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Topic: International waters

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	UNDP/GEF
		Marine and freshwater systems, including surface waters and groundwater, constitute the world's water resources, which provide drinking water, sustenance, income, transportation routes and other amenities to a majority of the human population.
		Much of the earth's water resources is shared by two or more countries (e.g., 261 international river basins comprise 45% of the earth's total land area; 70% of the world's 50 large marine ecosystems, where 95% of the world's fish are caught).
		Within the GEF context, the term "international waters" refers to the following: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed seas and estuaries, in addition to rivers, lakes, groundwater systems, and wetlands with drainage basins that overlap or share borders.
	www.undp.org /gef/undp-gef_focal_areas_of_action/sub_international_water.html (364 words)

	Encyclopedia: International waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		International waters are one of several focal areas for protection and restoration projects supported by the Global Environment Facility as well as bilateral and multilateral development agencies.
		The international waters focal area is complex because of the many different types of environmental concerns related to water resources, the variety of geographic situations, the linkages among sectoral activities and the resulting environmental stresses, and the opportunities to multiply benefits through integrated approaches with other GEF focal areas and cross-cutting issues.
		Activities concerning international waters could be targeted at the six major issues that most SIDS have in common (coastal area management and biodiversity, sustainable management of regional fish stocks, tourism development, protection of water supplies, and land and marine-based sources of pollution and vulnerability to climate change).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/International-waters (2743 words)

	International Waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The degradation occurring in international waters represents a warning that the carrying capacity of transboundary freshwater basins, coastal areas, and marine ecosystems has been approached in some places and exceeded in others by inappropriate sectoral development policies and projects as well as unwise use of the water resources.
		The term "international waters", as used for the purposes of the GEF Operational Strategy, includes the oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed seas and estuaries as well as rivers, lakes, groundwater systems, and wetlands with transboundary drainage basins or common borders.
		These projects involve the integration of land and water resource management as the primary component of addressing the degradation of international waters and often involve multiple GEF focal areas and the cross-cutting issue of land degradation and desertification.
	roo.undp.org /gef/gefos/gefos4.html (5229 words)

	International Waters
		International waters—in the context of the GEF—refer to oceans enclosed or semi-enclosed seas and estuaries, as well as rivers, lakes, groundwater systems and wetlands with trans boundary drainage basins or common borders.
		International waters are threatened by a number of factors, such as: land and ship-based sources of pollution, land degradation, over exploitation of living aquatic resources and alien species introductions.
		During the Pilot Phase, the GEF funded 12 international waters projects; most of them were marine-related projects, while two focused on lakes and one dealt with a river ecosystem (the Danube).
	www.protectia-mediului.ro /en/guides/gef/waters.htm (1306 words)

	International Joint Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The International Joint Commission is an independent binational organization established by the United States and Canada under the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909.
		The purpose of the Commission is to help prevent and resolve disputes relating to the use and quality of boundary waters and to advise Canada and the United States on questions related to water resources.
		The work of the International Joint Commission is carried out by separate boards that are responsible for particular boundary waters issues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Joint_Commission (460 words)

	Operational Strategy
		The GEF's objective in the international waters focal area is to contribute primarily as a catalyst to the implementation of a more comprehensive, ecosystem-based approach in managing international waters and their drainage basins as a means to achieve global environmental benefits.
		The international waters focal area is complex because of the many different types of environmental concerns related to water resources, the variety of geographic situations, the linkages among sectoral activities and the resulting environmental stresses, and the opportunities to multiply benefits through integrated approaches with other GEF focal areas and cross-cutting issues.
		Activities concerning international waters could be targeted at the six major issues that most SIDS have in common (coastal area management and biodiversity, sustainable management of regional fish stocks, tourism development, protection of water supplies, and land and marine-based sources of pollution and vulnerability to climate change).
	www.gefweb.org /public/opstrat/ch4.htm (6098 words)

	International waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The terms international waters or transboundary waters apply where any of the following of bodies of water (or their drainage transcend international boundaries: oceans large marine ecosystems enclosed or semi-enclosed seas and estuaries rivers lakes groundwater systems (aquifers) and wetlands.
		This is particularly evident with the increase in the number of related to aquifers lakes rivers coasts and management regimes as well as of international waters institutions committed to bilateral and/or multilateral management transboundary water resources.
		International waters are one of several focal for protection and restoration projects supported by Global Environment Facility as well as bilateral and multilateral agencies.
	www.freeglossary.com /International_waters (907 words)

