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	Yves Klein
		By the late 1950s, Klein's monochrome works were almost exclusively in a deep blue hue which he eventually patented as International Klein Blue (IKB).
		Klein also made sculptures in deep blue, and worked with fire, creating some sculptures using it, and setting fire to some of his canvases, thus making scorched holes in them.
		Klein is also well known for a photograph, Sant dans le Vide (Leap into the Void), which apparently shows him jumping off a wall, arms outstretched, towards the pavement.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/yv/Yves_Klein.html (233 words)

	IKB # International Klein Blue Fanlisting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Yves Klein was never an artist in the league of Turner, Rembrandt or Titian, but he is remembered for one thing: International Klein Blue, which he used for a series of monochrome paintings in the 1950s.
		Klein’s blue is in fact none other than ultramarine - that is, the synthetic version of ultramarine devised in the nineteenth century.
		Klein realized that pigments always tended to look richer and more gorgeous as a dry powder than when mixed with a binder, and he wanted to find a way to capture this appearance in a paint.
	ikb.diletante.net /ikbeng.php?about (273 words)

	International Klein Blue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		International Klein Blue (or IKB as it is known in art circles) was developed by French artist Yves Klein as part of his search for colors which best represented the concepts he wished to convey as an artist.
		Although Klein had worked with blue extensively in his earlier career, it was not until 1958 that he used it as the central component of a piece (the colour effectively becoming the art).
		IKB was developed by Klein and chemists to have the same color brightness and intensity as dry pigments, which it achieves by suspending dry pigment in a clear synthetic resin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Klein_Blue (253 words)

	The Formidable Blue Stamp of Yves Klein
		Klein was a purist, and his mastery of Judo and studies in Rosicrucianism were seemingly based on a quest for inner equilibrium.
		Klein's quest for a monochrome art led him to a particularly satisfying pigment, a personally mixed ultramarine that he was later to patent as International Klein Blue.
		A blue canopy was draped at the entrance.
	www.mailartist.com /johnheldjr/YvesKlein.html (3165 words)

	AE160D Unit 7: Yves Klein
		Yves Klein, an artist and judo master, was born in Nice, France in 1928 and died from a heart attack at the age of 34 in 1962, in Paris, where he made his career.
		Remarkably, although Klein's career as an artist lasted for only the last eight years of his life (1954-1962), he, like Duchamp before him, was able to change the concept of a work of art and art in general, as well as the concept of the exhibition of art and the role of the artist.
		Covering their bodies with IKB, Klein would then have the models press there bodies against a painting surface, which of course would leave a blue impression of the female form.
	arted.osu.edu /160/07_YKlein.php (737 words)

	TRU - The ART
		Yves Klein was a pivotal figure in both American and European post-War art.
		Klein was not only a founding member of the French "New Realists" movement, the precursor to American Pop Art, he is also credited with being the father of "Happenings" and other performance-based arts.
		In homage to him, the color is often referred to as IKB "International Klein blue." Klein's work may be found in the collections of the Moderna Museet, Stockholm, the Menil Collection, Houston, and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
	www.trurestaurant.com /art/venus.html (108 words)

	The Story of Modern Art
		Always drawn to the limitless blue expanses of sea and sky that dominate life on the Mediterranean coast, Klein expressed in his art the obsessive longing he felt for these weightless, limitless spaces beyond the material world.
		Klein believed that "Judo is, in effect, the discovery of the human body in a spiritual space." Klein was also drawn to eastern religions that envisioned the transformation of the world with static dimensions into an age of space and pure spirit.
		In creating his anthropometries, Klein used the human body as a "living paint brush." Bathing his models in his signature International Klein Blue paint, he directed them to press and drag their bodies across paper and canvas, leaving impressions of IKB paint.
	hirshhorn.si.edu /education/modern/modern4.html (1274 words)

