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Topic: International standards

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	International Standards - National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
		Standards for protocols, identifiers and codes, interchange formats, character sets, file formats and holdings descriptions are the basic building blocks of international information systems and are critical components of the global information structure that NISO is helping to build.
		NISO is charged by the American National Standards Institute to represent U.S. interests in International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 46 on Information and Documentation.
		Technical Committee 46/Subcommittee 4 (TC46/SC4) is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Subcommittee responsible for technical standards used to facilitate interoperability of information services such as libraries, information centers, indexing and abstracting services, archives, and publishing operations.
	www.niso.org /international (0 words)

	International Standards for Vision, Eye Care and Ophthalmology: Introduction and News
		The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) approved a report on "Vision Requirements for Driving Safety" at its meeting in February 2006 in São Paulo Brazil.
		ICO Standards Committee Member August Colenbrander, MD The ICO resolution on "Visual Standards - Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss" was approved by the Council and International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies (IFOS) at the XXIX International Congress of Ophthalmology in Sydney, Australia in April 2002.
		An international task force has adopted grading scales for evaluating the severity of different levels of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema disease.
	www.icoph.org /standards/index.html (797 words)

	The Standard Shop - International Standards
		It is a non-governmental organization with the mission of "promoting the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity".
		Officially (BSI) a standard is defined as "a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results".
		BSI is the oldest national standards body in the world and a major contributor to internation standards.
	www.standardshop.com /iso.htm (506 words)

	IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission > INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
		International Standards and conformity assessment for government, business and society for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
		Vote closes on draft ISO/IEC DIS 29500 standard
		Academia centre — teaching standardization for professors, researchers and students
	www.iec.ch (0 words)

	Standards
		International Agreements—Under bilateral agreements with organizations in 18 nations, NIST is working to improve the quality of the international measurement system.
		Interagency Committee on Standards Policy—Consisting of representatives of 31 agencies, the ICSP advises on federal participation in the activities of voluntary standards organizations and on the adoption and use of voluntary standards.
		ANSI is not a standards developer but rather serves to coordinate US activities, particularly with respect to the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission, and develop cross-cutting policy positions within the United States.
	www.nist.gov /public_affairs/standards.htm (1942 words)

	International Wheelchair Standards Organizing Committee Formed
		In October 2004, Whirlwind met in Washington, D.C. with the Center for International Rehabilitation of Chicago and the Motivation Charitable Trust of England to establish the International Wheelchair Standards Organizing Committee.
		Those that do are based on standards designed for the developed world, which are not stringent enough to adequately test chairs under the more rigorous conditions and use in developing countries.
		Standards will also provide guidance to those wishing to support wheelchair provision around the world (governments, NGOs and individuals), with assurance that the products and processes they are involved with meet user needs and that money is being spent effectively.
	www.disabilityworld.org /12-01_06/wheelchairstandards.shtml (2772 words)

	IAS Plus International Accounting Standards: Summaries of IASB Standards
		International Accounting Standards (IASs) were issued by the IASC from 1973 to 2000.
		Moreover, in the absence of a standard or an interpretation that specifically applies to a transaction, IAS 8 requires that an entity must use its judgement in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable.
		When IASB standards are endorsed by the European Commission for use in the European Union, they (minus the non-mandatory guidance and bases for conclusions) are published in the Official Journal of the European Union in all of the EU languages.
	www.iasplus.com /standard/standard.htm (748 words)

	International Accounting Standards
		Accordingly, while the accounting standards used must be high quality, they also must be supported by an infrastructure that ensures that the standards are rigorously interpreted and applied, and that issues and problematic practices are identified and resolved in a timely fashion.
		However, other jurisdictions accepting IASC standards may develop conflicting interpretations or may accept applications of IASC standards that would not be acceptable in the United States and other jurisdictions, in part, because of lack of expertise, resources, or even the authority to question a company's application of accounting standards.
		Under IASC standards, the impact of a change in depreciation or amortization method is recognized as an adjustment to depreciation or amortization expense in current and prospective periods affected by the change.
	www.sec.gov /rules/concept/34-42430.htm (16944 words)

	UsabilityNet: International Standards
		Standards for HCI and usability are developed under the auspices of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
		This standard is intended to revise and replace ISO 9241 Parts 3, 7 and 8 and ISO 13406.
		This standard describes how to establish what information users need, how to determine the way in which that information should be presented to the users, and how then to prepare the information and make it available.
	www.usabilitynet.org /tools/r_international.htm (3912 words)

	Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions-international standards-
		These standards, which are universal, are interpreted within the context of other United Nations instruments, enumerated in the sixth preamble paragraph of Commission resolution 1992/72.
		Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights recognizes the inherent right of every person to life, adding that this right "shall be protected by law" and that "no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of life".
		Moreover, article 4, paragraph 2, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides that exceptional circumstances such as internal political instability or any other public emergency may not be invoked to justify any derogation from the right to life and security of the person.
	www.ohchr.org /english/issues/executions/standards.htm (495 words)

	International Standards
		The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration participates in a number of international forums as part of the on going process of harmonizing the US Hazardous Materials Regulations with international standards and regulations.
		Participation ensures that US interests are communicated and considered in the development of international standards.
		Harmonization with international standards enhances safety, compliance and free trade while minimizing regulatory burden on the public.
	hazmat.dot.gov /regs/intl/intstandards.htm (0 words)

	International Standards Program
		ARI's International Standards Program recognizes the global nature of the air conditioning and refrigeration industry and the importance of international trade to the industry.
		ARI is committed to demonstrating leadership in the global air conditioning market; establishing a level playing field so that its members can compete more effectively; building on its world-class standardization program to fully participate in international standards developing organizations, including: the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
		Standards harmonization is the key goal of ARI’s multi-lateral and bi-lateral standards development approach.
	www.ari.org /standardscert/intl_standards (268 words)

	The Development of International Standards on Auditing
		International standards on auditing are promulgated by the International Auditing Practices Committee (IAPC) of the International Federation of Accountants.
		Many global 1000 companies headquartered outside the United States are preparing their financial statements in accordance with international accounting standards and are having them audited in accordance with the international standards on auditing.
		The ultimate acceptance by users of financial statements for both the international standards on auditing and the international accounting standards will largely be attributable to the proper application of these standards by accountants and auditors.
	www.nysscpa.org /cpajournal/1999/1099/Features/F141099.HTM (2932 words)

	Standards Activities Overview
		The process to create these voluntary standards is guided by the Institute’s cardinal principles of consensus, due process and openness and depends heavily upon data gathering and compromises among a diverse range of stakeholders.
		In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where these meet the needs of the user community.
		Since volunteers from industry and government, not ANSI staff, carry out the work of the international technical committees, the success of these efforts often is dependent upon the willingness of U.S. industry and government to commit the resources required to ensure strong U.S. technical participation in the international standards process.
	www.ansi.org /standards_activities/overview/overview.aspx?menuid=3 (872 words)

	A Review of Jamaican and International Noise Standards
		This review of international noise standards is part of a 25-day desktop study to develop national noise standards for Jamaica.
		It should be noted that a review of the standards in some of the larger countries may be complicated by the particular country having more than one set of legal noise standards.
		The selection of this one set of standards as a tentative model for the environmental noise part of Jamaica’s regulations is based mainly on the need to strike a balance between simplicity (for easier acceptance initially, and easier management and enforcement in the long run) and comprehensiveness.
	www.nrca.org /standards/noise/review_noise_standards.htm (5993 words)

	U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
		Standards in the printing, publishing and converting industry provide uniform, defined procedures and tools which help users produce quality products for their customers faster, more efficiently and cost-effectively.
		NPES also serves as secretariat to the International Color Consortium, an organization devoted to developing a standard that will enable different devices to translate their color definition information into a standard color interchange space so that the receiving device can then interpret that data into the appropriate color.
		NPES served as secretariat to PrintTalk from its creation in June 2000 until February of 2005, when the organization disbanded and the responsibility for maintenance of the standard was transferred to the International Cooperation for the Integration of Processes in Prepress, Press, and Postpress (CIP4).
	www.npes.org /standards (349 words)

	IDBAmerica: International accounting standards-A good investment
		At the recent conference in Washington, D.C., on "Implementation of International Standards for Accounting and Auditing," several speakers contended that the world standard, because it is more rigorous and universal than national standards, will contribute to global financial stability and counteract some of the volatility associated with globalization.
		There is work being done on an international standard for accounting in the public sector, and this is very important, but this is not ready yet.
		Brazil has made a lot of progress in corporate governance, but to implement the international accounting standards, the country may have to change the commercial code, and this is difficult.
	www.iadb.org /idbamerica/English/MAY01E/may01e5-b.html (962 words)

