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	Organization of American States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the Fourth International Conference of American States (Buenos Aires, 1910), the name of the organization was changed to the "Union of American Republics" and the Bureau became the "Pan American Union".
		The Ninth International Conference of American States was held in Bogotá between March and May 1948 and led by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall, a meeting which led to a pledge by members to fight communism in the Americas.
		This was the event that saw the birth of the OAS as it stands today, with the signature by 21 American countries of the Charter of the Organization of American States on 30 April 1948 (in effect since December 1951).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organization_of_American_States (1714 words)

	Background Notes Archive - International Organizations
		The OAS Charter was adopted at the Ninth International Conference of American states in Bogota, Colombia, in 1948.
		That conference also approved the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogota) and the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. The OAS Charter proclaims it to be a regional agency within the UN system.
		International development institutions have recognized the organization's in-house expertise and leadership role, and a number of these institutions have undertaken cooperative initiatives with the OAS or contracted the OAS to serve as an executing agency for their environmental projects.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/igos/oas9411.html (6045 words)

	Human Rights Learning Centre: Study Guide on the Inter-American Human Rights System
		The Declaration was adopted by the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogotá;, Colombia.
		State parties are held responsible for not committing violence against women, for preventing such violence from occurring, for enacting appropriate relevant legislation prohibiting such violence, for providing women a just legal recourse in the case of violence, and to promote social awareness and cultural acceptance of these rights of women.
		The state is obligated to allow indigenous people to educate themselves, but the state is also required to ensure that their indigenous population(s) must receive an education; the state must also protect the environment of indigenous land.
	www.hrea.org /learn/guides/OAS.html (4816 words)

	Political status of Taiwan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		International news organizations often report that "China considers Taiwan a renegade province that must be united with the mainland by force if necessary", even though the PRC does not explicitly say that Taiwan is a renegade province.
		In 1979, the United States Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act, a law generally interpreted as mandating U.S. defense of Taiwan in the event of an attack from the Chinese Mainland (the Act is applied to Taiwan and the Pescadores, but not to Quemoy and Matsu).
		Although the stated purpose of the fleet is not Taiwanese defense, it is safely assumed from past actions that that is one of the reasons why the fleet is stationed in those waters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan (6263 words)

	Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		States are juridically equal, enjoy the same rights, and have equal capacity in their exercise.
		The contracting states definitely establish as the rule of their conduct the precise obligation not to recognize territorial acquisitions or special advantages which have been obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure.
		The territory of a state is inviolable and may not be the object of military occupation nor of other measures of force imposed by another state directly or indirectly or for any motive whatever even temporarily.
	www.taiwandocuments.org /montevideo01.htm (1115 words)

	Background Notes Archive - International Organizations
		HISTORY The Organization of American States, the oldest regional international organization in the world, traces its origins to the Congress of Panama, convoked by Simon Bolivar in 1826 and attended by representatives from Central and South America.
		International development institutions have recognized the organization's in-house expertise and leadership role, and a number of these institutions have undertaken cooperative initiatives with the OAS or contracted the organization to serve as an executing agency for their environmental projects.
		Except for the Pan American Development Foundation (PADF), which relies heavily on private-sector contributions and a small subsidy from the OAS, and the IDB, which has significant financial support from non- hemispheric members, the U.S. quota assessment for these entities is, as for the OAS itself, roughly 59%.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/igos/oas9803.html (6766 words)

	Montevideo Convention
		The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States.
		At this conference, President Franklin Roosevelt and United States Secretary of State Cordell Hull declared American opposition to armed intervention in inter-American affairs, attempting to reverse the perception of Yankee imperialism, the so-called Good Neighbor Policy.
		The first sentence of article 3, however, explicitly states that "The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states." This has been used by less-recognized entities like the Republic of China or even entirely non-recognized entities like the Principality of Sealand to argue for their status as states.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Montevideo_Convention.html (290 words)

	Organization of American States
		The Organization of American States (OAS) is the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April, 1890.
		The original idea of creating an association of states in the Americas was the initiative of Simón Bolívar, the Liberator of northern South America, who convened the Congress of Panama in 1826 for that purpose.
		The American states molded such principles as non-intervention, the juridical equality of states, and the peaceful settlement of disputes which were later incorporated into the Charter and which continue to guide the activities of the Organization.
	www.itcilo.it /english/actrav/telearn/global/ilo/law/oasint.htm (1472 words)

