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Topic: International Whaling Commission

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	Iceland Rejoining International Whaling Commission
		Iceland joined the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and adhered to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling on March 10, 1947, but withdrew from the Convention on June 30, 1992.
		The effect of the IWC's action was to exclude Iceland as a member and to preclude it from voting.
		The United States encourages Iceland to rejoin the IWC, but cannot accept that its adherence is conditioned on a reservation to the commercial whaling moratorium.
	www.state.gov /p/eur/rls/fs/10228.htm (408 words)

	International Whaling Commission (IWC)
		Decisions of the Commission are by simple majority of those members voting, except that a three-fourths majority of those members is required for actions to amend the provisions of the Schedule (which contains the binding decisions of the Commission).
		The Commission has used various means of regulating commercial whaling including the fixing of open and closed seasons, open and closed areas, protected species, size limits for each species, and limits on the catch of whales in any one season.
		Criteria for evaluating research involving the killing of whales under special permits were established because of concerns that some countries would use special permits for scientific research as a means of circumventing the zero catch limits for commercial whaling.
	russia.shaps.hawaii.edu /fishing/regulatory/fish-iwc.html (820 words)

	The International Whaling Commission today
		A Workshop on Whale Killing Methods was held in the UK in June 1992 and was re-convened in Ireland in May 1995 to review and evaluate progress on the action plan it adopted, and to review the use of the electric lance as a secondary method for killing whales.
		With increasing awareness that whales should not be considered apart from the marine environment which they inhabit, and that detrimental changes may threaten whale stocks, the IWC decided that the Scientific Committee should give priority to research on the effects of environmental changes on cetaceans.
		The uncertainties involved in whale stock assessment, management and regulation have only served to reinforce the views of those people and nations who are opposed to a resumption of commercial whaling of the need for a large sanctuary to provide a pool of whales which are sure to be safe from hunting.
	www.highnorth.no /Library/Publications/iceland/th-in-to.htm (4641 words)

	International Whaling Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The protective role the IWC has taken has come under strain since in the late 1980s, as various species of minke whale were argued to be sufficiently populous to allow limited hunts.
		The headquarters of the IWC is in Cambridge, England.
		The anti-whaling side within IWC are accused of using conservation as a cover for their ideological opposition to whaling itself, which mirrors the accusation from the anti-whaling side that Japan's scientific whaling is a cover for commercial whaling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Whaling_Commission (6086 words)

	International Whaling Commission
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling which was signed in Washington DC on 2 December 1946.
		The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures outlined in the International Whaling Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world.
		The IWC established a Scientific Committee to provide the information on which to make such determinations as total catch, length of seasons, species to be protected, and areas to be closed to whaling.
	www.unep.ch /regionalseas/partners/iwcom.htm (202 words)

	International Whaling Commission
		Fired from a cannon, the harpoon is intended to penetrate the whale's body to a depth of 30 cm (12 inches) before detonating, killing it by inflicting massive shock or injury.
		However, even these data may underestimate the suffering of hunted whales, as a recent scientific and veterinary review concluded that the criteria used by the IWC to assess death or insensibility to pain in whales are 'inadequate'.
		Whales may therefore survive and experience pain over a period significantly longer than suggested by the current IWC criteria for death in whales.
	www.prijatelji-zivotinja.hr /htmlen/whales.html (994 words)

	Commission information
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling which was signed in Washington DC on 2nd December 1946 (Click HERE to view full text).
		The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world (Click HERE to view the full text).
		The Commission has since its inception regulated the catches of the large whale species, but the smaller species of whales, dolphins and porpoises (commonly known as 'small cetaceans';) are also members of the same zoological order of Cetacea.
	www.iwcoffice.org /commission/iwcmain.htm (1867 words)

	Resurrecting the International Whaling Commission
		Faced with rapidly declining whale stocks and under pressure from the international community to increase protection of whales, the IWC started to move away from a position of management to one of conservation and, finally, preservation.
		The only leverage the Commission retains is the power to "make recommendations to any or all contracting Governments on any matter that relates to whales or whaling and to the objectives and purposes of this Convention." [FN131] The IWC has utilized this illusory authority throughout the years, but its concerns have frequently been overlooked.
		Whales are generally divided into two categories: (1) the Odontoceti, the toothed whales; and (2) the Mysticeti, also known as Baleen whales, so named for a filter like structure hanging from their upper jaws.
	www.animallaw.info /articles/arus27brooklynjintll639.htm (8897 words)

	WWF - International Whaling Commission (IWC)
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in Washington DC on 2 December 1946.
		The current membership of the IWC is approximately evenly divided between whaling and non-whaling nations, resulting in a political deadlock which makes it impossible to secure the ¾ majority of votes needed to make major changes.
		WWF believes the IWC must address all of the threats to cetacean populations, particularly that of bycatch and climate change.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/species/our_solutions/policy/iwc/index.cfm (570 words)