	Global Environment Facility
		Water shapes the face of the Earth, not only as a geologic agent, cutting valleys and canyons, but also as a major influence contributing to the rise and fall of civilizations.
		The intense degradation of international waters also signals that the carrying capacities of transboundary freshwater basins, coastal areas and marine ecosystems have been exceeded by inappropriate sectoral development policies and projects, as well as misuse of water resources.
		In the international waters area, the GEF's objective is to contribute primarily as a catalyst to the implementation of a more comprehensive, ecosystem-based approach to managing international waters and their drainage basins as a means of achieving global environmental benefits.
	www.ourplanet.com /imgversn/83/glblenvr.html (2065 words)

	WRAP - International Waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trans-boundary water issues are rather complex and therefore it is imperative that a consideration of this element on international waters is carefully taken into account in the Zambia's national water resources management systems.
		It is apparent that any water resources development activities in the country will definitely have implications on the international waters.
		International Water Issues relate the control and use of water in river or lake systems shared by two or more Countries.
	www.zambia-water.org.zm /wrap/interwats.htm (433 words)

	International Boundary Waters Treaty Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The treaty relating to the boundary waters and to questions arising along the boundary between Canada and the United States made between His Majesty, King Edward VII, and the United States, signed at Washington on January 11, 1909, and the protocol of May 5, 1910, in the schedule, are hereby confirmed and sanctioned.
		It is further agreed that the waters herein defined as boundary waters and waters flowing across the boundary shall not be polluted on either side to the injury of health or property on the other.
		The measurement and apportionment of the water to be used by each country shall from time to time be made jointly by the properly constituted reclamation officers of the United States and the properly constituted irrigation officers of His Majesty under the direction of the International Joint Commission.
	laws.justice.gc.ca /en/I-17/text.html (2498 words)

	International Waters - GEF
		The GEF international waters focal area targets transboundary water systems, such as river basins with water flowing from one country to another, groundwater resources shared by several countries, or marine ecosystems bounded by more than one nation.
		GEF international waters projects help countries to deal with concerns in all types of transboundary water systems, ranging from river basins, lake basins, and groundwater systems, to coasts and large marine ecosystems where most fisheries are harvested, to the open ocean.
		Although GEF’s international waters focal area does not serve as a financial mechanism for a specific convention, it is associated with many global and regional conventions that are involved with transboundary water systems, mostly at a regional level.
	www.gefweb.org /projects/Focal_Areas/iw/iw.html (386 words)

	International waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The terms international waters or transboundary waters apply where any of the followingtypes of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands.
		Marine and freshwater systems,including surface waters and groundwater, constitute the world's water resources, which provide drinking water, sustenance,income, transportation routes and other amenities to a majority of the human population.
		International waters are one of several focal areas for protection and restoration projects supported by the Global Environment Facility as well as bilateral andmultilateral development agencies.
	www.therfcc.org /international-waters-29259.html (585 words)

	World Bank Group \| World Bank - Global Environment Facility \| International Waters
		Water is a primary and fundamental global resource that is now under enormous stress.
		Global environmental concerns relating to international waters include degradation of the quality of transboundary water resources, physical habitat degradation of coastal and near-shore marines areas, lakes and watercourses, introduction of nonindigenous species, and excessive exploitation of living and nonliving resources.
		International waters constitute a very broad focal area, covered by numerous conventions, treaties, and agreements.
	lnweb18.worldbank.org /ESSD/envext.nsf/45ByDocName/ThemesInternationalWaters (594 words)

	UN system-wide Earthwatch partner: UNEP Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA)
		The assessment will focus on the problems of shared, transboundary waters and is designed not merely to analyse the current problems but to develop scenarios of the future condition of the world's water resources and analyse policy options with a view to providing sound scientific advice to decision makers and managers concerned with water resources.
		GIWA aims to produce a fully comprehensive and integrated global assessment of international waters encompassing the ecological status of and causes of environmental problems of transboundary freshwater basins and their associated coastal and ocean systems.
		The assessment will be undertaken from the perspectives of: water quality and quantity; associated biodiversity and habitats; their use by society; the societal causes of the regionally identified issues and problems; and scenarios of future conditions based on projections of demographic, economic and social changes associated with the process of human development.
	earthwatch.unep.net /about/docs/Pdepgiwa.htm (408 words)

