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Topic: International style (architecture)

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	International style (architecture) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basic design principles of the international style are identical with those of modernism, but the term usually refers to the buildings and architects of the formative decades of modernism, before World War II.
		In 1927, one of the first and most defining manifestations of the International Style was the Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart, built as a component of the exhibition "Die Wohnung," organized by the Deutscher Werkbund, and overseen by Mies van der Rohe.
		The term International Style came from the 1932 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, organized by Philip Johnson, and from the title of the exhibition catalog for that exhibit, written by Johnson and Henry Russell Hitchcock.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_style_(architecture) (1152 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Modern Architecture
		In the catalog, International Style: Architecture Since 1922, the authors outlined what they saw as the characteristics of the new architecture: an emphasis on volume, not mass; on regularity, not symmetry; on proportions and sleek, technical perfection rather than ornament; and a preference for elegant materials that included those of the machine age.
		The International Style exhibition, however, focused only on the new pioneers, and architects and historians took that style to be the heart of modernism, to the exclusion of many other innovative modern buildings.
		The term International Style came to refer generally to modern European architecture of the 1920s and 1930s, and the later architecture that it influenced.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761595616___9/Modern_Architecture.html (809 words)

	Archpedia - International Style Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This architectural style that developed in Europe and the United States in the 1920s and '30s and became the dominant tendency in Western architecture during the middle decades of the 20th century.
		The term International Style was first used in 1932 by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson in their essay entitled The International Style: Architecture Since 1922, which served as a catalog for an architectural exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art.
		The International Style was thus formed under the dictates that modern buildings' form and appearance should naturally grow out of and express the potentialities of their materials and structural engineering.
	www.archpedia.com /Styles-International-Style.html (724 words)

	Exploring International Style Architecture in Houston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wright’s style was what he preferred to call “organic architecture.” The principles of organic architecture are that a building, or group of buildings, should be suitable to, and in the nature of the site of the environment, the use, the building materials, and the construction process.
		He often attacked the slick boxlike “negativities” of International work, the painted stucco, the boredom of repeated columns It was, in part, Wright’s public attacks on the sameness of the International Style that may have contributed to gradual movements away from the “boxes” on stilts.
		This group’s style of architecture was a manifestation of Functionalism, a term derived from a phrase used by the American architect Louis H. Sullivan in an 1896 essay: “Form Follows Function.” This renowned often-quoted dictum became the credo of scores of modern architects, encapsulating the theory that architectural form should be determined by function alone.
	www.uh.edu /hti/cu/2002/v03/06.htm (5538 words)

	International Modern Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		International Modern Style was developed both graphically and architecturally by various artists, but maintained a recognizable, simple, functional style.
		Architecture was a significant part of International Modern style and even today, buildings of this style are widespread.
		In International typographic style clarity and cleanliness was evident and stressed.
	www.discovery.mala.bc.ca /web/carpentesr (1964 words)

	Modernity in the Built Environment of Santiago
		It seems to me that international style architecture, or what I like to call pre-postmodern (in the theological sense), represents all the ideals of postmodernism while still marching under the banner of modern architecture.
		The genius of international style architecture is that it keeps the seriousness of modernism while still being able to play with the beauty of postmodernism.
		By the 1960’s everyone was “bored with the box.” International style alleviates this boredom but also remains true to its ideals of corporatism, capitalism, wealth, power and success.
	www.stanford.edu /class/cee33x/QResponses/modern.htm (802 words)

	International Style
		It was an important building in the history of modern architecture, known for its simple form and extravagant material, such as marble and travertine.
		"Modern architecture is not a new branch of an old tree - it is an altogether new shoot rising beside the old roots." Thus Walter Gropius, one of the pioneers of modern architecture, on the radical departures of the 20th century.
		The authors observed the distinguishing features that made possible a definition of a new "style": emphasis on volume as opposed to mass; regularity as opposed to symmetry; and dependence on the intrinsic elegance of materials as opposed to applied decoration.
	www.jahsonic.com /InternationalStyle.html (846 words)