	International Whaling Commission Report
		In 92/181 of the compiled sightings (50.8% of the total) the whales had been observed underwater; photographs and/or underwater video supported 33 cases (18.2% of the total), with additional photographs and video not matched to particular sightings (total of 103 colour transparencies and 22 colour prints taken underwater; 63 colour prints taken at the surface).
		In only 16/156 cases were the whales reported in open water away from reefs, in 7/16 cases sightings were west of the reefs over a level sea floor of the continental shelf approximately 30-40m deep.
		Most sightings of dwarf minke whales in the present study were on or near reefs at the edge of the continental shelf, which are approximately 40-45km from the Queensland coast in the Port Douglas sector (Fig.1) and 50-80km offshore in the Ribbon Reef sector.
	www.minkewhale.org /iwc_report.htm (4428 words)

	International Whaling Commission \| The Humane Society of the United States
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), which was signed in Washington, D.C., on December 2, 1946.
		In fact, the main duty of the IWC is to keep under review—and revise as necessary—the measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention, which govern the conduct of conservation and whaling throughout the world.
		The ban on commercial whaling does not affect aboriginal subsistence whaling, which is permitted by Denmark, the Russian Federation, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States.
	www.hsus.org /about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/international_policy/treaties/international_whaling_commission (448 words)

	International Whaling Commission \| Greenpeace USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Today, the International Whaling Commission holds the fate of the world’s whales in the hands of a few individuals.
		This year's meeting of the International Whaling Commission dramatically displayed how narrow a margin exists between the pro-whaling and anti-whaling nations.
		They also lost their bid for an exemption of the commercial whaling ban, and an attempt to kick Greenpeace out of the IWC meetings.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/campaigns/oceans/whales/japanese-whaling (422 words)

	International Whaling Commission on Verge of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		For the promise of international cooperation, which brought 17 hopeful nations together to ensure the sustainable use of whales, is now as barren as the sands of Oman, the locale May 16 for the 50th annual meeting.
		Community Whaling Japan has asked the IWC to allow four small communities to take 50 non-endangered minke whales from its coastal waters in order to relieve the social, cultural and economic distress which has eroded community and family life there since imposition of the commercial whaling moratorium.
		In 1993, the IWC passed a resolution recognizing the extreme distress of the families in the four communities and resolved to work expeditiously to relieve it.
	members.aol.com /adrcnet/marmamnews/98050401.html (1032 words)

	Overview of International Whaling Commission
		This indefinite moratorium on commercial whaling was implemented as an effort to properly determine the status of whale populations and give depleted populations an opportunity to recover.
		Subsistence whaling is the taking of a limited number of whales by certain indigenous peoples for their own use.
		The IWC has also designated specific areas of the ocean as ocean sanctuaries, where whales may not be hunted even if the moratorium should be lifted.
	www.animallaw.info /articles/ovuswhaleiwc.htm (564 words)

	CNN.com - Anger over bid to hike whale catch - Jun 20, 2005
		The 57th annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) is now under way in the city of Ulsan, with anti-whaling nations firing the first shots in what is expected to be a fiery five-day showdown.
		Countries in favor of resuming commercial whale hunts say they are close to securing a voting majority in the IWC which could see hunting increased for the first time since the practice was banned nearly two decades ago.
		The IWC ended the hunting of the mammals in 1986, handing environmentalists a major victory in protecting several species that were near extinction after centuries of whaling.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/asiapcf/06/20/whaling.meeting/index.html (474 words)

	The International Whaling Commission
		The main duty of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world.
		Because of uncertainties in the scientific analyses and therefore the precise status of the various whale stocks, the IWC decided at its meeting in 1982 that there should be a pause in commercial whaling on all whale stocks from 1985/86.
		The pause in commercial whaling does not affect aboriginal subsistence whaling which is permitted from Denmark (Greenland, fin and minke whales), the Russian Federation (Siberia, Gray and bowhead whales), St Vincent and The Grenadines (humpback whales) and the USA (Alaska, bowhead and occasionally Gray whales).
	www.marine.gov.uk /iwc.htm (832 words)

	Defra, UK: News releases 2003: INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION , BERLIN, 16TH-19TH JUNE 2003
		At the meeting pro-whaling nations Norway, Japan and Iceland (the latter readmitted to the IWC at a Special Meeting in October 2002 by a one-vote majority) are set to push for a resumption of commercial whaling with very limited IWC supervision and control regulation.
		The purpose of the ICRW is to safeguard whale stocks for future generations, and provide for the proper and effective conservation of whale stocks, making possible the orderly development of the whaling industry.
		The main duty of the IWC is to review/revise measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention, to regulate whaling operations by vessels under the jurisdiction of contracting governments.
	www.defra.gov.uk /news/2003/030613b.htm (751 words)