	Yves Klein, biography of yves klein, artist yves klein, famous art work, oil paintings, famous painter, canvas ...
		By the late 1950s, Klein's monochrome works were almost exclusively in a deep blue hue which he eventually patented as International Klein Blue (IKB, =PB29, =CI 77007).
		Klein is also well known for a photograph, Saut dans le vide (Leap into the Void) [1], which apparently shows him jumping off a wall, arms outstretched, towards the pavement.
		Klein used the photograph as evidence of his oft-mentioned unaided lunar travel.
	www.reviewpainting.com /Yves-Klein.htm (414 words)

	Blue
		Blue is the color of the heart and has a positive connotation.
		Blue conveys importance and confidence without being somber or sinister, hence the blue power suit of the corporate world and the blue uniforms of police officers.
		Deep blue in color and opaque, this gemstone was highly prized by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, as can be seen by its prominent use in many of the treasures recovered from pharaonic tombs.
	facweb.cs.depaul.edu /sgrais/blue.htm (1447 words)

	Blue information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Blue is used also as a word to denote a sad or melancholy state, as in depression, or simply a state of deep contemplation (however, the phrase "blue skies," referring to sunny weather, implies cheerfulness).
		Blue balls is a slang term for a temporary fluid congestion in the scrotum and prostate region.
		Blue is associated with many air forces and navies because of the color of their dress uniforms, while green is associated with armies.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Blue (4283 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - Colors / Ultramarine
		The relative infrequency of the color blue in Greco-Roman art and the imprecise terminology for blue in their languages will later lead some 19th-century art historians to theorize that the "ancients" were blind to the color blue.
		Blue is exempted somewhat, retaining its earlier associations with the dignity of monarchs and the morality of the church.
		The discovery indicates the painting is a forgery: cobalt blue, a 19th-century pigment, was developed in the attempt to produce a synthetic ultra-marine blue.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/10/colors10.php (1474 words)

	Pigments of the imagination \| Arts & Books \| The Australian
		Klein was born in Nice in April 1928 and died of a heart attack in June 1962.
		Morineau says, however, that Klein had broken with the group within months in order to pursue his own interests: she admits that the death of Restany in 2003 allowed her to work more freely on her reinterpretation, which is essentially a critique of his view.
		She worked closely, and not always easily, with the Yves Klein Archive and Klein's widow, the artist Rotraut Klein-Moquay (who has a connection with Australia: her daughter lives in Sydney; she has kept a house here since the time of the MCA retrospective and visits regularly).
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20942227-16947,00.html (1596 words)

	FT.com / Arts & Weekend / Art & Design - Brief career of a man in space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The name of Yves Klein will for ever be associated with a particular shade of intense blue, which was his own invention, and which he named IKB (International Klein Blue).
		The blue itself draws the eye in; it absorbs and thickens the gaze to such an extent that the surface impregnated with the colour seems to have a richer, fuller and stranger identity than it might have had if the particular painting or relief had been treated with any other colour.
		Klein developed a passion for painting with fire, and an entire room is devoted to scorched canvases in smoky, singed brown.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/3f64677c-6379-11db-bc82-0000779e2340.html (872 words)

	Yves Klein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Klein was born in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, Côte d'Azur, Occitania, France.
		Klein and Arman were continually involved with each other creatively, both as Nouveaux Réalistes and as friends.
		Klein at thr Centre Pompidou by Joseph Nechvatal
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yves_Klein (899 words)

	The Art of David Ireland: The Way Things Are
		Yves Klein (1928-1962), whose artistic heyday was during the 1950's, is another in the line of conceptual artists who explored the very nature of what art is about and expanded the range of artistic expression.
		Klein created what has come to be known as "International Klein Blue," an intense ultramarine color that became his trademark.
		Displaying the blue mound in a household cake dome generates (with remarkable simplicity and economy of means) the tension of multiple contradictions--the ordinary containing the strange; the known contrasted with the mysterious, the light and transparent holding the weighty and opaque, the pristine display of the vaguely scatological.
	www.culturevulture.net /ArtAndArch/Ireland.htm (750 words)

