, 27 July-1 August 2002.
		Officers of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and of its Judicial Commission – 2005 to 2008
	www.the-icsp.org (313 words)

	International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) - Subject Index
		International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) - Subject Index
		-- code of nomenclature for cultivated plants Pre.
		-- Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants Pre.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/code/SIndex.htm (745 words)

	ICZN Code - Article 10
		A name or nomenclatural act is available, and takes authorship and date, only when it has satisfied the provisions of this Article and, when relevant, of Articles 11 to 20 (for date and author see Articles 21 and 50).
		An editor should ensure that the whole of the description and illustrations relating to a new nominal taxon, and particularly any nomenclatural acts or data necessary to confer availability on its name, are published in the same work and on the same day.
		A name once available remains so irrespective of its invalidity as a junior synonym, a junior homonym, an unjustified emendation, an unnecessary substitute name, or a suppressed name, unless the Commission has ruled otherwise [Arts.
	www.iczn.org /iczn/includes/page.jsp?nfv=&article=10 (473 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Published since 1995
		Appropriate scientific names are important for the ability of scientists, regulators, growers and the public to accurately discuss organisms that cause disease and thus avoid confusion and costly mistakes.
		A stable nomenclature is useful in the dissemination of information about epidemics or treatment options.
		Where names are published outside the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, the reference is to the validating publication followed by the reference in which the original description was published.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=170391 (757 words)

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