	2005 Meeting in Ulsan, Korea
		Last year, the Commission had reaffirmed the Commission’s commitment to work expeditiously to alleviate the continued difficulties caused by the cessation of minke whaling (see Resolution 2004-2).
		Humpback whales taken by St Vincent and The Grenadines - For the seasons 2003-2007 the number of humpback whales to be taken by the Bequians of St. Vincent and the Grenadines shall not exceed 20.
		Following completion of a number of largely procedural issues, business turned to the IWC Scientific Committee’s report on the issue of the status of whale stocks (apart from those subject to aboriginal subsistence whaling and those covered under the implementation process for the Revised Management Procedure, which will be discussed tomorrow).
	www.iwcoffice.org /meetings/meeting2005.htm (2306 words)

	Statement to the 53rd meeting of the International Whaling Commission
		IUCN commends the IWC Secretariat for the production of the draft Schedule text for the RMS that was presented to the RMS Working Group meeting in Monaco earlier this year (document IWC/53/RMS 3) and which has been subject to further discussion by the Working Group here in London.
		IUCN notes that there is unlikely to be wide acceptance of commercial whaling for international trade in the absence of means to determine the origin of products in trade and to distinguish products of whales legitimately caught under the RMS from other products.
		IUCN is alarmed at the recent evidence of continuing deterioration in the condition of the critically endangered western Pacific gray whale population.
	www.iucn.org /en/news/archive/2001_2005/press/whalepolicy.html (907 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Whaling nations set for majority
		But a simple majority would be enough to end IWC work on issues which Japan believes to be outside its remit, such as welfare and killing methods, whale-watching and anything concerning small cetaceans such as dolphins.
		Formed in 1946, the IWC's original purpose was to regulate commercial whaling; and after it became obvious that some species were being depleted to the verge of extinction, that regulation took the most robust form possible: a global moratorium.
		At the IWC's foundation is supposed to be sound science; arguments such as which stocks are sufficiently robust to hunt are in theory answered on a strict scientific basis.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/5066538.stm (1015 words)

	Majority Votes to Legalize Whaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Recent changes in commission membership that led up to this vote will allow pro-whaling nations, led by Japan, to set the agenda of future meetings and steer the governing body away from whale conservation, he says.
		The resolution was presented at the commission's annual meeting, held this year on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts (St.
		Pro-whaling nations argue the abundant whale populations are depleting fish stocks important to the livelihood of small island nations.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2006/06/060619-whaling-ban.html (381 words)

	2006 Meeting in St. Kitts & Nevis
		The Commission agreed on a process for the 2007 meeting to improve facilities for French and Spanish speaking countries and agreed by consensus a resolution on the use of languages other than English.
		The Commission was pleased to received new abundance estimates for the common minke whale (3,500, 95%CI 1,500-7,700) and fin whale (1,700 95%CI 840-3,500) off West Greenland, an area where recent estimates had been lacking.
		In 2004, the Commission had reaffirmed the Commission’s commitment to work expeditiously to alleviate the continued difficulties caused by the cessation of minke whaling (see Resolution 2004-2).
	www.iwcoffice.org /meetings/meeting2006.htm (1758 words)

	Anti-whalers push for revolutionary change - 14 June 2003 - New Scientist
		For the first time, the IWC would seek to actively promote and manage conservation beyond the narrow activity of whaling itself, encompassing issues such as accidental deaths in fishing nets, collisions with boats, the effects of pollution and guidelines for "whale-tourism".
		They also fear it would give the IWC powers to limit or even ban the harvest of smaller cetaceans, such as dolphins and porpoises, which are not currently covered by IWC rules.
		They are impatient for the IWC to complete and introduce a so-called "revised management scheme" allowing commercial whaling to resume.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3831 (418 words)

	International Whaling Commission Action News
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) will vote next week on proposals that are expected to include the lifting of the 19 year old ban.
		The "Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society" (WDCS) reports: "To increase pressure on the IWC to lift the ban, Japan keeps increasing its self-allocated quotas, and has threatened to leave the Commission if its proposed version of the RMS is not adopted at the forthcoming meeting.
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) cited St.Lucia (an IWC member) with the largest IWC-reported Cetacean hunts in the Caribbean, an estimated 65 whales and 96 dolphins killed in 1999.
	www.peggy-oki.com /action_iwc.html (2739 words)

	[No title]
		The International Whaling Commission (IWC) is the global body responsible for the management of whaling and the conservation of whales.
		Membership in the IWC is open to any nation that formally adheres to the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW).
		Non-binding resolutions on any matter concerning whales and whaling may be adopted by a simple majority of member states voting "yes" or "no." Binding decisions (for example, an overturn of the current moratorium on commercial whaling) require a three-quarter majority.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=171534 (437 words)

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