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Topic: International normalized ratio

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		International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a world-wide routinely used factor in the monitoring of oral anticoagulation treatment (OAT).
		Of these, 35 were normal healthy donors (group I), 73 were patients on medication different than OAT (group II) and 95 were patients on stable oral anticoagulant (acenocoumarol) therapy lasting for at least half a year prior to the study.
		The values of INR and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio, as well as activities of FII, FVII, FX, protein C, and concentration of prothrombin F1+2 fragments and fibrinogen were obtained for all subjects.
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=83460&recNo=7&toc=1 (485 words)

	ENW: Research- International Normalized Ratio (INR) [Emergency Nursing World !]
		The INR was developed to incorporate the ISI values and attempt to make PT results uniformly useable.
		The ISI value is critical for calculation of the INR, because the ISI value is the exponent in the formula.
		However, it loses precision and accuracy when used to convert PT ratios obtained with less-sensitive thromboplastin reagents or when automated clot detection systems are used.
	enw.org /Research-INR.htm (1046 words)

	s000816c - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, INR Goal
		Differences in INR measurements are seen in patients with a high intensity of anticoagulation and in patients who either just started or in whom no stable anticoagulation has been achieved.Abbreviated Abstract.
		INR values with the recombinant reagent were significantly higher than with the combined reagent in 8 LA patients (mean DINR ranging from 0.17 to 0.54) of the degree of anticoagulation was overestimated in all but one LA patients with the recombinant reagent when compared to the DINR observed in non-LA patients (-0.64 +/- 0.42).
		Retrospective studies have suggested that patients with APLA are resistant to oral anticoagulant therapy, with a targeted International Normalization Ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0, and that a higher intensity of anticoagulation (INR: 2.6 to 4.5) is required to prevent recurrent thromboembolism.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/s000816c.html (3982 words)

	Use of different thromboplastin reagents causes greater variability in international normalized ratio results than ...
		The purpose of this study was to compare the effect that variations in the length of specimen storage has on the INR with the effect associated with use of different thromboplastin reagents.
		International normalized ratios produced with the different reagents were compared pairwise using the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis.
		The INR at 0 hours was not statistically different from that at 24 hours when testing was performed using a recombinant thromboplastin with ISI near 1 (either Innovin or RecombiPlasTin).
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_199811/ai_n8810726 (765 words)

	International Normalized Ratio (INR)
		The international normalized ratio (INR) system is viewed as the best means of standardizing measurement of prothrombin time to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy.
		Normal INR for those receiving warfarin therapy is 2.0 to 3.0.
		For those with mechanical prosthetic heart valves, an INR of2.5 to 3.5 is suggested.
	www.diagnostic-medical-tests.com /hematology-coagulation-tests/international-normalized-ratio.htm (336 words)

	p990105a - INR & Lupus Anticoagulant
		INR were determined using 8 different thromboplastin reagents on the same automated coagulation instrument.
		Finally, the relationship between INR (average value obtained using the 8 reagents) and factor X was identical in non-LA and in LA patient groups.
		Our data does not support the suggestion that the INR may not reflect the true level of anticoagulation in the long-term warfarin-treated patient, in whom lupus anticoagulant was detected.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p000105a.html (880 words)

	Thrombosis Journal \| Full text \| Multivariate relationships between international normalized ratio and vitamin ...
		International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a world-wide routinely used factor in the monitoring of oral anticoagulation treatment (OAT).
		Normally, small amounts of these proteins are found in bloodstream, and are considered hallmarks of the ongoing thrombin generation occurring at sites with exposed tissue factor [16].
		To date the INR was considered a solely used universal measure of an overall coagulation blood capacity and numerous studies have proved its excellent usefulness for the monitoring of OAT.
	www.thrombosisjournal.com /content/1/1/7 (5139 words)

	CoaguChek System \| Medical Information / Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio
		Prothrombin time and international normalised ratio are the parameters used to follow up the success of oral anticoagulation therapy.
		In a person not receiving oral anticoagulation the "normal" Quick value is between 80 and 120%.
		INR makes coagulation measurements extensively comparable despite the numbers of different thromboplastins used.
	www.coaguchek.com /uk/index.php?target=/en/professionals/medical_information/prothrombin_time_international_normalized_ratio (517 words)

	MICROMEDEX(R) Healthcare Series
		The international normalized ratio (INR) increased from 2.75 to 3.6 and both warfarin and indomethacin were stopped.
		His INR decreased to 1.4 four days later, and subsequent follow-up showed his INR to remain between 1.8 and 2.5 when warfarin was reinstated at his previous dose.
		The prothrombin time ratio or international normalized ratio (INR) should be closely monitored with the addition and withdrawal of amiodarone, and periodically reassessed during concurrent therapy.
	healthlinks.washington.edu /primeanswers/talks/evergreen/mdexdxinteractions.html (3182 words)

