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Topic: International crime

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	International Crime Control Strategy
		International crime is not only a law enforcement problem, it is a formidable and increasing threat to national and international security.
		The impact of international crime is felt directly on the streets and in the communities of the United States.
		International criminals engage in a wide range of dangerous activities, including acquisition and sale of weapons of mass destruction, transfer of sensitive American technology to rogue foreign states, trade in banned or dangerous substances, and trafficking in women and children.
	clinton4.nara.gov /WH/EOP/NSC/html/documents/iccs-frm.html (4744 words)

	KOSOVO BACKGROUNDER: SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS INTERNATIONAL CRIME(Press Release, May 1999)
		Even where the statutory definitions of war crimes or crimes against humanity do not explicitly specify rape or other sexual assaults, they are typically understood to be acts of torture and inhuman treatment.
		These crimes can also be used as instruments to impose conditions calculated to destroy the victims, to sunder their families or to destroy their group's capacity to reproduce.
		They are so universally recognized as abhorrent and in the interests of the entire international community to suppress that any nation may prosecute the perpetrators, regardless of their nationality, the nationality of victims or of where the crime took place.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/eca/kos0510.htm (1691 words)

	International Crime Threat Assessment
		International criminals are attracted to major global commercial and banking centers where they take advantage of gateway seaports and airports, the high volume of international trade, the concentration of modern telecommunications and information systems, and the presence of major financial institutions.
		International criminals spare no expense to corrupt government and law enforcement officials in foreign countries that serve as their bases of operation or as critical avenues for transshipment of drugs, arms, other contraband, illegal aliens, or trafficked women and children.
		International criminals make use of the latest commercial and technological developments to expand and improve the efficiency of their operations, and they have the financial resources to obtain whatever access, know-how, and technology they may need or desire.
	www.fas.org /irp/threat/pub45270chap1.html (4560 words)

	Federal Crime Defense - International Law
		International criminal defense experience is rare but critical to many cases.
		If you are charged with a crime that has international aspects to it, choose an attorney who understands the language of international law.
		Horowitz is one of the most experienced international trial attorneys in the country.
	www.federalcrime.us /internationalcrimes.html (141 words)

	Crimes within the Court's Jurisdiction
		To hold individuals accountable for war crimes or crimes against humanity while granting impunity to the architects of the conflict in which those crimes occurred is not justifiable.
		Others also hope that holding individuals responsible for the crime of aggression will act as a deterrent, and that by deterring an aggressor from beginning a conflict that may lead to a conflagration, the attendant war crimes and crimes against humanity might therefore also be prevented.
		The definition of crimes against humanity contained in the Nürnberg Charter included the requirement that the prohibited acts be committed in connection with crimes against peace or war crimes.
	www.un.org /icc/crimes.htm (2913 words)

	The Official Crime Stoppers International Website - Welcome to Crime Stoppers International Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Crime Stoppers began in Albuquerque, New Mexico in September 1976 and is a partnership of the community, the media and law enforcement designed to combat crime and keep our streets safe.
		Crime Stoppers programs are operated as not for profit charities and are managed by a volunteer board of directors who take responsibility fundraising and paying rewards to individuals who anonymous call with information that helps solve crime.
		On an accumulative basis since 1976 tips to Crime Stoppers have been responsible for the arrests of around 600,000 individuals and led to the seizure of close to $7 billlion in stolen property and illicit drugs.
	www.c-s-i.org (851 words)

	A Supreme International Crime
		If attempts to create such international institutions were abandoned, the clock would be turned back to a time when nations had to depend for their security on the uncertain and shifting patterns of alliances and their own military defenses.
		At the Nuremberg trials, the principles of international law identified by the tribunal and subsequently accepted unanimously by the General Assembly of the United Nations included that the planning, preparation or initiation of a war contrary to the terms of an international treaty was "a crime against peace".
		Instances are the proceedings in the Belgian courts against Ariel Sharon in relation to alleged crimes in the Lebanon, and the active involvement of the courts of Spain in relation to alleged crimes against humanity said to have been committed by Pinochet.
	www.commondreams.org /views03/0310-07.htm (881 words)

	Chile: Torture: An International crime: Even one torture victime is one too many - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The House of Lords held that crimes other than torture and conspiracy to torture, included in the Spanish extradition request were either not extraditable offences, that the description of the conduct did not satisfy the requirements of English law or the crimes were not crimes under international law.
		The six Law Lords agreed on the principle that torture is an international crime over which international law and the parties to the UN Convention against Torture have given universal jurisdiction to all courts wherever the torture occurs.
		In addition, international criminal law is well developed concerning concepts of ancillary criminal responsibility, such as conspiracy, complicity, aiding and abetting and accomplice responsibility, particularly in the case of torture, most recently in the judgment by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engamr220101999 (3160 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics International Justice Statistics
		The Global Report on Crime and Justice brings together, for the first time, enormous amounts of data that have been collected by the United Nations and ancillary bodies concerning crime, criminal justice and crime prevention.
		The International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) is a program of standardized sample surveys to look a householders' experience with crime, policing, crime prevention and feelings of unsafety in a large number of countries.
		It is coordinated by the Department of Justice of the Netherlands in conjunction with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/ijs.htm (801 words)

