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	Environmental law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Environmental law is a body of law, which is a system of complex and interlocking rules, regulations and policies which seeks to protect the natural environment which may be affected, impacted or even endangered by human activities.
		Most environmental laws regulate the quantum and nature of impacts of human activities: for example, setting allowable levels of pollution.
		Other environmental laws are preventative in nature and seek to assess the possible impacts before the human activites can occur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Environmental_law (113 words)

	Law and Justice - Environment and International Law (International Environmental Law) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modern international law has its roots in the public law of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries-law that was created to govern the diplomatic, commercial, military, and other relations of the society of Christian States.
		While the status of international environmental law as a discipline, in and of itself, is disputed by a few international scholars who believe that no autonomous "international law" exists apart from the general international law, it appears well established that environmental perspectives and concerns have stimulated and catalyzed international legal development.
		The term 'enforcement' in the context of international environmental law refers to the measures taken to ensure the fulfillment of international legal obligations, or to obtain a ruling by an appropriate international body that obligations are not being fulfilled.
	www4.worldbank.org /legal/legen/legen_iel.html (3005 words)

	International environmental law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		International environmental law is the body of international law that concerns the protection of the global environment.
		There have been many legally-binding international agreements concerning the protection of the environment, but in this area of international law soft law is more common than normal.
		Important cases have included the various nuclear test cases (New Zealand vs. France) before the International Court of Justice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_environmental_law (105 words)

	Law and Justice - Environment and International Law (International Environmental Conventions) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It will be recalled that the two main sources of international law (as defined by the 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice) are international conventions and international customary law (Article 38(1) of the Statute).
		Although it is possible for new rules of custom to emerge relatively swiftly, the speed with which awareness of global environmental problems has reached the international political agenda has meant that customary law has tended to take second place to treaty or conventional law in the evolution of legal norms.
		Another important aspect of international environmental regulation is the development of "soft law": non-binding instruments which lay down guidelines or desiderata for future action, or through which states commit themselves politically to meeting certain objectives.
	www4.worldbank.org /legal/legen/legen_iec.html (313 words)

	Hunton & Williams \| International Environmental Law
		Environmental law is a hallmark of Hunton & Williams’ International and European practices.
		Hunton & Williams’ environmental attorneys are recognized for their expertise in representing buyers, sellers and lenders in cross-border project finance, leasing and merger and acquisition transactions.
		International and European environmental law has grown significantly. Business operations and products are now subject to a complex set of domestic and international norms. The Firm's international and European environmental attorneys—who lecture and publish frequently—monitor the most recent international and European environmental trends to determine impacts on clients’ operations and products.
	www.hunton.com /practices/practice_detail.aspx?gr_H4ID=981&tab=0001 (555 words)

	International Environmental Law Research Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Growth of international environmental law as a separate area of public international law began in the 1970s with the Stockholm Conference on the Environment in 1972.
		Environmental law is also cutting across other areas of international law, such as commercial/business law, trade, and human rights.
		International cooperation in the form of treaties, agreements, resolutions created by intergovernmental organizations as well as national laws and regulations are being used to protect the environment.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /intl/guides/environment (318 words)

	Environmental Law - International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		International environmental law resource page with links to international environmental law centers, international environmental law foundations, international environmental law commissions, international environmental law resources, international environmental treaties, and much more.
		Its mission is to deliver world class environmental law and policy post-graduate teaching, publish cutting-edge research, and stimulate environmental legal and policy development.
		From the Faculty of Law, University of Auckland.
	www.washlaw.edu /forint/alpha/e/environmentallaw.htm (477 words)

	LAM6010 - INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This module explores the gradual development of principles of international environmental law and considers how these are applied in relation to particular environmental issues such as atmospheric pollution and the conservation of biological diversity.
		The tensions between environmental requirements and other aspects of international legal relations, notably with respect to trade, are also considered.
		Overall, the module invites the student to examine the significance of the environment in the international playing field and the significance of international agreements for the protection of the global, regional and local environment.
	www.aber.ac.uk /modules/2002/LAM6010.html (110 words)

	International Environmental Law Update - Torrie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Three of the central treaties that establish the norms and standards of international environmental law are the Law of the Seas Treaty (which is now in force internationally, even though Canada has refused to sign it); the Framework Convention on Climate Change; and the Biodiversity Convention.
		Judge Panzer called on citizens to stand on the side of the Rule of Law and physically interfere with actions which are in breach of International environmental law.
		If the courts become filled with protesters declaring that they were blockading to uphold international environmental law, hopefully judges will expand their horizons to include these treaties as a source of law and equity in Canada.
	www.bcen.bc.ca /bcerart/Vol8/internat.htm (740 words)

