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Topic: International relations within the Comecon

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	International relations within the Comecon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Council for Mutual Economic Assistance" (Comecon) was an economic organization of communist states, created in 1949, and dissolved in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		International relations within Comecom is best discussed under three separate categories, as the nature of the relationships between the Soviet Union and its constituent members were not homogeneous.
		In 1984, increases in capital investments within Comecon were the highest for Vietnam and Cuba — coming to 26.9 % for Vietnam, and 14 % for Cuba, compared with 3.3 % and less, for the others, except Poland and Romania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_relations_within_the_Comecon (1417 words)

	Comecon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The military counterpart to the Comecon was the Warsaw Pact.
		The Comecon served for four decades as a framework for cooperation among the planned economies of the Soviet Union, its allies in Central and Eastern Europe, and, later, Soviet allies in the Third World.
		The descriptive term Comecon applied to all multilateral activities involving members of the organization and was not restricted to the direct functions of Comecon and its organs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/COMECON (2190 words)

	Comecon - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 –; 1991, was an economic organisation of communist states and a kind of Eastern European equivalent to the European Economic Community.
		Comecon served for four decades as a framework for cooperation among the planned economies of the Soviet Union, its allies in Eastern Europe, and, later, Soviet allies in the Third World.
		This usage could be extended as well to bilateral relations among members, because in the system of socialist international economic relations, multilateral accords – typically of a general nature – tended to be implemented through a set of more detailed, bilateral agreements.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Comecon (2188 words)

	NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
		This is a customary view: international relations is seen as a realm of violence, of war, in contrast to state-societies which are perceived peaceful, where the use of violence is abnormal and illegitimate.
		Closely related to the characterization of international relations by the legitimacy of violence is its depiction as a state of war.
		Related to the belief in an international state of nature is the view of international relations as chaotic.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/WPP.CHAP2.HTM (7482 words)

	Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The USSR was created and expanded as a union of Soviet republics formed within the territory of the Russian Empire abolished by the Russian Revolution of 1917 followed by the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920.
		Relations with the United States and Western Europe were also of major concern to Soviet foreign policy makers, and relations with individual Third World states were at least partly determined by the proximity of each state to the Soviet border and to Soviet estimates of its strategic significance.
		One republic, Karelo-Finnish SSR, was disbanded in 1956, and the territory formally became the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) within the Russian SFSR.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_Union (6733 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Albania / Glossary
		Albania was effectively expelled from Comecon in 1962 after the rift in relations between Moscow and Tiranë.
		Comecon was created in 1949, ostensibly to promote economic development of member states through cooperation and specialization, but actually to enforce Soviet economic domination of Eastern Europe and to provide a counterweight to the Marshall Plan.
		An international organization of communist parties, founded and controlled by the Soviet Union in 1947 and dissolved in 1956.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/albania/al_glos.html (2512 words)

	The Single European Act and 1992:
		Within the EC Member States are aware of the strong impact which the process of integration has had on the respective national constitutional orders.
		Because of this express reference to the rules of international trade law, the Court of Justice felt to be bound to apply GATT and other international trade law in order to establish whether the Commission had acted in accordance with these provisions referred to in the New Instrument being part of secondary Community law.
		This, in terms of international trade law, precedential case demonstrates that even the GATT with its many generalities is precise enough to be interpreted and applied by courts and that judges are not overburdened by complex economic assessments when dealing with GATT disputes.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol1/No1/art5-04.html (2269 words)

	World Guide to Logotypes, Emblems and Trademarks of International Organizations
		Some criteria were: the font used; the location of the name in relation to the logo; the presence of or lack of a version of the logo without the name.
		For example, the logo of the International Association for Sports and Leisure Facilities consists of a circle within a square; it is indexed under the heading “circle and square”.
		The logo of Richmond Fellowship International consists of a circle within a square, and the square has a roof on it, thus making the whole logo “free-form”; it is indexed under the headings “circle and square”, “circle and free-form”, and “square and free-form”.
	www.uia.org /logotypes/pub.php (3845 words)

	OPEC Encyclopedia Articles @ OfficialTexts.com (Official Texts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		At that time, OPEC nations — including many who had recently nationalized their oil industries — joined the call for a new international economic order to be initiated by coalitions of primary producers.
		Concluding the First OPEC Summit in Algiers they called for stable and just commodity prices, an international food and agriculture program, technology transfer from North to South, and the democratization of the economic system.
		International Energy Agency: a rival body founded during the 1973 crisis by the OECD
	www.officialtexts.com /encyclopedia/OPEC (1081 words)

	The world's top comecon websites
		The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA; in Russian: Сове́т Экономи́ческой Взаимопо́мощи = СЭВ, in Czech: Rada vzájemné hospodářské pomoci – RVHP), 1949 –; 1991, was an economic organisation of Communist countries and a kind of Eastern European equivalent to the European Economic Community.
		Parallel efforts have sought to develop Comecon as a mechanism through which to coordinate the foreign economic policies of the members as well as their actual relations with nonmember countries and such organizations as the EEC and the United Nations.
		This usage may be extended as well to bilateral relations among members, because in the system of socialist international economic relations, multilateral accords--typically of a general nature--tended to be implemented through a set of more detailed, bilateral agreements.
	www.websbiggest.com /wiki-article-tab.cfm/comecon (2115 words)

	Cuba - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Castro alleges that defense is the only reason he has implemented aggressive Cuban espionage and related extraterritorial activity revised from the 1960s to the present day.
		At first, Castro was reluctant to discuss his plans for the future, but eventually he declared himself a communist, explained that he was trying to build socialism in Cuba, focusing on free health care and education for all, and began close political and economic relations with the Soviet Union.
		Groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch also criticize the alleged censorship, the lack of press freedom in Cuba, the lack of civil rights, the outlawing of political opposition groups and unions, and the lack of free and democratic elections.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/u/b/Cuba.html (6241 words)