	Crime against peace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A crime against peace, in international law, refers to the act of military invasion as a war crime, specifically referring to starting or waging war against the integrity, independence, or sovereignty of a territory or state, or else a military violation of relevant international treaties, agreements or legally binding assurances.
		The definition of crimes against peace was first incorporated into the Nuremberg Principles and later included in the United Nations Charter.
		This definition of the crime of aggression belongs to jus cogens, which is supreme in the hierarchy of international law and, therefore, it cannot be modified by, or give way to, any rule of international law but one of the same rank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crime_against_peace (910 words)

	Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The UNODC Crime Programme assists countries in the elaboration ratification and implementation of international criminal law Conventions and protocols, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the recently adopted United Nations Convention against Corruption.
		More than 100 countries have relied on its criminal justice standards and norms for the elaboration of national legislation and policies in matters of crime prevention and criminal justice, leading to a common foundation in the fight against international crime that respects human rights.
		The UNODC Crime Programme promotes the fundamental principles of maintenance of the rule of law through national, regional and interregional activities and technical cooperation activities focus particular attention on developing countries and countries in transition.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/crime_cicp.html (500 words)

	ASIL Electronic Resource Guide
		In its widest context, the source of international criminal law might be derived from the general principles of international law recognized by civilized nations; and therefore, found in the customary law accepted by states, the general criminal law recognized by nations, and the treaties which govern particular conduct.
		International criminal law can also be categorized according to whether the conduct in question is international, constituting an offense against the world community, or whether the act is transnational, affecting the interests of more than one state.
		Many international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, and war crimes are considered violations of the norms of human rights and, as such, are usually covered extensively in traditional human rights research sources.
	www.asil.org /resource/crim1.htm (9225 words)

	Criminal Justice Resources Resources: Organized Crime
		The rapid spread of international crime since the end of the Cold War is unprecedented in scale, facilitated by globalization and technological advances, and poses a significant challenge to the United States and democratic governments and free market economies around the world.
		The International Crime Control Strategy, which was released in May 1998, provides a dynamic action plan that serves as a roadmap for a coordinated, effective, long-term attack on international crime.
		Crime cartels are focusing on a greater diversity of commodities.
	www.lib.msu.edu /harris23/crimjust/orgcrime.htm (6915 words)

	International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) Series
		The project was set up to fill the gap in adequate recording of offenses by the police for purposes of comparing crime rates in different nations and to provide a crime index independent of police statistics as an alternative standardized measure.
		The ICVS is the most far-reaching program of standardized sample surveys to look at a householders' experience with crime, policing, crime prevention, and feelings of insecurity in a large number of nations.
		The main purpose was to sensitize local governments to the dimensions and extent of crime in their urban areas.
	webapp.icpsr.umich.edu /cocoon/NACJD-SERIES/00175.xml (281 words)

	LLRX.com - Fighting Corporate and Government Wrongdoing: A Research Guide to International and U.S. Federal Laws
		It is a crime to fraudulently conceal assets from the bankruptcy custodian, to make a false oath or account as part of the bankruptcy, or to influence or intimidate the officers in the bankruptcy proceedings.
		It is a crime to willfully fail to report the transaction or to attempt to cause an institution to not report a transaction.
		It is a crime to use mail or wire services as part of a "scheme to defraud." The law includes the use of private carriers as well as government mail and wire services.
	www.llrx.com /features/whitecollarcrime.htm (3743 words)

	Mesa Police Crime Free Multi-Housing Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Mesa Police Department Crime Free Programs Supervisor Tim Zehring, founder of the Crime Free Multi-Housing Program, can be seen in New Westminster, B.C. (Canada) which was the first international city to join the Crime Free Multi-Housing Program.
		a tenant crime prevention meeting will be conducted for full certification, and the managers will be granted the use of large metal signs for display on the property.
		After a property is fully certified, it is necessary for management to host one safety-related crime prevention meeting with the residents each year to renew their membership in the Crime Free Multi-Housing program.
	www.cityofmesa.org /police/crime_free/cfmulti.asp (700 words)

	HRW: International Criminal Court
		At the end of the bloodiest century in human history, the international community adopted a treaty creating the world's first independent and permanent International Criminal Court.
		The International Criminal Court (ICC) is able to investigate and prosecute those individuals accused of crimes against humanity, genocide, and crimes of war.
		The Statute outlining the creation of the court was adopted at an international conference in Rome on July 17, 1998.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/icc (566 words)