	Gems in Israel: An Introduction to Bauhaus Architecture
		This architectural style is so prevalent in Tel Aviv that it almost seems as though it were a local style, but it is not.
		This style of architecture came about (in part) because of new engineering developments that allowed the walls to be built around steel or iron frames.
		The International Style was a decidedly different type of architecture that did not rely on the architecture of the past, but aimed to establish a new, modern style.
	www.gemsinisrael.com /e_article000020538.htm (692 words)

	International style, in architecture
		Moorish style: orientalism, the Jews, and Synagogue architecture.
		Architecture: There's a place for everything; Though he is in the first rank of architects, Terry Farrell has been derided for having no signature style.
		Domestic architecture in Apalachee Province: Apalachee and Spanish residential styles in the late prehistoric and early historic period southeast.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0825357.html (401 words)

	Historic Preservation and Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The International Style was the most severe of the modern styles.
		This style was used primarily for high-rise office or apartment buildings, and seldom for homes.
		International Style designers completely rejected the architecture of previous eras as a basis for design, turning instead toward a completely modern approach for buildings.
	www.in.gov /dnr/historic/international.html (155 words)

	International Style (from architecture) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The architecture that developed during this period came to be called the International Style because it spread throughout Europe and the United States.
		It is considered one of the best-designed skyscrapers of the pre-World War II era of modern architecture.
		A mainly domestic type of architecture, the Tudor style was a transition between the Gothic and Renaissance styles in England.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-196618 (713 words)

	Jerusalem Architecture Since 1948
		Contemporary architecture in Jerusalem is essentially Post-Modern, with lingering influences of the International Style (Bauhaus) and Functionalism.
		The International Style of architecture (flat roof; unornamented, sheer façade) developed at the Bauhaus School of Design, appeared in Jerusalem in the 1930s, and came to dominate architectural design for the next half century, partly because of its simplicity and low-cost.
		The Jerusalem Seminar on Architecture, established in 1992 by Yad Hanadiv (the Rothschild Foundation in Israel), is an international forum for public deliberation on significant topics in architecture and urban design.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Society_&_Culture/Architecture/Jeruarchitecture1948.html (3781 words)

	AllRefer.com - International style, in architecture (Architecture) - Encyclopedia
		International style, in architecture, the phase of the modern movement that emerged in Europe and the United States during the 1920s.
		The term was first used in connection with a 1932 architectural exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
		Architects working in the International style gave new emphasis to the expression of structure, the lightening of mass, and the enclosure of dynamic spaces.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/IntlstylArc.html (221 words)

	The International Style - Archiseek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This review of style in architecture describes the development of the "international" architectural style and its influence on designers and architects throughout the world.
		The first architectural exhibition of the Museum of Modern Art in 1932 was organised by the authors and at that time they produced this book published as "The International Style: Architecture since 1922".
		The text is heavily illustrated with examples of European architecture of the period.
	www.archiseek.com /content/showthread.php?t=1516 (115 words)

	Architecture
		Kahn began studying architecture at the University of Pennsylvania and was trained in the Beaux-Arts tradition under the professor Paul P. Cret.
		Although rooted in the International style, Kahn integrated his traditional Beaux-Arts influences to develop a contemporary and monumental architecture that was responsive to its surroundings.
		KahnÕs architecture is notable for its simple geometric forms of brick and poured in place concrete that expressed a traditional morality for the proper expression of how these materials wanted to be used.
	www.yale.edu /ycba/exhibitions/interactive/eden/architect/louiskahn.html (387 words)

	International style on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		INTERNATIONAL STYLE [International style] in architecture, the phase of the modern movement that emerged in Europe and the United States during the 1920s.
		The term was first used by Philip Johnson in connection with a 1932 architectural exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
		The 2004 International Builders' Show Ultimate Family Home is a 5,300-square-foot southwest-style house in Las Vegas' Nevada Trail neighborhood with unique features such as a locker-style mudroom.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/I/IntlstylA1rc.asp (985 words)

