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Topic: International Standard Atmosphere

Related Topics

Standard temperature and pressure

Standard conditions for temperature and pressure

Standard atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure

Density of air

Pressure altitude

Mean sea level

Altimeter

Dry adiabatic lapse rate

Flight level

Bar (unit)

International Civil Aviation Organisation

Barometric formula

Speed of sound

Pascal

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	Atmospheric pressure Summary
		Standard atmospheric pressure or "the standard atmosphere" (1 atm) is defined as 101.325 kilopascals (kPa) or 760 mmHg.
		Atmospheric pressure is often measured with a mercury barometer, and a height of approximately 760 mm (30 inches) of mercury is often used to teach, make visible, and illustrate (and measure) atmospheric pressure.
		International Standard Atmosphere - a tabulation of typical variation of principal thermodynamic variables of the atmosphere (pressure, density, temperature etc) with altitude, at mid latitudes.
	www.bookrags.com /Atmospheric_pressure (2330 words)

	Qwika - similar:Bar_(unit)
		When expressed as a measurement, an atmosphere (symbol: atm) or standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure roughly equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth.
		It is absolutely necessary to define the standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure when expressing a gas volume or a volumetric flow rate because the volume of a gas varies with the temperature and pressure of the gas.
		Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earth's gravity.
	www.qwika.com /rels/Bar_(unit) (1836 words)

	Pilot's Web The Aviators' Journal - Weather Sense
		The term ISA (pronounced as eyes-zha) is the abbreviation for International Standard Atmosphere.
		The standard atmosphere was derived from the average conditions for all latitudes, seasons and altitudes.
		The standard temperature is 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) and a standard temperature lapse of 2 degrees Celsius (3.5 degrees Fahrenheit) per 1000 feet.
	www.pilotsweb.com /wx/w_sense.htm (1925 words)

	Density Altitude Calculator - Metric
		Density altitude is defined as the altitude in the International Standard Atmosphere that has the same air density as the air being evaluated.
		The density altitude is the altitude in the International Standard Atmosphere that has the same density as the air being evaluated.
		The ICAO International Standard Atmosphere standard conditions for zero density altitude are 0 meters (0 feet) altitude, 15 deg C (59 deg F) air temp, 1013.25 mb (29.921 in Hg) pressure and 0 % relative humidity (absolute zero dew point).
	wahiduddin.net /calc/calc_da_m.htm (463 words)

	atmospheric pressure
		The atmosphere is divided vertically into four layers based on temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
		Intercepted first by the atmosphere, a small part is directly absorbed, particularly by certain gases such as ozone and water vapor.
		The International Civil Aviation Organisation's International Standard Atmosphere [ ISA ] provides a fixed standard atmospheric model used for many purposes among which are the uniform assessment of aircraft performance and the calibration of some aircraft instruments.
	www.pilotfriend.com /av_weather/meteo/atmos.htm (2416 words)

	The Atmosphere [Ch. 20 of See How It Flies]
		According to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), we expect the pressure to be 697 millibars at 10,000 feet.
		For example, at zero altitude, the ISA temperature is 15 degrees centigrade, and the ISA pressure is 1013.25 millibars, or equivalently 29.92126 inches of mercury.
		In winter, the real atmosphere usually has a smaller lapse rate than the standard atmosphere, especially at the lower altitudes, so the errors are usually less than what simple theory would suggest.
	www.av8n.com /how/htm/atmo.html (5971 words)

	ULPower : Engine Resources : ISA conditions
		Established in 1976, the International Standard Atmosphere is a mathematical description of a theoretical column of air.
		The definition of density altitude is the altitude at which the density of the 1976 International Standard Atmosphere is the same as the density of the air being evaluated.
		The published/indicated (ISA) power of an engine is the power it theoretically would have at sea level if the atmospheric conditions were equal to those of the theoretical International Standard Atmosphere.
	www.ulpower.com /resources-isa.htm (689 words)

	AtmosModeler Simulator - Version 1.2a
		It uses mathematical models of the standard atmosphere of the Earth and Mars.
		The speed of sound depends on the type of gas in the atmosphere (nitrogen and oxygen for the Earth and carbon dioxide for Mars) and on the square root of the temperature of the gas.
		The dynamic pressure depends on the gas density and the square of the velocity and is an important design constraint on aircraft structures.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/atmosi.html (828 words)