	INR reporting of prothrombin time - International Normalized Ratio Medical Laboratory Observer - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Normal PT is obtained by averaging the PTs of a group of healthy individuals not taking medications.
		Exponential smoothing was used to demonstrate the trends in the interindividual INR average and standard deviations.
		Figure 2 shows the exponentially smoothed interindividual INR averages and standard deviations over the period of the study.(4) Also shown are all of the individual INR values.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3230/is_n5_v26/ai_16026646 (693 words)

	Use of different thromboplastin reagents causes greater variability in international normalized ratio results than ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The INR results for all specimens at 0 and 24 hours were analyzed using the paired Students t test.
		International normalized ratios produced with the different reagents were compared pairwise using the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis.
		The INR at 0 hours was not statistically different from that at 24 hours when testing was performed using a recombinant thromboplastin with ISI near 1 (either Innovin or RecombiPlasTin).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_199811/ai_n8810726 (765 words)

	International normalized ratio definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on ...
		International normalized ratio: A system, commonly called the INR, established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for reporting the results of blood coagulation (clotting) tests.
		All results are standardized using the international sensitivity index for the particular thromboplastin reagent and instrument combination utilized to perform the test.
		This international standardization permits the patient on warfarin to travel and still obtain comparable test results.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9184 (273 words)

	NICL Laboratories: Customer Resources - Prothrombin Time with International Normalized Ratio (INR) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reported INR results are independent of the reagents and methods used and are specifically intended for assessing patients stabilized on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.
		INR is the result of the patient PT/mean normal PT, exponentially equalized by the ISI.
		For normal patients (patients not on anticoagulant therapy) with present patient PT/control ratio equal to 1:0, the INR value is also going to equal 1.0 regardless of the ISI or the particular performing laboratory.
	www.nicl.com /customer/prothrombin.html (211 words)

	the Drug Monitor- INR - Nasr Anaizi, PhD
		Until a few years ago, the warfarin dose was altered based on the ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) relative to the (normal) PT of a control preparation.
		The INR value depends on the sensitivity ratio of the thromboplastin reagent used in the laboratory relative to the International Reference Preparation (IRP), a sensitive thromboplastin prepared from human brain.
		The "observed PT ratio" is the ratio of the patient's PT divided by "the control PT".
	www.thedrugmonitor.com /inr.html (480 words)

	In-house Calibration of the International Sensitivity Index or Calibration Curve for Determination of the International ...
		In this study of licensed laboratories performing routine coagulation testing in the Province of Ontario, Canada, the determination of the INR by a calibration curve was compared with the laboratories' usual method of assessment.
		International normalized ratios derived by both methods were analyzed for accuracy and precision.
		Manually calibrated INR values ("true" values) were assigned to each sample by using a lyophilized rabbit brain thromboplastin (RBT 1010) against fresh coumadin-treated plasmas.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200403/ai_n9350417 (817 words)

	Glossary
		A group of specialized cells that receive impulses from the atria of the heart and pass the impulses to the ventricles, causing them to contract.
		The sensation of an irregular or erratic heartbeat at a rate that may be normal, fast, or slow.
		Fibrillation in which normal rhythm cannot be restored using drug therapy or other treatment measures.
	www.afadvisor.org /c/common/glossary.aspx (957 words)

	Hepatitis C, Standard Reporting The International Normalized Ratio (INR), Current Information On Hepatitis C & ...
		The INR is a standardized system of reporting PT, based on a referenced calibration model and calculated by comparing the patient's PT with a control value.
		Factored into this calculation is the International Sensitivity Index (ISI), also developed by WHO, which is a determination of each reagent's degree of sensitivity, compared with that of a specific reference thromboplastin (which was assigned an ISI of 1.0).
		This is surprising, considering the INR's potential value as a marker--one that allows for comparisons of values, regardless of the source or sensitivity of the thromboplastin reagent used.
	www.hepatitis-central.com /hcv/labs/inr.html (854 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed
		During phase I trials with normal healthy volunters and phase II study patients who were given warfarin and concomitant anti-IIa or anti-Xa agents, it has been reported that INR values were falsely elevated.
		Because of the false elevation of INR values with some of the non-oral anticoagulant drugs, patients who are on concomitant warfarin therapy should be carefully evaluated for their corresponding INR values for proper dosing.
		To avoid dosing errors it is best not to use the INR values in the therapeutic monitoring of anti-Xa and anti-IIa agents either in the monotherapeutic or polytherapeutic modalities.
	www.asco.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=15497016 (429 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions About Argatroban
		The relationship between the INR on cotherapy and warfarin alone is dependent on both the dose of Argatroban and the thromboplastin reagent used.
		This relationship is influenced by the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of the thromboplastin.
		Once the decision is made to initiate oral anticoagulant therapy, it is important to recognize the coadministration of Argatroban and warfarin has the potential for combined effects on the INR (see Effect on International Normalized Ratio).
	www.argatroban.com /argatroban_faqs.htm (2229 words)