	National Park Service: Mission 66 Visitor Centers (Introduction)
		Although the foundations of the modern movement in architecture were laid in the mid-nineteenth century, the "new tradition" did not reach mainstream America until the late 1920s.
		Although not considered a proponent of the International Style, FrankLloyd Wright was responsible for some of the most innovative housing of the century, beginning with his own Oak Park home and studio in 1889.
		The most obvious architectural indications of recovery from World War II were the skyscrapers that began to populate American cities in the early fifties.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/allaback/vc0a.htm (1665 words)

	Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Greenbelt's architecture is the "International Style" architecture which was developed in the 1930s.
		One previous style which influenced the leaders of the International Style movement was the "Art Moderne" style.
		Another style to influence the designers of Greenbelt and the creators of the International Style was the "Art Deco" style.
	www.otal.umd.edu /~vg/msf97/ms08/gb/4style.html (604 words)

	Misr International University (MIU) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Through slide presentations, the student is made aware of various theories in architecture, and how to use them in a critical way to analyze and evaluate architectural projects.
		Theories of architecture are not entirely Western, some of which will be derived from traditional architecture of the Arab world with special emphasis on Egypt.
		Architectural criticism in the West as tool for developing architectural thought will be used to analyze the modern scene in the Arab world.
	archnet.org /institutions/MIUARCH/syllabi/arc400 (279 words)

	International Style -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The most common characteristics of International Style buildings are rectilinear forms; light, taut plane surfaces that have been completely stripped of applied ornamentation and...
		The agreements assume a variety of form and style, but they are all governed by the law of treaties, which is part of customary international law.
		In the national style of Ireland, “collar-and-elbow” wrestling, the rivals wear short jackets with strong collars and grasp each other's collar behind the left ear with the right hand.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042609 (887 words)

	AllRefer.com - postmodernism (Architecture) - Encyclopedia
		The term postmodernism is probably most specific and meaningful when used in relation to architecture, where it designates an international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
		Postmodern architecture is characterized by the incorporation of historical details in a hybrid rather than a pure style, by the use of decorative elements, by a more personal and exaggerated style, and by references to popular modes of building.
		Practitioners of postmodern architecture have tended to reemphasize elements of metaphor, symbol, and content in their credos and their work.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/postmoder.html (450 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although the look and feel of the International style was already in the building here in this country; when the Bauhaus boys came ashore, they brought with them a concrete conceptual ideal of European origin--the idea of the house as a machine.
		This was a style that the architect, more often than not, had to SELL to his or her client.
		Though California has more than it's share of Internationals, the style, in it's pure form, also showed up in other parts of the Southwest where the weather was ideal for its design features; and in the Northeast where it manifestly was NOT ideal.
	users.1st.net /jimlane/2000arch/11-25-00.html (642 words)

	House Beautiful: Furniture Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It began by echoing and often amalgamating the neoclassical styles of such English masters as Adam, Hepplewhite, and Sheraton, and later took on influences from France.
		Italianate carving, especially cupboards with arabesques, and the common use of upholstery typify the robust and comfortable style, which continued through the reign of Charles I, from 1625 to 1649.
		LOUIS XVI - Neoclassical style came to the fore during the reign of Louis XVI, from 1774 to 1792, and with this revival, furniture became more rectilinear and geometric.
	magazines.ivillage.com /housebeautiful/decorate/home/articles/0,,284677_367234-3,00.html (647 words)

	International Style
		When the Nazi government outlawed modern architecture in Germany and closed the famous Bauhaus school of design, many of the key figures instrumental in the development of the International Style emigrated to the United States.
		The arrival of many of the founders of the International Style movement became essential to the ultimate triumph of the style in the United States during the first decades after World War II.
		The International Style is the ultimate expression of a set of principles applied to the theoretical underpinnings of the practice of architecture.
	www.arapahoeacres.org /international_style.htm (232 words)

	[No title]
		Style, international by definition is what you get if you have a bunch of people from different countries completing a style internationally.
		Many interesting and various aspects of modern architecture combine to symbolize the architectural nature of this building, which is the topic of my thesis.
		Various shapes of far more significance to the impersonal forces of nature than to any human can be used in conjunction with concepts from the modern science of optics to distill a drug that stops the aging of the human body, effective for upwards of 200 years on a person with the necessary fortitude.
	www.pastemob.org /trap/000.html (2089 words)

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