	ASIL Electronic Resource Guide
		An additional source is customary international law, which is often evidenced by national legislation, government statements, restatements of the law, and the interpretations of international tribunals such as the International Court of Justice and other arbitral bodies.
		National laws often contribute to the formation of customary international environmental law.
		Environmental law journals have embraced electronic publication, and a number provide either the full text or abstracts of articles on the Internet.
	www.asil.org /resource/env1.htm (6280 words)

	LAWS # 666 INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Environmental concerns transcend national borders, but present distinctly different issues to differing groups of countries in an area where "soft" law predominates.
		This course looks at the nature of the international law process in this area (with its limited number of treaty and substantive law principles), economic and other perspectives on natural resource usage, state sovereignty and abiding tensions between industrialized and developing countries concerning pollution problems (beyond prohibitions, to technology transfer and the "who pays" question).
		Since established law is minimal, this course examines the framework for international environmental law de lege ferenda.
	www.law.sc.edu /linnan/666s99sy.htm (999 words)

	Law: International Environmental Law
		The course will look at the content and evolution of international environmental law with a special focus upon international treaties that deal with global environmental issues and conservation, as well as exploring the interface between environmental and developmental issues.
		Examine the content of 'environmental rights' (both non-anthropocentric and anthropocentric) and the extent to which they have influenced the debate surrounding, and content of, international environmental agreements.
		Examine the effectiveness of international environmental law and especially the role of international organisations and dispute resolution procedures.
	www.buckingham.ac.uk /law/llm/courses/intenvironment.html (223 words)

	NYU School of Law - Clinics, International Environmental Law Clinic
		Students research and prepare position papers for clients on the negotiation and implementation of international and regional environmental agreements and analyze and develop strategies on law reform and policy initiatives to ensure that development and policies are protective of the environment.
		Given that international and developing country environmental law is still in an early stage, students will have to develop innovative approaches to the questions of law and policy involved in their projects.
		Assistance to an environmental group in Spain on the development of legal principles and regimes to ensure environmentally sound management of rivers shared by Spain with France and with Portugal.
	www.law.nyu.edu /clinics/semester/intlenvtl (735 words)

	GO/ES 334: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
		Environmental problems provide a set of cases in which widespread cooperation is both important and quite difficult.
		This course, then, is really about the intersection of international relations, international law, and environmental politics, and about learning how and when they can intersect in a beneficial way.
		Each student will be assigned (with her own input) an international environmental treaty to examine during the course of the semester.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/DeSombre/325.html (1492 words)

	LL448 International Environmental Law
		The course aims at providing a good introduction to the customs, treaties and concepts of international law relating to control or prevention of pollution and for protection and conservation of living resources.
		Definition of International Environmental law; factors influencing development; applicable principles of international law preceding 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE); the UNCHE and UNEP (UN Environment Programme); developments under UNEP.
		Emerging principles of international wildlife law concerning land-based and maritime species needing protection for survival; regulatory techniques and powers; state responsibilities; regional and international approaches; organisational framework; dispute settlement; new enforcement techniques, such as control of trade in endangered species; protection of habitats; relevant international and regional conventions and customs.
	www.lse.ac.uk /resources/calendar2004-2005/courseGuides/LL/2004_LL448.htm (287 words)

	INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
		Attention will primarily be devoted to the international law and policy responses to global and regional environmental and resource management issues.
		Basic principles will be discussed prior to taking a sectoral approach in looking at the application of international environmental law in specific issue areas.
		The focus is on law and policy that has been applied to deal with environmental problems in an international and transboundary context.
	www.law.usyd.edu.au /~acel/A_program_2003/4_description_of_units/Jul_Semester/international_environmental_law.htm (125 words)

	International Environmental Law Researcher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The intern will create databases and reports containing international environmental laws, and will also develop an analysis on the relationship between international law and policies and national Salvadoran laws and policies that can support the resolution of environmental conflicts.
		Based on international case studies, the intern will recommend advocacy strategies and tools for the different decision making institutions in order to encourage El Salvador to subscribe to and comply with international environmental conventions and protocols.
		Their work is based on a principal of environmental security - the idea that environmental problems affect human economic stability, health, and cultural prosperity.
	www.acdi-cida.gc.ca /cida_ind.nsf/9279735f2d2df115852569a400544873/91607095823399b585256bc00066462b?OpenDocument (289 words)