	Everything about State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The "state" can also be defined in terms of domestic conditions, specifically, as conceptualized by Max Weber, "a state is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory." [http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/xweb.htm] The exact meaning of this definition depends on what is understood by "legitimate".
		A number of modern commentators have claimed that we are experiencing the decline of the Westphalian state as the principal actor of the international system, pointing to economic, cultural, political, and technological changes in the world, such as globalization and the emergence of regional and supernational groupings such as the European Union.
		The birth of the state, in the broadest sense of the word, coincides with the rise of civilization.
	wikimiki.org /en/state (11713 words)

	Basic Documents - American Declaration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		by the Ninth International Conference of American States,
		The American States have on repeated occasions recognized that the essential rights of man are not derived from the fact that he is a national of a certain state, but are based upon attributes of his human personality;
		It is the duty of every person to cooperate with the state and the community with respect to social security and welfare, in accordance with his ability and with existing circumstances.
	www.cidh.oas.org /Basicos/basic2.htm (1702 words)

	Organization of American States
		The Organization of American States, the oldest regional international organization in the world, traces its origins to the Congress of Panama, convoked by Simon Bolivar in 1826 and attended by representatives from Central and South America.
		While a member state is free to decide the level of its commitment, once a pledge is made to this fund, the country is legally obligated to pay the amount pledged, and a country is not allowed to request projects unless it has pledged by the deadline established.
		Except for the Pan American Development Foundation (PADF), which relies heavily on private sector contributions and a small subsidy from the OAS, and the IDB, which has significant financial support from non-hemispheric members, the U.S. quota assessment for these entities is, as for the OAS itself, roughly 59%.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rls/fs/10592.htm (7361 words)

	Basic Documents - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Organization of American States (OAS) is an international organization created by the American States to achieve an order of peace and justice, promote their solidarity, and defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity and their independence (Article 1 of the OAS Charter).
		The Ninth International Conference of American States, held in Bogotá in early 1948, approved the Charter of the Organization of American States.
		Exercising their sovereign will, the American States have over the years adopted numerous international instruments that have become the building blocks of a regional system for the promotion and protection of human rights.
	www.cidh.oas.org /Basicos/basic1.htm (4238 words)

	Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to Women
		The present Convention shall be open for signature by the American States and shall be ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
		The original instrument, the Spanish, English, Portuguese and French texts of which are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, which shall transmit certified copies to the Governments for the purpose of ratification.
		The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, which shall notify the signatory governments of the said deposit.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/civilrts.html (298 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Organization of American States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES [Organization of American States] (OAS), international organization, created Apr. 30, 1948, at Bogotá;, Colombia, by agreement of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
		The OAS is a regional agency designed to work with the United Nations to promote peace, justice, and hemispheric solidarity; to foster economic development (especially during the 1960s; see Alliance for Progress); and to defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the signatory nations.
		According to a survey of government and private conservation organizations conducted by American Rivers, 57 dams in 15 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are scheduled for removal in 2003.(In Brief...)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/O/OrgAmSt.asp (482 words)

	Organization of American States
		That conference also approved the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogota) and the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. The OAS Charter proclaims the organization to be a regional agency within the UN system.
		From 1990-94, special on-site reports on Haiti kept the international spotlight focused on the dire human rights situation there and were praised by local and international organizations.
		The Pan American Development Foundation (PADF) is a quasi-public international organization that, although created by the OAS in 1962, receives more than half its financial support from U.S. corporations and other private sources.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rls/fs/37856.htm (6962 words)

	Basic Documents Pertaining to Human Rights in the Inter-American System, OEA/Ser.L.V/II.82 doc.6 rev.1 (1992).
		The Tenth Conference (Caracas, Venezuela, 1954), in its Resolution XXIX "Inter-American Court for the Protection of Human Rights," referred this matter to the Eleventh Inter-American Conference for consideration, so that a decision could be made on the basis of studies compiled on the subject by the OAS Council.
		As regards the advisory function of the Court, Article 64 of the Convention provides that any member state of the Organization may consult the Court on the interpretation of the Convention or of other treaties on the protection of human rights in the American states.
		The States Parties to the Convention elected the first seven judges of the Court at its seventh special session of the OAS General Assembly (May 1979).
	hei.unige.ch /humanrts/iachr/general.html (675 words)

