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Topic: International trusteeship

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	Marks \| Transitional Governance
		The two major characteristics of the Trusteeship System that were to differentiate it from classic European colonialism were the international and legal character of political authority: Mandate replaced might; the system undertook the formal obligation that the purpose of foreign rule was eventual self-rule by and independence for the indigenous population.
		The trusteeship authority inherited by the United Nations and supplemented by various provisions of the UN Charter, notably Chapter VII, provides the basis for a degree of legitimacy for the exercise of the governance authority by the international organization.
		Any suggestion that the international community has a duty or a right to interject itself into the internal affairs of a specific country raises the hackles of nations loosely associated in what is called in the UN the Committee of 77.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_10/marks2.html (2954 words)

	Ralph Bunche \| Educational Resources \| Instructor's Notes \| Ralph Bunche & the UN
		While Bunche was busily engaged in trusteeship matters, the question of the future of Palestine, a League of Nations Mandated Territory administered by Britain, was put on the agenda of the United Nations General Assembly.
		He was committed to practical internationalism, that is the use of international agencies by political leaders to achieve compromises they could otherwise not attain, through a process of international legitimation by third parties.
		He personified the 'moral authority' of the international civil servant, projecting the positive image of independence, sensitivity, balanced judgement, expertise and competence as he embodied the ideals and principles of the UN Charter.
	www.pbs.org /ralphbunche/education/instruct_ralph.html (2060 words)

	REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION BY DEPUTY TRUSTEE MICHAEL STIENS
		My report shall include a review of the background relating to imposition of the Trusteeship, the major problems that were confronted by the International Union, the progress by the Local Union during the period of the Trusteeship and the remaining issues and challenges that need to be confronted before the Trusteeship should end.
		The International Representatives were also required to spend substantial amounts of their time in preparation for litigation that was instituted by the suspended officers and a handful of their supporters in opposition to the efforts of the International Union to correct the problems at Local 30.
		The Trusteeship should not be terminated while this matter is pending or, at the very least, until more information is received from the federal authorities in the future concerning the scope and potential impact of this investigation.
	www.rooferslocal30.org /stiensreport (2186 words)

	JSPL - Article - International Dispute Resolution, Nauru v Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There was an economic power imbalance with Nauru as the former object of the Trusteeship struggling to assert its claim for compensation and faced with the depletion of the natural resources to which it turned for its economic survival.
		It was a public and international role, vital to the process of negotiation not only by reason of the membership which incorporated the five permanent powers but in the publication to the Trusteeship Council and General Assembly of the views of the members of the Visiting Mission.
		The Trusteeship Council altered the power balance in favour of the Nauruans so that their claims acquired enhanced legitimacy in the eyes of the Australian Administrator though this cannot be overstated in view of its limited powers and the tyranny of distance which pertained in those decades.
	www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj /journal_splaw/Articles/McLennan1.htm (6447 words)

	Inman & Sharp \| Revising the UN Trusteeship System
		To the contrary, it has been the international community’s unwillingness to act or inability to decide what should be done that has allowed hundreds of thousands either to die of starvation or to be slaughtered by powerful forces within their borders, official or otherwise.
		Indeed, we assert that the international community has imposed an obligation upon the Security Council to determine what constitutes “any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression” and an obligation either to make recommendations or decide what measures shall be taken to maintain or restore international peace and security.
		It is not the lack of a legal regime that prevents a solution in Somalia; it is the international community’s unwillingness to apply sufficient force to dictate a particular outcome, in the face of the unwillingness of Somalia's rival political leaders to accept a balanced approach that fails to satisfy their respective personal objectives.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_13/inman_somalia.html (3338 words)

	[No title]
		The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality.
		The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.
		The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.
	learning.turner.com /efts/un/ch11_15.htm (1853 words)

	The RICO Trusteeships after Twenty years: A Progress Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A few trusteeships clearly have successfully purged the influence of organized crime and have transformed unions that had been run like dictatorships rooted in intimidation, violence, and exploitation into properly functioning organizations with competitive elections and accountability to the rank-and-file.
		Trusteeships have differed with respect to allocating the authority to decide whether an officer or member has knowingly associated with members or associates of organized crime.
		Certainly, that intuition is confirmed in the case of the IBT International trusteeship that originally was comprised of three trustees and their staffs.
	www.thelaborers.net /documents/rico_trusteeships_jacobs.htm (8538 words)

	How the UN Can Deal With the Dangerous Pieces
		The objectives of the new trusteeship system would remain as stated in the Charter: to further international peace and security, to promote progressive development toward self-government or independence, to encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to ensure equal treatment in social, economic and commercial matters for all nations and their peoples.
		One of the primary functions of the Trusteeship Council should be to develop criteria for the formal recognition of new states, including their admission into the United Nations.
		The writer, an international lawyer, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
	www.iht.com /articles/1992/01/31/nuda.php (834 words)

	bitterlemons.org - The courts and the fence/wall
		The trusteeship idea is ostensibly reinforced by 1701, which places European and other troop contingents in Lebanon both for independent conflict management tasks and as back-up for a weak government and weak army seeking to prevent weapons smuggling and establish the necessary monopoly-of-arms to bring about stability.
		The decision to deploy international forces under the auspices of the UN to ensure the practical implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701, which formed the basis for ending the war in Lebanon, started a debate about the possibility of doing the same in the context of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
		One reason for the failure of international efforts to find a peaceful solution to this conflict is that there have been no serious attempts by the international community to impose or at least properly monitor the implementation of the many plans, initiatives and resolutions that received international approval.
	www.bitterlemons.org /previous/bl180906ed37.html (3430 words)