	Legislation - Agreements to Promote Fishery Conservation and Management in International Waters
		However, the absence of formal regulations for fishing in international waters has encouraged states to exploit living marine resources without considering the sustainability of their catch quotas.
		Despite these international agreements, fish stocks continued their decline and coastal states protested that current protection was inadequate and that several issues needed to be addressed.
		The International Conference on Responsible Fishing, held in Cancun, Mexico, from May 6-8, 1992, heightened global awareness about the predicament facing many fish stocks, and was the culmination of many years of effort.
	www.netpets.com /fish/legarchives/mar-8.html (946 words)

	Search for International Waters - WordIQ.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		VHeadline.com - Venezuelan Navy seizes 3 tonnes of cocaine in international waters
		Venezuelan Navy seizes 3 tonnes of cocaine in international waters.
		The rapid deterioration being experienced by international waters is one of the most...
	www.wordiq.com /cgi-bin/smartsearch/smartsearch.cgi?keywords=International+Waters&s=140&bt=&crawlsite=&c=&db=&e=4160004&f=0&username=&c3=4&c5=0&c99= (560 words)

	Feminist Daily News 6/27/2003: Women on Waves Performs First Abortion in International Waters
		In international waters, a licensed gynecologist and nurse from the Netherlands administered mifepristone (RU 486).
		Gomperts constructed a floating clinic on a ship that sails to countries where abortion is illegal and, by sailing out to international waters, she is able to provide essential reproductive services to women, including non-surgical abortions, contraception, and counseling.
		Under the current law in Poland, women are permitted to obtain abortions only when the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest, when the pregnancy constitutes a threat to the life of the woman, or when there is "heavy, irreversible" damage to the fetus.
	www.feminist.org /news/newsbyte/uswirestory.asp?id=7888 (584 words)

	ARRLWeb: Maritime Mobile Operation in International Waters
		When an FCC licensed amateur is operating an amateur rig aboard a US-registered vessel in international waters, he or she must follow Part 97 of the FCC rules, particularly Section 97.11.
		Each of the three International Telecommunication Union (ITU) "Regions" have their own allocation for the various services, and they do not necessarily conform to our frequencies in the US, which is in Region 2.
		When you're in International waters, you operate under the auspices of your FCC license, but you must be mindful of the frequencies assigned to other ITU Regions.
	www.arrl.org /FandES/field/regulations/io/maritime.html (1264 words)

	The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The general rules of international law as set forth in these chapters are applicable to the use of the waters of an international drainage basin except as may be provided otherwise by convention, agreement or binding custom among the basin States.
		Article II An international drainage basin is a geographical area extending over two or more States determined by the watershed limits of the system of waters, including surface and underground waters, flowing into a common terminus.
		A basin State may not be denied the present reasonable use of the waters of an international drainage basin to reserve for a co-basin State a future use of such waters.
	www.internationalwaterlaw.org /IntlDocs/Helsinki_Rules.htm (1390 words)

	International waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		International waters, both inland (surface or groundwater) or marine, often belong either to several States or to none.
		These waters are under particular threat from overexploitation of their resources as well as from pollution and soil erosion.
		The aim of the FGEF is to contribute to better management of international waters.
	www.ffem.net /jahia/Jahia/lang/en/pid/242 (105 words)

	Waters Truck and Tractor - Waters International Trucks
		Waters Truck and Tractor - Waters International Trucks
		Each year International Truck and Engine Company evaluates each of its 400 dealers in the U.S. and Canada.
		Those dealers that reach a specific score are selected to the International "Circle of Excellence." We are proud of the fact that only three other dealers can say they have won the "Circle Of Excellence" award more times than we have.
	www.waterstruck.com (173 words)

	International Waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It was convened to discuss how to manage the international waters of the South Pacific, where there is currently little control over fishing methods or...
		International Waters Programme Solomon Islands, which is assisting the Buroku community, is treating the mangrove replanting exercise as a pilot project.
		According to a press release from Petrel Fishing, a spokesman for Petrel Fishing has said the ship was operating in International waters when it was stopped by...
	www.wikiverse.org /international-waters (922 words)

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