	Anticoagulant Therpy - About Argatroban
		Once the decision is made to initiate oral anticoagulant therapy, it is important to recognize the potential for combined effects on the INR with coadministration of Argatroban and warfarin (see Effect on International Normalized Ratio).
		The INR value for warfarin alone (INRW) can be calculated from the INR value for the combination regimen of Argatroban and warfarin as described in Effect on International Normalized Ratio.
		[2] The relationship between INR obtained on combined therapy and INR obtained on warfarin alone is dependent on both the dose of Argatroban and the thromboplastin reagent used (see Effect on International Normalized Ratio in the FAQs).
	www.argatroban.com /argatroban_therapy.htm (554 words)

	ENW: Research- International Normalized Ratio (INR) [Emergency Nursing World !]
		The ISI value is critical for calculation of the INR, because the ISI value is the exponent in the formula.
		sing the INR in other medical conditions, such as coagulopathy or liver disease has not been deemed appropriate as of this time, because INR was originally developed using anticoagulated patient populations.
		However, it loses precision and accuracy when used to convert PT ratios obtained with less-sensitive thromboplastin reagents or when automated clot detection systems are used.
	www.enw.org /Research-INR.htm (1061 words)

	International normalized ratio - The Doctors Lounge(TM)
		The international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin ratio (PR) and prothrombin time (PT) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
		The prothrombin ratio is the prothrombin time for a patient, divided by the result for control plasma.
		The INR is the ratio of a patient prothrombin time to a normal (control) sample, raised to the power of the ISI.
	www.doctorslounge.com /hematology/labs/inr.htm (370 words)

	qa_12_03 - College of American Pathologists (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The International Normalized Ratio method of reporting prothrombin time values was introduced in 1983 to standardize laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy.
		The INR is calculated as the PT ratio (patient PT divided by the geometric mean normal PT) raised to the power of the ISI.
		For example, given a PT ratio of 2.0, a ±5 percent difference in ISI in a reagent with an ISI value of 2.0 causes the INR to vary from 3.7 to 4.3, while a reagent having an ISI of 1.0 causes the INR to vary from 1.9 to 2.1 (Fig.
	www.cap.org /apps/docs/cap_today/q_and_a/qa_12_03.html (1125 words)

	AccuChecker Web Site - AccuLibrary Article
		The standardized use of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) allows physicians to determine the level of anticoagulation in a patient independent of the laboratory reagents used.
		The INR is the ratio of the patient’s population time compared to the mean prothrombin time for a group of normal individuals.
		The monitoring of patient’s INR level to maintain patients within the therapeutic range is accomplished in a physician’s office, anticoagulant clinics, or home monitoring.
	www.accuchecker.com /AccuLibrary/Articles/prothrombininr.asp (586 words)

	[No title]
		If there is serious liver disease and cirrhosis, the liver may not produce the normal amount of proteins and then the blood is not able to clot normally.
		When your doctor is evaluating the function of your liver, a high INR usually means that the liver is not working as well as it could because it is not making the blood clot normally.
		The INR is another way of measuring the blood-clotting time and it is easier to determine than the PT.
	www.hepatitis.va.gov /vahep?page=diag-tests-02-09&css=0 (154 words)

	Prothrombin Time - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library
		Normal values may vary from lab to lab.
		A method of standardizing prothrombin time results, called the international normalized ratio (INR) system, has been developed to compare prothrombin time results among labs using different test methods.
		Using the INR system, treatment to prevent blood clots (anticoagulant therapy) remains consistent even if a person has the test done at different labs.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw203083/results.htm (236 words)

	Risk Management in Long Term Care
		When two PTs and INRs run on successive days or intervals and the results obtained are in the therapeutic range without a dosage change, the frequency of monitoring the PT and INR can be reduced to once weekly.
		This ratio of the patient's PT to the mean reference control for the laboratory is termed the prothrombin time ratio (PTR).
		If the INR is above the therapeutic range but below 6.0, the patient is not bleeding, and rapid reversal is not indicated, then the next few warfarin doses can be omitted and warfarin commenced at a lower dose when the INR or PT returns to the therapeutic range.
	www.ascp.com /publications/tcp/1996/apr/rmltc.html (8856 words)

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