	Global Issues: Arresting Transnational Crime - Helping the World Combat International Crime
		The 1998 U.S. International Crime Control Strategy, a White House policy document, states: "Police and judicial systems in many developing countries are ill-prepared to combat sophisticated criminal organizations because they lack adequate resources, have limited investigative authorities, or are plagued by corruption.
		Such assistance not only helps build a framework for international law enforcement cooperation, but also enhances the ability of foreign governments to control their own crime problems before they extend beyond their borders.
		It is imperative that law enforcement agencies around the world continue to develop the capacity for enhanced international cooperation, and that the United States and other developed countries assist developing countries in strengthening their criminal sector institutions through training and other technical assistance.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj03.htm (1059 words)

	Welcome to the International Center
		International Center Chief Cindy Smith met with Rikke Kasse, a graduate student at Aalborg University in Denmark, to discuss Ms.
		International Networking Liaison Michael Hronick worked at the OJP exhibit booth and was a panelist as well.
		Members of the delegation included Catherine Hawkins, Assistant Secretary in the International Crime Cooperation Branch; Toni Dawes, Director of the Mutual Assistance Unit of the International Crime Cooperation Branch; and Anthony Seebach, Director of the Extradition Unit of the International Crime Cooperation Branch.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /nij/international (1130 words)

	Interpol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Interpol is encouraging its National Central Bureaus and the international policing community to join together in assisting the Republic of Guinea after a fire severely damaged the police headquarters and the NCB in Conakry, the country’s capital.
		Working together, the building can be rebuilt allowing NCB Conakry to return to full operations in support of policing initiatives locally, in Africa and with all member countries around the world.
		Interpol is the world’s largest international police organization, with 186 member countries.
	www.interpol.int (205 words)

	IACW: North American Branch
		The International Association of Crime Writers is an organization of professional writers who have formed national branches in order to encourage communication among writers of all nationalities and to promote crime writing as an influential and significant art form.
		We support the translation of crime writing into other languages and we speak with a strong voice to defend authors against censorship and other forms of tyranny.
		We also annually award the prestigious Hammett Prize for literary excellence in crime writing to a work of fiction or nonfiction by a U.S. or Canadian author.
	www.crimewritersna.org (188 words)

	t r u t h o u t - Marjorie Cohn \| Aggressive War: Supreme International Crime
		He also said: "If certain acts in violation of treaties are crimes they are crimes whether the United States does them or whether Germany does them, and we are not prepared to lay down a rule of criminal conduct against others which we would not be willing to have invoked against us."
		Bush and the officials in his administration are committing the crime of aggression.
		Under the doctrine of command responsibility, a commander can be held liable if he knew or should have known his inferiors were committing war crimes and he failed to prevent or stop them.
	www.truthout.org /docs_04/110904A.shtml (1447 words)

	AETN International - Crime & Investigation Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Crime and Investigation Network examines stories behind the headlines, biographies of infamous murderers, serial killers and outlaws and probes unexplained mysteries.
		Be at the scene of the crime to witness all facets of police work from the crime scene to the forensics lab.
		Crime and Investigation launched in the United Kingdom on July, 2006.
	www.aetninternational.com /build_ci.jsp (1035 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - FBI History Rise of International Crime: 1980's
		The expanded Department of Justice attention to drug crimes resulted in the confiscation of millions of dollars in controlled substances, the arrests of major narcotics figures, and the dismantling of important drug rings.
		Expanded resources were not limited to "established" crime areas like terrorism and violent crime.
		Under Director Sessions, crime prevention efforts, in place since Director Kelley's tenure, were expanded to include a drug demand reduction program.
	www.fbi.gov /libref/historic/history/rise.htm (885 words)

	cybercrime.gov
		Some of the challenges faced by law enforcement on the international front include: harmonization of countries' criminal laws; locating and identifying perpetrators across borders; and securing electronic evidence of their crimes so that they may be brought to justice.
		The United States actively participated in the drafting of the Cybercrime Convention from the beginning and accepted comments and consulted with interested persons and groups, especially after the draft text was first made public in April 2000.
		The conference sought to combat child pornography and exploitation on the Internet and was based on existing international obligations and committments for the protection of children, including the Conventionon the Rights of the Child.
	www.cybercrime.gov /intl.html (2171 words)

	ICPC - Welcome Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		It helps to bridge the gap between knowledge and action by focusing on the WHAT and the HOW for effective and sustainable crime prevention.
		Also, the Saragossa Conference, organized by the European Forum for Urban Security in Spain, ended with the release of a Manifesto.
		The 12th German Congress on Crime Prevention will take place June 18 and 19, 2007 in the state capital of Wiesbaden, Germany.
	www.crime-prevention-intl.org (161 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics > Murders (per capita) by country
		Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
		UN-crime survey sates: "The statistics cannot take into account the differences that exist between the legal definitions of offences in various countries, of the different methods of tallying, etc.Consequently, the figures used in these statistics must be interpreted with great caution.
		Where is the most crime on the eastern seaboard besides D.C. I heard it was Camden NJ/PENN.
	www.nationmaster.com /graph/cri_mur_percap-crime-murders-per-capita (1276 words)

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