	The Avalon Project : Inter-American Reciprocal Assistance and Solidarity (Act of Chapultepec); March 6, 1945
		The furtherance of these principles, which the American States have constantly practiced in order to assure peace and solidarity among the nations of the Continent, constitutes an effective means of contributing to the general system of world security and of facilitating its establishment;
		That every State has the right to the respect of its individuality and independence, on the part of the other members of the international community.
		That every attack of a State against the integrity or the inviolability of the territory, or against the sovereignty or political independence of an American State, shall, conformably to Part III hereof, be considered as an act of aggression against the other States which sign this Act.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/intdip/interam/chapul.htm (981 words)

	[No title]
		The Pan American Sanitary Bureau originated in a resolution of the Second International Conference of American States (Mexico, January 1902) that recommended that "a general convention of representatives of the health organizations of the different American republics" be convened.
		The XII Pan American Sanitary Conference (Caracas, 1947) adopted a reorganization plan whereby the Bureau became the executive agency of the Pan American Sanitary Organization, whose Constitution was officially approved by the Directing Council at its first meeting in Buenos Aires later that year.
		The fundamental purposes of the Pan American Health Organization are to promote and coordinate the efforts of the countries of the Region of the Americas to combat disease, lengthen life, and promote the physical and mental health of their people.
	www.paho.org /english/history.htm (778 words)

	Message from The President of The United States
		It was signed for the United States by the Secretary of Agriculture by virtue of a full power issued to him by me.
		The undersigned, the Secretary of State, has the honor to lay before the President, with a view to its transmission to the Senate to receive the advice and consent of that body to ratification, should his judgment approve thereof, a treaty on the protection of artistic and scientific institutions and historic monuments.
		The treaty has for its object the protection of historic monuments, museums, scientific, artistic, educational, and cultural institutions both in time of peace and in time of war, and provides for the use of a distinctive flag to identify the monuments and institutions coming within the protection of the treaty.
	www.roerich.org /nr_roosevelt.html (247 words)

	David and Lorraine Cheng Library - Latin American Studies Resources
		Individuals from Latin American countries are not well-represented here, but the available essays are substantive, ranging in length from 2,000 to 3,000 words.
		Excellent guide to the concepts and terminology of the complex North American Free Trade Agreement, which runs to 2,000 pages in its printed format, written by a specialist in international trade.
		The Latin American Studies Association (LASA) is the largest professional Association in the world for individuals and institutions engaged in the study of Latin America.
	www.wpunj.edu /library/latin_am.shtml (3070 words)

	Rights and Duties of States-Convention Signed at Montevideo, December 26, 1933
		The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uruguay shall transmit authentic certified copies to the governments for the afore-mentioned purpose of ratification.
		AND WHEREAS the said convention, as signed, was duly ratified by the United States of America, and the instrument of ratification of the United States of America embracing the aforesaid reservation made by its delegation at the conference, as follows:
		AND WHEREAS, the said convention has been duly ratified also by the Dominican Republic, whose ratification thereof was deposited with the Pan American Union on December 26, 1934, on which day the convention, pursuant to a provision in Article 14 thereof, entered into force between the United States of America and the Dominican Republic;
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/interwar/rights.htm (1276 words)

	The Avalon Project : Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933
		Such notification shall be considered as an exchange of ratifications.
		In witness whereof, the following Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention in Spanish, English, Portuguese and French and hereunto affix their respective seals in the city of Montevideo, Republic of Uruguay, this 26th day of December, 1933.
		I hope that at the earliest possible date such very important work will be done.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/intdip/interam/intam03.htm (1099 words)

	Declaration of Lima, 24 December 1938 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		"Declaration of Lima" by the Eighth International Conference of American States, December 24, 1938
		It is understood that the Governments of the American Republics will act independently in their individual capacity, recognizing fully their juridical equality as sovereign states;
		That in order to facilitate the consultations established in this and other American peace instruments, the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, when deemed desirable and at the initiative of any one of them, will meet in their several capitals by rotation and without protocolary character.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/interwar/lima.htm (278 words)

	Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights
		That the majority of the American Republics, inspired by lofty principles of justice, have granted political rights to women;
		That it has been a constant aspiration of the American community of nations to equalize the status for men and women in the enjoyment and exercise of political rights;
		The High Contracting Parties agree that the right to vote and to be elected to national office shall not be denied or abridged by reason of sex.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/politicalrts.html (309 words)

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