	An ISO Greenhouse Gas Standard
		Policy-makers, both within nations and in international negotiations, expect to rely heavily on emissions trading schemes to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere.
		Because ISO has experience with creating international standards, because it has participants from standards bodies in many countries, and because it has authority and name-recognition with businesses around the world, ISO may be in a good position to create such a standard.
		For example, some people suggest that the greenhouse gas standard under discussion will in effect be a carbon accounting standard, and ISO does not set accounting standards, the International Accounting Standards Board does.
	www.ecologia.org /ems/ghg/ghgstandard.html (1208 words)

	International Standard Atmosphere
		Pressure, temperature, density, viscosity and speed of sound variation for the international standard atmosphere (ISA) can be calculated for a range of altitudes from sea level upward.
		In the lower region, the troposphere, the atmosphere has a lapse rate (L) of 6.5K/Km.
		Based on the above equations, an application is available which shows atmospheric properties for a specific altitude.
	www.ae.su.oz.au /aero/atmos/atmos.html (639 words)

	Arnold Publishing - Civil Jet Aircraft Design - Atmosphere and Airspeeds
		In this standard, height above sea-level is measured as the true (tape-line) distance (the geometric altitude) assuming constant gravitational acceleration (g) with height (i.e.
		The ISA recognises several altitude regions in which air temperature is defined to be either constant or varying linearly with height.
		The standard defines the sea-level (quoted as SL and meaning zero altitude) air temperature as 288.15°K (15°C) and then assumes a linear variation with height up to 11 km (about 36089 ft) to a temperature of 216.65°K. This region is called the 'troposphere'.
	www.apnet.com /companions/034074152X/appendices/data-d/default.htm (1087 words)

	AERADE
		ESDU 73017 presents graphs of Reynolds number/metre in an International Standard Atmosphere for Mach numbers to 10 and heights in metres or feet to 32 000 m (105 000 ft).
		Kinetic pressure in an International Standard Atmosphere is shown graphically for Mach numbers to 10 and heights in metres or feet to 32 000 m (105 000 ft).
		The atmospheres are the International Standard (see also ESDU 68046 and 72018 for data for performance calculations, ESDU 77021 for properties in greater detail and ESDU 77022 for computation equations), tropical maximum, temperate and Arctic maximum, tropical and temperate minimum, and Arctic minimum.
	aerade.cranfield.ac.uk /subject-listing/esdu/ES53.html (559 words)

	Equations - Air Density and Density Altitude
		The density altitude is the altitude at which the density of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is the same as the density of the air being evaluated.
		The 1976 International Standard Atmosphere is mostly described in metric SI units, and I have chosen to use those same units (in general).
		The International Standard Atmosphere is a mathematical description of a theoretical column of air.
	wahiduddin.net /calc/density_altitude.htm (4207 words)

	AGUSTA A129 INT
		The Italian Army are to be equipped with a total of 60 Mangusta helicopters, 45 of the A129 variant and 15 of the A129 International.
		The A129 International is a multi-role helicopter for armed reconnaissance and surveillance, high value ground target engagement, escort, fire support and air threat suppression.
		International forces are able to benefit from the experience gained by the Italian Army in the deployment of the Mangusta helicopter.
	www.defencejournal.com /jul99/agusta.htm (995 words)

	Standard atmosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The standard Atmospheric pressure -- a reference value at sea-level
		The US Standard Atmosphere -- a series of models that define values for pressure, density, and temperature over a range of altitudes
		The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) -- an international standard model, defining typical atmospheric properties with altitude, at mid-latitude.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_atmosphere (113 words)

	Dci04
		Although people at one time believed that the atmosphere was like a jungle with huge, transparent monsters waiting to eat pilots who flew too high, it is in fact like an ocean.
		While there are some non-uniformities due to weather (and maybe due to pollution), the overall, average characteristics of the atmosphere are surprisingly simple to calculate using physics and chemistry, and a little bit of calculus.
		If we had one set of standard conditions, we could use those to do the calculations of how an aircraft flies, and then modify those calculations for the specific atmospheric conditions encountered at a given time.
	www.adl.gatech.edu /classes/dci/atmos/dci04.html (953 words)

	The U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976
		The fundamental procedure is a subroutine called Atmosphere that accepts altitude as an input argument and returns non-dimensional values of temperature, pressure, and density which are ratios of the quantity at altitude to that at sea-level.
		Since the definition of the international standard is given in SI units, the altitude is supplied in kilometers.
		The standard atmosphere is defined as a set of layers and the routine determines which layer contains the specified altitude.
	www.pdas.com /atmos.htm (613 words)

	International Standard Atmosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The International Standard Atmosphere is a tabulation with altitude of the standard variation of pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, etc, appropriate to mid latitudes, released by the ICAO.
		The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is also sometimes used as a synonym for Standard conditions for temperature and pressure.
		Various tabulations of the 1976 standard may be found on the web, e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere (214 words)

