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Topic: Internationalization and localization

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Internationalization and localization
		Internationalization is the process of ensuring that an application is capable of adapting to local requirements, for instance ensuring that the local writing system can be displayed.
		Localization is the process of adapting the software to be as familiar as possible to a specific locale, by displaying text in the local language and using local conventions for the display of such things as units of measurement.
		Internationalization is often abbreviated as the numeronym i18n (or I18n or I18N) where the number 18 refers to the number of letters omitted (nternationalizatio).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Internationalization_and_localization (2401 words)

	Internationalization and Localization of Web Applications
		The locale (language and country) settings are specified when adding a new locale or editing an existing one from the Locales and Encoding configuration dialog.
		A locale may not be permanently selected because if one resource key is missing then the translation will be taken from the neutral or default locale, but another resource key can be found in the specified locale and then the specified locale's translation will be used.
		Localization - the process of converting a program to run in a particular locale or country, so that all text is displayed in the native language, and native conventions are used for formatting.
	docs.codecharge.com /studio3/html/UserGuide/WorkingWithProjs/Internationalization/Internationalization.html (3318 words)

	Planning for Internationalization and Localization
		internationalization is the process of writing an application that is suitable for the global marketplace, taking into account variations in regions, languages, and cultures.
		localization, refers to the process of customizing an application for a particular language or region.
		Internationalization guidelines are identified throughout the book by this symbol.
	java.sun.com /products/jlf/ed2/book/HIG.Issues3.html (1313 words)

	SESM Internationalization and Localization
		Internationalization is the process of designing an application so that it can be adapted for various languages and regions without programming changes.
		Localization is the process of adapting an application for a specific language or region by adding locale-specific components and text.
		The second set of modifications for localization is that message text and other items in resource bundles must be translated, and an additional properties file must be created for each new language.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/sesm/sesm_317/webdevgd/ch5_loca.htm (4088 words)

	W3C I18n FAQ: Localization vs. Internationalization
		Localization refers to the adaptation of a product, application or document content to meet the language, cultural and other requirements of a specific target market (a "locale").
		Internationalization is the design and development of a product, application or document content that enables easy localization for target audiences that vary in culture, region, or language.
		Notice that these items do not necessarily include the localization of the content, application, or product into another language; they are design and development practices which allow such a migration to take place easily in the future but which may have significant utility even if no localization ever takes place.
	www.w3.org /International/questions/qa-i18n (624 words)

	TWiki . Javapedia . Internationalization
		Internationalization is about the language the application is using to talk to the user.
		Internationalization of applications obviously require the application provider to provide the correct translations at run time, this is done in Java using [[Resource bundles] to allow a pre-defined file format and naming convention to be used.
		If the internationalization is about the language in which an application is shown, then localization is about the country in which the user is using the application.
	wiki.java.net /bin/view/Javapedia/Internationalization (694 words)

	Internationalization and Localization - Joe Mabel
		An internationalized site or program requires forethought: it may not be easy to design up front for the international market, but it is far harder adapt it for other languages, nations, and cultures when the original designers thought only about use by English speakers in the United States.
		Conversely, an expert on internationalization may not have the language facility or the knowledge of a particular culture to perform a localization.
		A highly internationalized piece of software generally cannot be thoroughly tested in all of the languages it supports, and some of the localizations will probably not be available at the time of the first release.
	www.speakeasy.org /~jmabel/intl1.htm (2455 words)

	Globalization Insider (2002/1.5): GILT: Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, Translation
		A locale in our industry identifies a group of people by their common language and cultural conventions; the group may or may not be in the same physical location.
		Internationalization of source code consists, among other things, of centralizing text strings in resource files to make it easier for the translator to do his job (and avoid accidental changes to source code).
		Localization may no longer be a separate discipline since sooner or later all translators will have to know at least the basics of localization – from translation to localization, and back again.
	www.lisa.org /globalizationinsider/2002/03/gilt_globalizat.html (1909 words)

	Customer Focus in Internationalization, Localization and Product Development - Language Technology Center - ENLASO ...
		In 1998, this was augmented with an Internationalization Working Group (I18N WG), that strengthened the focus on ensuring that all W3C specifications are enabled for worldwide use.
		Richard Ishida is a leading internationalization expert, who chairs the W3C Internationalization Working Group and is a co-chair of the Internationalization and Unicode Conference.
		He is a popular speaker on internationalization related themes, and has delivered highly popular tutorials twice-yearly at every International Unicode Conference since 1995.
	www.translate.com /technology/multilingual_standard/customer_focus.html (1784 words)

	Mozilla i18n & L10n Guidelines
		This process involves identifying the locales that must be supported, designing features which support those locales, and writing code that functions equally well in any of the supported locales.
		Acronym for "internationalization" ("i" + 18 letters + "n"; lower case i is used to distinguish it from the numeral 1 (one)).
		Acronym for "localization" ("L" + 10 letters + "n"; upper case L is used to distinguish it from the numeral 1 (one)).
	www.mozilla.org /docs/refList/i18n (1092 words)

	Article: Introduction to Internationalization and Localization: Globalization of Software Applications
		The term is used for the internationalization and the localization process together or the concept to produce software that works globally.
		Internationalization is the design and development of software in a way that allows it to be localized (translated) to other locales (languages) without the need to alter the source code.
		It is clear that the localization by the third party can be most efficient if it is possible to actually see the result of the localization on location (directly in the product).
	www.suodenjoki.dk /interesser/localization.asp (2758 words)