	HLAS 51 International Relations Latin America
		In addition, as has traditionally been the case in the study of Latin American international relations, the choice of topics to be studied has followed the rise and fall of current issues: policy analyses were concerned especially and increasingly with narcotraffic, democratization and redemocratization, and human rights.
		A leader in the study of Latin America's international relations, Silva-Michelena died in late 1986 at the age of 52; these are his last works.
		He addresses the numerous international situational and domestic bureaucratic and social problems and obstacles impinging on US policy action, and considers the available alternative options; his argument that US policy failures are rooted in the realist perspectives of the international politics on which they are based is particularly interesting (item bi 89002813).
	lcweb2.loc.gov /hlas/ss51ir-atkins.html (1619 words)

	The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA/Comecon)
		The precise reasons for Comecon's formation in the aftermath of World War II are quite complex, given the political and economic turmoil of that time.
		Comecon members adopted the Comprehensive Program at a time when they were actively developing economic relations with the rest of the world, especially with the industrialized Western economies.
		Comecon has served for more than three decades as a framework for cooperation among the planned economies of the Soviet Union, its allies in Eastern Europe, and, now, Soviet allies in the Third World.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/CMEA.html (9894 words)

	Undergraduate Studies: UD Political Science & International Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		This is the introductory course to comparison of politics "within nations." Instructors examine various case studies drawn from throughout the world to elucidate key concepts in comparative political inquiry.
		Examines patterns of international relations within Southeast Asia and between the region and greater powers, Southeast Asia's insecurity and patterns of relations at the domestic, regional and global levels.
		Origins, sources and applications of law to international relations, including the nature of treaties, the legal powers of states and international organizations, jurisdiction and immunities, and the role of international courts.
	www.udel.edu /poscir/underminor.htm (3315 words)

	Amazon.ca: International Economic Institutions: Sixth Edition: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The growing influence of the major international economic organizations on members and non-members alike makes it imperative that the rules and functions of these organizations be fully understood.
		The first part of the book is devoted to world organizations or conventions: the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
		Due to their reduced (Benelux, EFTA) or only historical (Comecon) significance, the core only of these former chapters has been kept.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/079231347X (359 words)

	Comecon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		However, I do not know of any church that is truly honoring the Sabbath, following the Bible only, and exposing the papacy.
		A Soviet propaganda poster reading "COMECON: Unity of Goals, Unity of Action"
		Parts of this article are from the Library of Congress federal research division; [1]
	www.worldslastchance.com /encyclopedia/index.php/COMECON (2546 words)

	Top20Bulgaria.com - Your Top20 Guide to Bulgaria!
		Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence after World War II and became a People's Republic in 1946.
		Parliament is responsible for enactment of laws, approval of the budget, scheduling of presidential elections, selection and dismissal of the prime minister and other ministers, declaration of war, deployment of troops outside of Bulgaria, and ratification of international treaties and agreements.
		The church has been abolished, or rather reduced to a subordinate position within the Greek Orthodox Church, twice during the periods of Byzantine (1018-1185) and Ottoman (1396-1878) domination but has been revived every time as a symbol of Bulgarian statehood.
	www.top20bulgaria.com (2014 words)

	AxisofLogic/ Letters from France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		He is a French citizen and a retired Avocat (Trial Lawyer) at the Boulogne-sur-Mer Bar, living with his wife in a small village in Northern France.
		There he was Director in charge of the Legal Department and also Secretary General of the Court of Arbitration, the most important international commercial arbitration centre on the world.
		While there, he became the I.C.C. Director in charge of relations with the Arab states, where he travelled for professional reasons, and he worked towards legal cooperation with the countries then within the Comecon.
	www.axisoflogic.com /artman/publish/franceletters.shtml (216 words)

	Russia
		He established much warmer relations with the West, ended the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, and announced that the Warsaw Pact countries were free to pursue their own political agendas.
		Gorbachev's revolutionary steps ushered in the end of the cold war, and in 1990 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to ending the 45-year conflict between East and West.
		International election observers considered the process less than democratic.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107909.html (3197 words)

	From Russian Empire to Eurasian Power
		A related aspect of Gorbachev's policy was a strong emphasis on the Soviet Union's place in Europe, and an acknowledgment of the close cultural and economic relationship between Russia and Europe (Stokes 1991, p265-267; Pettman 1991, p195).
		This policy was extremely interesting in that the power of Tsarist Russia had been largely built up by her extension of Empire eastwards, while from the 1930's onwards the USSR tried to increase its wealth through exploitation of Siberia, the Caucasus region and the trans-Urals, with their massive oil and mineral resources.
		But it is precisely these difficulties that prepare the ground for an extremist Russian nationalism which feeds on the frustration born of the failure to turn around the economy and polity, the humiliation of the loss of empire and of superpower status, and the fears aroused by an uncertain future.
	www.international-relations.com /wbeurasia/WBEA-2004-Lec2.htm (10951 words)

	BÉLA GRESKOVITS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Professor at the International Relations and European Studies Department and at the Department of Political Science, International Faculty Fellow at the Center for Policy Studies
		Holder of the Luigi Einaudi Chair in European and International Studies with the Institute for European Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
		10th International Conference of Europeanists, Panel “Left-wing Liberalism in Eastern Europe,”; organized by the Council of European Studies, in Chicago, March 14-16, 1996.
	www.ceu.hu /ires/faculty/greskovits.htm (1503 words)

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