	Live Irvine Weather ¤ Rancho San Joaquin-University Park ¤
		A term to describe how dense the atmosphere is in comparison to the International Standard Atmosphere.
		The datum point for ISA is 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15°C), with a pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury (1013mb) at sea level.
		Atmospheric or barometric pressure expressed in terms of altitude which corresponds to that pressure in the standard atmosphere.
	www.irvineweather.info (254 words)

	Megginson Technologies Ltd. - Aviation Rules of Thumb
		The International Standard Atmosphere is the reference point for most aircraft performance data.
		The ISA has an air pressure of 29.92 inHg at sea level, decreasing by 1.00 inHg for every thousand feet (at lower altitudes), a temperature of 15°C, decreasing by 2°C for every 1,000 ft (ditto), and no humidity.
		For example, ISA predicts that the air pressure should be 19.92 inHg at 10,000 ft and that the outside air temperature should be -5°C. If the temperature is different than that, or if there is a non-standard pressure lapse rate, there will be a (possibly serious) altimeter error.
	www.megginson.com /Aviation/rules-of-thumb.html (935 words)

	STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure
		Since temperature and air pressure may vary form place to place it is necessary with standard reference conditions for testing and documentation of chemical and physical processes.
		SATP - Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure is a reference with temperature of 25 degC (298.15 K) and pressure of 101 kPa.
		ISA - International Standard Atmosphere is defined to 101.325 kPa, 15 degC and 0% humidity.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /stp-standard-ntp-normal-air-d_772.html (585 words)

	ISA Atmosphere Model (Aerospace Blockset) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The ISA Atmosphere Model block implements the mathematical representation of the international standard atmosphere values for absolute temperature, pressure, density, and speed of sound for the input geopotential altitude.
		The ISA Atmosphere Model block icon displays the input and output metric units.
		The four outputs are temperature, speed of sound, air pressure, and air density.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /matlab/toolbox/aeroblks/isaatmospheremodel.html (101 words)

	IHS ESDU 77022
		ESDU 77022 gives equations for calculating for altitudes up to 50 km in British Customary Units or SI Units the pressure and density in a Standard Atmosphere and the density in an Off-Standard Atmosphere whose temperature profile differs by a constant temperature from the Standard at all heights.
		Also given are equations, again in both sets of units, for calculating pressure height in a Standard Atmosphere, and the temperature difference from Standard and geopotential height in an Off-Standard Atmosphere, from a knowledge of pressure.
		Equations are given for the speed of sound and dynamic viscosity, and for the relationship between geometric and geopotential heights, and between pressure, pressure height and geopotential height.
	www.esdu.com /graphics/dataitem/77022b.htm (260 words)

	Aerodynamics for Students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The performance of any aircraft is highly dependent on the surrounding atmospheric properties.
		The following worksheet allows the atmospheric properties to be calculated, in particular density, pressure and temperature, up to an altitude of 50,000ft.
		The atmosphere equations are based on ISA definitions and are described in the chapter "Properties of the Atmosphere"
	www.ae.su.oz.au /aero/perf/perf_atmos.html (61 words)

	[No title]
		The pressure 'reduced' to mean sea level, assuming ISA temperature profile from the station/airfield to MSL.
		Barometric pressure 'reduced' to mean sea level, assuming an isothermal atmosphere from the airfield/station to MSL, using current (screen) temperatures.
		When the ISA mean sea level standard pressure of 1013.2 hPa is set on an aircraft altimeter subscale, the height so indicated upon landing at an airfield is known as the QNE reading.
	www.meteowvl.be /MetInfo/StandAtmosfeer.html (291 words)

	COESA Atmosphere Model (Aerospace Blockset)
		The COESA Atmosphere Model block implements the mathematical representation of the 1976 COESA (Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere) United States (U.S.) standard lower atmospheric values for absolute temperature, pressure, density, and speed of sound for the input geopotential altitude.
		Below 32000 m (approximately 104987 ft), the U.S. Standard Atmosphere is identical with the Standard Atmosphere of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
		The COESA Atmosphere Model block icon displays the input and output units selected from the Units pop-up menu.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /matlab/toolbox/aeroblks/coesaatmospheremodel.html (151 words)

	MTP Altitude Discussion
		pressure altitude, which is based on a standard atmospheric model for temperature as a function of pressure.
		The US Standard atmosphere (1976) is an average, piece-wise continuous, mid-latitude temperature profile of the earth's atmosphere.
		The US Standard Atmosphere is one of several reference or standard atmospheres.
	mtp.jpl.nasa.gov /notes/altitude/altitude.html (2857 words)

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