	ISO Standards
		ISO has developed over 16500 International Standards on a variety of subjects and 1250 new ISO standards are published every year.
		The full range of technical fields can be seen from the listing International Standards.
		The online ISO Standards listing integrates both the ISO catalogue of published standards and the ISO technical programme of standards under development.
	www.iso.ch /iso/en/CatalogueListPage.CatalogueList (0 words)

	Welcome to Ecma International
		Ecma is the inventor and main practitioner of the concept of "fast tracking" of specifications drafted in international standards format through the process in Global Standards Bodies like the ISO.
		Ecma is driven by industry to meet the needs of industry, generating a healthy competitive landscape based on differentiation of products and services, rather than technology models, generating confidence among vendors and users of new technology.
		All current Ecma Standards and Technical Reports are available, free of charge and freely copyable, as electronic files.
	www.ecma-international.org (0 words)

	IFAC - Standards & Guidance
		International Auditing Practice Statements (IAPSs) are issued to provide interpretive guidance and practical assistance to professional accountants in implementing ISAs and to promote good practice.
		International Review Engagement Practice Statements (IREPSs), International Assurance Engagement Practice Statements (IAEPSs) and International Related Services Practice Statements (IRSPSs) are issued to serve the same purpose for implementation of IRSEs, ISAEs and ISRSs respectively.
		Other papers, for example consultation and information papers, are published to promote discussion or debate on auditing, assurance and related services and quality control issues affecting the accounting profession, present findings, or describe matters of interest relating to auditing, assurance, related services and quality control issues affecting the accounting profession.
	www.ifac.org /Guidance (720 words)

	International Standards [Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict: This was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 25 May 2000 and entered into force on 12 February 2002.
		When drafting the treaty, delegates agreed that the terms "using" and "participate" would prohibit not only children's direct participation in combat, but also their active participation in military activities linked to combat such as scouting, spying, sabotage, and the use of children as decoys, couriers, or at military checkpoints.
		This minimum standard applies to all parties, both governmental and non-governmental, in both international and internal armed conflict.
	www.child-soldiers.org /resources/international-standards (964 words)

	International Usability Standards - UPA Resources
		Standards are a formal agreement on a specific, detailed topic.
		Standards are generally sold by the organizations that publish them, or by a national standards organization.
		This standard is the source of one of the commonly cited definitions of usability.
	www.upassoc.org /usability_resources/guidelines_and_methods/standards.html (232 words)

	International health standards
		A new or revised standard may be requested by a Member Country, a Regional Commission, the International Committee or by an international organisation with which the OIE collaborates (for example FAO, WHO).
		A standard drafted by the Specialist Commission is first circulated to all Member Countries for comment and initial discussion by the International Committee.
		The value of standards published in the OIE Codes and Manuals lies in the fact that they are developed and revised through formal consultation and are the result of consensus among experts from OIE Member Countries.
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/en_norm.htm (446 words)

	AACSB International
		AACSB International accreditation assures quality and promotes excellence and continuous improvement in undergraduate and graduate education for business administration and accounting.
		AACSB International was founded in 1916 and began its accreditation function with the adoption of the first standards in 1919.
		In 2003, members approved a revised set of standards that are relevant and applicable to all business programs globally and which support and encourage excellence in management education worldwide.
	www.aacsb.edu /accreditation/standards.asp (189 words)

	ASTM International - Standards Worldwide
		Select standards taken from the ASTM Annual Book of Standards in a particular industry such as metals, petroleum, building codes, plastics and more.
		Standards in a particular industry from ASTM and other organizations compiled into print and DVD.
		Receive emails alerting you when changes are made to standards and when new standards are under development.
	www.astm.org /STORE/standardsearch.shtml (105 words)

	United States of America: International standards for all. - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In April 2002, Amnesty International warned the US administration that its selective approach to the Geneva Conventions threatened to undermine the effectiveness of international humanitarian law protections for any US or other combatants captured in the future.(6) The organization received no reply to this or other concerns it raised about the detainees.
		This may not be a new phenomenon - Amnesty International has for many years been concerned with the USA’s pick and choose approach to international standards.
		The US Government must ensure that all those in its custody are afforded their full rights under international human rights and humanitarian law and standards.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAMR510452003 (1152 words)

	International Food Standards (PRB 05-99E) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Codex standards are developed through the work of various committees, adhering to an eight-step process from proposal to adoption that provides for input from various interested parties.
		The relevance of Codex standards to the TBT Agreement is evident from the decision of the WTO Dispute Settlement Panel and Appellate Body in a 2002 case between Peru and the EU.
		Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed to be necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and presumed to be consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement and of GATT 1994.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/prb0599-e.htm (1940 words)

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