	Political Trusteeship
		This part of the article explains why political trusteeship is a better intellectual framework for understanding the recent interventions in Bosnia, Kosovo, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq than other models such as belligerent occupation or protectorate.
		International legitimacy is based on obedience to international law, obtaining appropriate UN approval for the intervention but avoiding UN administration, blocking threats to international peace and security, holding democratic elections, evincing support for moral norms such as human rights, demonstrating governmental effectiveness, offering charismatic leadership and putting an end to internal conflict.
		Commentators have interpreted the UN trusteeship system as recognizing rights of the peoples in trust territories that are tantamount to rights of third party beneficiaries of common law trust agreements.
	www.kentlaw.edu /perritt/courses/seminar/ucla-jilfa-published-wl.htm (3667 words)

	Charter of the United Nations
		The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.
		The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.
		The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
	www.civicwebs.com /cwvlib/constitutions/un/e_un_charter.htm (6964 words)

	The Hindu : The U.N. and Afghanistan
		The financial implications of undertaking the process may not be daunting; an additionality could be contributed by the international community as well as international financial institutions to kick-start the process for the first two years.
		Cobbling together of an international consensus for the ``war against global terrorism'' (regardless of variations in definition and interpretation of terrorism itself) is one matter; It is desirable, it is good.
		In this context, the basic concepts of International Trusteeship which have been around since 1945 are worthy of re- consideration and implementation, mutatis mutandi, for the re- building of Afghanistan, the welfare of its people and for protection of the legitimate interests of its neighbours and the world at large.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/10/04/stories/05042523.htm (1126 words)

	International Trusteeship System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1945, under Chapter XII of the Charter, the United Nations established the International Trusteeship System for the supervision of Trust Territories placed under it by individual agreements with the States administering them.
		The Security Council in 1994 terminated the United Nations Trusteeship Agreement for the last Territory - the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), administered by the United States - after it chose self-government in a 1993 plebiscite.
		In the early years of the United Nations, 11 Territories were placed under the Trusteeship System.
	www.un.org /Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust.htm (232 words)

	Trusteehip Agreement
		WHEREAS Article 75 of the Charter of the United Nations provides for the establishment of an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent agreement; and
		The provisions of Articles 87 and 88 of the Charter shall be applicable to the trust territory, provided that the administering authority may determine the extent of their applicability to any areas which may from time to time be specified by it as closed for security reasons.
		The administering authority undertakes to apply in the trust territory the provisions of any international conventions and recommendations which may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of the trust territory and which would be conducive to the achievement of the basic objectives of Article 6 of this agreement.
	www.fsmlaw.org /miscdocs/trustshipagree.htm (946 words)

	Trusteeship Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Administering Authority undertakes to administer Tanganyika in such a manner as to achieve the basic objectives of the international trusteeship system laid down in Article 76 of the United Nations Charter.
		The Administering Authority shall designate an accredited representative to be present at the sessions of the Trusteeship Council at which the reports of the Administering Authority with regard to Tanganyika are considered.
		The terms of this Agreement shall not be altered or amended except as provided in Article 79 and Articles 83 or 85, as the case may be, of the United Nations Charter.
	www.kituochakatiba.co.ug /tz_trusteeship_1946.htm (1350 words)

	Liberia Needs Trusteeship Not Interim Government
		Accordingly, it is my firm belief that Liberia needs an International Trusteeship Administration under the auspices of the United Nation.
		The International Trusteeship Administration of Liberia should administer the affairs of Liberia for a period of five years beginning immediately.
		An International Trusteeship Administration will be a way for Liberians to turn the page from a period that will live in infamy.
	www.theperspective.org /trusteeshipnotinterim.html (1049 words)

	RICO Trusteeships After Twenty Years: A Progress Report (James Jacobs)
		There is no point in bringing civil RICO suits seeking trusteeships if such trusteeships do not solve the problems that provoke the suits.
		Evaluating the success of the RICO union trusteeships individually and as a whole is essential but extremely complex.
		Clearly, a trusteeship has not been successful if the union remains in the hands of or under the influence of organized crime or a clique that for many years was closely connected to organized crime.
	www.ipsn.org /rico_trusteeships_jacobs.htm (8897 words)

	Human Rights Index: Charter of the United Nations
		The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.
		The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.
		The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed there under by subsequent individual agreements.
	www.arabhumanrights.org /charter/un-charter45e.html (7165 words)

	Trusteeship Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994, with the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1 October 1994.
		In setting up an International Trusteeship System, the Charter established the Trusteeship Council as one of the main organs of the United Nations and assigned to it the task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System.
		Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and, in consultation with the Administering Authority, to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories.
	www.un.org /documents/tc.htm (228 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The international administration of troubled states - whether in Bosnia, Kosovo, or East Timor - has seen a return to the principle of trusteeship; that is when some form of international supervision is required in a particular territory in order both to maintain order and to foster the norms and practices of fair self-government.
		This innovative study rescues the normative discourse of trusteeship from the obscurity into which it has fallen since decolonization.
		It is with a view to contemporary world problems that this book explores the obligations that attach to preponderant power and the limits that should be observed in exercising that power for the sake of global good.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199260263 (444 words)

	trusteeship - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Trusteeship : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		trusteeship : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
		Phrases that include trusteeship: international trusteeship, trusteeship territorial, un trusteeship council
	www.onelook.com /?w=trusteeship (169 words)

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