	International Environmental Law
		Introduction: Types of information: laws, cases, and treaties from national and international bodies; scholarly discussions of the law; news; scientific and technical reports; policy studies.
		The Law Library catalog and the UW Libraries catalog (which does not include the Law Library, but does include Fisheries-Oceanography, Engineering, and other branch libraries) are both available through several interfaces: on dedicated terminals in the library (WILLOW), via UWIN (available through the same account where you use email), and via WinWillow (a Windows-based interface).
		Sources of International Law: (1) international conventions (treaties), (2) international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law, (3) the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, (4) judicial decisions and teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations.
	lib.law.washington.edu /_archive/intenv.htm (3877 words)

	International Environmental Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		National environmental protection is a relatively recent concern; international protection of the environment is also comparatively recent although some of the law in this area draws upon law that was well-established in other areas.
		States have … the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other states or areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
		In reality, it is hard to see how one could consider such principles and conclude that the use of nuclear weapons was permissible under international law, although the ICJ stopped well short of actually saying this.
	facstaff.gallaudet.edu /david.penna/EnvLaw.html (631 words)

	Aspen Publishers - International Marine Environmental Law: Institutions, Implementation and Innovations
		This volume deals with institutions, implementation and innovations in the field of international marine environmental law.
		Among the key issues covered are implementation and enforcement of environmental conventions; the avoidance, prevention and settlement of disputes; and, liability and compensation for environmental damage.
		This volume is based on contributions made at the International Conference on Marine Environmental Law (ICMEL), held by the GAUSS Institute in Bremen, Germany.
	www.aspenpublishers.com /Product.asp?catalog_name=Aspen&category_name=&product_id=9041120661 (248 words)

	HLS Library: ILS Web Sites: International Environmental Law
		United Nations Environmental Programme (from UNEP) - the Secretariats for many of the major environmental conventions can be accessed using the UNEP website.
		Division of Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (from the UN)
		Environmental Issues and Policy Index provided online by EBSCOhost, provides citation and abstracting information for articles from more than 1,000 international journals, with continuing coverage of over 500 sources.
	www.law.harvard.edu /library/services/research/guides/international/web_resources/environmental.php (748 words)

	Documents in International Environmental Law - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Documents in International Environmental Law is the companion volume to the second edition of Philippe Sands’ Principles of International Environmental Law.
		It comprises a representative selection of international environmental treaties and documents which are essential for anyone interested in international law in the field of environmental protection.
		This edition represents an up-to-date collection of the most important documents and aims to make the text and the key information on the legal status of the various acts, including its parties where a treaty is concerned, easily accessible to students, academics and practitioners.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /law/sands (275 words)

	International Environmental Law Project
		Students participate directly in international environmental legal processes by preparing documents and materials for meetings of the parties to international conventions and organizations, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the International Whaling Commission, and NAFTA’s environmental commission.
		Students may also prepare submissions to international tribunals to enforce international environmental law or draft new international environmental treaties.
		These documents may be prepared on behalf of environmental organizations, governments, or international institutions.
	www.lclark.edu /dept/lawreg/law754.html (129 words)

	International Environmental Law Pathfinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy is available from 1/1/1999 to present in Wilson Select Plus; from Summer 1995 to present in Academic Universe.
		Environmental Law is available as follows: [from 1/1/1993 to present in Expanded Academic ASAP] [from Fall 1981 to present in Academic Universe]
		Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation is available from 1995 to present in Academic Universe.
	www.rhodes.edu /library/pathfinders/IntlEnvLaw.html (921 words)

	IELRC.ORG - Differential Treatment in International Environmental Law
		The book examines the development of differentiation in international environmental law, considers its application in various environmental treaties and evaluates the legal status of existing differential norms.
		It also examines the contribution of differentiation to the implementation of environmental treaties and the extent to which differential treatment fosters the decentralization of international environmental policy making.
		The field of international environmental law and policy is an extraordinary laboratory for detecting, demonstrating and even inspiring the evolving nature of the international system.
	www.ielrc.org /books/b0301.htm (437 words)

	International Environmental Law
		Such components are produced in environmentally unsound conditions, as CFCs are used in their production processes.
		In recent months, tensions have arisen with the United States where environmental groups have claimed that the US should no longer import electronic components from Wasteland since these components are produced in an environmentally unsound way.
		Trade unions have joined environmental groups and claimed that Wasteland’s production processes give this country a competitive advantage as its companies do not have to cover the costs of compliance with strict regulation governing ozone-depleting substances.
	www.law.harvard.edu /academics/registrar/exams_02-03/html/geradin1.html (845 words)

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