	Rotraut steps out from her husband's shadow - Arts - www.smh.com.au
		As Klein's widow, the mother of the son he never saw, and executor of his estate, it has been her mission to preserve Klein's legacy.
		Klein - a Judo fl belt and student of Zen philosophies - was the European Andy Warhol.
		I used to mix the blue for Yves." The result was one of her landmark "galaxy" paintings, Blue Memory.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2004/10/27/1098667827102.html?from=storyrhs (637 words)

	Guggenheim Collection - Artist - Klein - Untitled blue monochrome (IKB 82)
		He is renowned for his almost exclusive use of a strikingly resonant, powdery cobalt pigment, which he patented under the name “International Klein Blue,” claiming that it represented the physical manifestation of cosmic energy that, otherwise invisible, floats freely in the air.
		Klein’s activities also included using nude female models drenched in paint as “brushes”; releasing thousands of blue balloons into the sky; and exhibiting an empty, white-walled room and then selling portions of the interior air, which he called “zones” of “immaterial pictorial sensibility.” His intentions remain perplexing 30 years after his sudden death.
		Whether Klein truly believed in the mystical capacity of the artist to capture cosmic particles in paint and to create aesthetic experiences out of thin air and then apportion them at whim is difficult to determine.
	www.guggenheimcollection.org /site/artist_work_md_76_3.html (403 words)

	The search for the PERFECT BLUE Independent on Sunday, The - Find Articles
		The outcome of this moment was a new colour " International Klein Blue, IKB " and the outcome of that colour was a way of thinking that has shaped the art of everyone since, from Andy Warhol to Anish Kapoor, from Joseph Beuys to William Eggleston.
		Klein, a Rosicrucian, fourth-dan judo expert and budding artist from Nice, is 26 or 27; Adam, a third generation marchand de couleur, or colour- man, is three years younger.
		Klein is mortified: 'Each grain of colour seemed to have been individually killed,' he wrote later.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20050612/ai_n14663815 (956 words)

	A/D GALLERY Yves Klein
		Klein's table is similar to his "pure pigment" pieces of 1957 and 1961, which were the genesis.
		And since the pigment is loose, it does invite comparison to Klein's belief in pure space: the eye penetrates what seems to be a limitless depth.
		There are three Klein tables: one filled with Klein International Blue pigment, one with rose madder, and one containing 3000 sheets of gold leaf.
	www.adeditions.com /kleinart_middle.html (112 words)

	MoMA.org \| The Collection \| Yves Klein. Blue Monochrome. 1961
		Klein likened monochrome painting to an "open window to freedom." He worked with a chemist to develop his own particular brand of blue.
		Made from pure color pigment and a binding medium, he called it "International Klein Blue." Klein adopted this hue as a means of evoking the immateriality and boundlessness that reflected his own peculiar utopian vision of the world.
		Keenly aware that pigment is a substance of the earth, Klein also devised methods to make paintings using the other three elements—air (in the form of wind), water (in the form of rain), and fire.
	www.moma.org /collection/browse_results.php?object_id=80103 (475 words)

	Art Quotes 1
		It represented an attempt to conquer uncharted territory, to capture absolute blue in empty space.—"the far side of the sky." A highly visible accompanying symbol was planned, a "blue project" in which an obelisk in Place de la Concorde was to be illuminated by blue floodlights.
		They were offered a blue cocktail prepared specially for the show (and later reported with chagrin that it had dyed certain bodily fluids bright blue).
		Yves Klein took out a patent on the color he invented, IKB, or International Klein Blue--he mixed pure pigment with a synthetic resin normally applied as a fixative--the result was that the pigments were bound without materially altering their vibrant luminosity.
	www.artgroove.com /quotes1.shtml (2804 words)

	Acquavella: Yves Klein's Biography
		In post-World War II Paris Klein emerged as the seminal figure of the New Realists, a conceptual movement that included Arman, Christo, and Martial Raysse.
		In 1956, Klein exhibited a group of monochrome paintings in ultramarine blue, a color he patented as ‘International Klein Blue.’ He followed these with similar blue paintings onto which natural sponges, also painted blue, were affixed.
		Klein called the nude models ‘living brushes.’ The fire paintings followed in which Klein torched asbestos pigmented canvas and water paintings made by leaving still wet works out in the rain.
	www.acquavellagalleries.com /main/artist_bio.cfm?artist_id=143 (188 words)

	amber fogel on abstract color photography at von lintel
		Klein used the blue to connote the boundlessness of space and the spirituality space evoked.
		Klein painted his monochromatic blue canvases with a roller-just as one would apply your run-of-the-mill house paint-a nod to the commodity culture burgeoning the 1950s and its repetitive nature, which in turn, became a reference to both authorial presence (the hand of the artist) and the commercial nature of that which could be readily reproduced.
		In his homage to Klein, Muniz gives us a photographic reproduction of commercially inked sheets (again their repetition emphasizing their function as a commodity).
	www.artcritical.com /fogel/AFAbstraction.htm (929 words)

	On the Sublime: Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, James Turrell - Guggenheim Museum, Berlin - Absolutearts.com
		However, Klein refused to paint with multiple colors because he did not want to create tension within the composition.
		Klein, interested in the viewer's emotional response to his Monochrome Adventure, hoped viewers would be able to experience the Void through a uniformly painted color field.
		Space, in the work of both Klein and Turrell, often seems boundless and awesome, but the subject and medium of Turrell's works is light.
	www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/2001/07/07/28819.html (728 words)

	ARTNEWS/june 2000
		Works by French artist Yves Klein are being shown in the Museum of Modern Art in Nice, his native town, until September 4th 2000.
		Klein had a very short career during which he expressed his poetry, dreams and visions, which led him to produce monochrome paintings.
		The publishing of a ctalogue raisonné of his works in 1987 and this exhibition have enabled to shed new light on this painter, whom Le Brun considered as a rival and who had been much admired by Voltaire years after his death.
	www.artcult.com /na69.html (244 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Travel
		He's famous for his monochromatic canvases and his sculptures that look like blue through-and-through, blue made 3-D. Born in Nice in 1928, he surely must have borrowed the signature color he called ``International Klein Blue'' from the brilliantly colored sky and sea he grew up with.
		He became an international sensation for art-pranks like dragging a nude woman, whose body was coated in blue pigment, across a canvas on the floor.
		Arman, like Klein, is well-represented in the Nice museum: There's even a model of his house, which is in nearby Vence and which is built underground, its only ground-level manifestation three pillowy white forms popping through the earth.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/travel/nice_france.htm (2131 words)

	Yves Klein - Wikipédia
		Yves Klein meurt d’une crise cardiaque en juin 1962.
		Annette Kahn Yves Klein, Le maître du bleu.
		Klein, du 5 octobre 2006 au 5 février 2007 au Centre Pompidou à Paris.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yves_Klein (929 words)

	All about Yves - painter Yves Klein at the Museum Ludwig in Cologne, Germany Art in America - Find Articles
		And in Koblenz, Klein's "Monotone Symphony," a composition consisting of a single, prolonged note, was performed in the city museum as part of a program of French musical works.
		One of the aims of the exhibition, then, was to re-create several of Klein's most important gallery environments, such as his empty-gallery Void Room of 1958, so as to enable viewers to experience at its fullest the "heightened sensibility" to color and space that Klein meant all of his works to induce.
		There is also an unexpected variety of surface textures, even though Klein made a point of applying pigment not with a paint brush but with a commercial paint roller.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_n5_v83/ai_16878543 (838 words)

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