	Internationalization and Localization Markup Requirements
		Two aspects of entities are of particular importance with regard to internationalization and localization: entities are defined, and entities are used.
		In order to simplify the parsing process by documentation and localization tools, there should be a declaration of a language/locale that is applied to the whole document as well as externalized content.
		From a localization point of view, many XML vocabularies include markup which requires special attention, since the markup is associated with a specific type of content.
	www.w3.org /TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518 (7545 words)

	SOFTWARE LOCALIZATION AND INTERNATIONALIZATION
		Software localization, like website localization, is a complex operation requiring careful coordination between phases of work, and requires the collaboration of different professionals from translators, graphic designers and programmers to marketing experts.
		The user interface must be localized in all of its structural components (menu bars, button, status indicators, generic messages, error messages, etc).
		The software guide must be localized so as to be consistent with the terminology used in the localization o the user interface, respecting the format (Rtf or HTML) of the original structure.
	www.localization-translation.com /translation-localization-services/software-localization.html (294 words)

	W3C Internationalization (I18n) Activity
		The W3C Internationalization (I18n) Activity works with W3C working groups and liaises with other organizations to make it possible to use Web technologies with different languages, scripts, and cultures.
		The Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Working Group has published an updated Working Draft of Best Practices for XML Internationalization.
		This document provides a set of guidelines for developing XML documents and schemas that are internationalized properly.
	www.w3.org /International (850 words)

	A List Apart: Articles: World Grows Small: Open Standards for the Global Web
		Internationalization, which is often written shorthand as i18n (first letter, 18 letters, last letter), refers to the practice of designing and developing a product, application, or document in a way that makes it easily localized for target audiences that vary in culture, region, or language.
		Localization, on the other hand, is the actual adaptation of those sites to meet the language, cultural, and other requirements of a specific target market.
		Now that the meaning of internationalization and localization is more clear, we can begin to understand the relationship between internationalization and localization and the concepts we already use as standards-aware designers.
	www.alistapart.com /articles/worldgrowssmall (1636 words)

	DCMI Localization and Internationalization Community
		The DCMI Localization and Internationalization Community is a forum for individuals and organizations to share information and exchange ideas on the use of Dublin Core in their local or domain-specific applications with the global community.
		A typical example is adoption of DC to local resources in a local language, which may include definition of elements and qualifiers to express language or culture specific information.
		Local knowledge from a diversity of cultural contexts is useful not just locally, but also for the global community.
	dublincore.org /groups/languages (701 words)

	SILICON VALLEY LOCALIZATION FORUM
		Localized resource files, being of a different size than basic US versions, are arranged differently on disks and so it is necessary to test installation procedures.
		An advantage to localizing in the target country is that it provides the opportunity to verify the localized product's functionality on more of the typical computer environments than may be available in the US home office and with more localized versions of third-party SW.
		They will have started to localize incomplete engineering releases of the product; as bugs are discovered in the basic code and corrections are made to the code, documentation and Help, new engineering releases get out of synchronization with the releases being translated.
	www.tgpconsulting.com /articles/quality.html (1697 words)

	Internationalization and Localization for WebLogic Server
		Internationalization (I18N) refers to the process of designing software so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions easily, cost-effectively, and, in particular, without engineering changes to the software.
		All internationalized text is defined in message catalogs, each of which defines a collection of log messages or simple text.
		To create an internationalized message, you externalize all message strings in a message catalog so that the strings can be converted to multiple locales without changing or recompiling the code.
	e-docs.bea.com /wls/docs90/i18n/Overview.html (802 words)

	Introducing XML Internationalization
		Internationalization, sometimes abbreviated to i18n ('i' followed by 18 other letters followed by 'n'), is a design-time activity where the process of adapting a product to different target languages and cultures is thought through and all aspects of the product that need to be adapted or localized are identified.
		Localization involves the translating of natural language used in a product and its documentation, configuration of a product for a particular set of cultural norms, and any other configuration aimed at tailoring a product to a set of legal and environmental norms.
		These are important techniques for localizing a product and their disciplined use as part of an overall internationalization and localization effort is the best way to add predictability to the otherwise daunting process of adapting your application for multiple locales.
	www.ibm.com /developerworks/web/library/x-i18n1.html?ca=drs- (2795 words)

	Internationalization Encyclopedia: : localization
		Please do not hesitate to email me if you disagree with this article or found an any error in this page.
		(aka l10n) Process of adapting a software or document for a specific locale.
		Depending how well the software has been internationalized these tasks may be more or less trivial.
	www.i18ngurus.com /encyclopedia/localization.html (105 words)

	ONLamp.com -- Internationalization and Localization with PHP
		Internationalization (often abbreviated I18N--there are 18 letters between the first "i" and the last "n") is the process of taking an application designed for just one locale and restructuring it so that it can be used in many different locales.
		Localization (often abbreviated L10N--there are 10 letters between the first "l" and the "n") is the process of adding support for a new locale to an internationalized application.
		A locale is a group of settings that describe text formatting and language customs in a particular area of the world.
	www.onlamp.com /pub/a/php/2002/11/28/php_i18n.html (624 words)

	TGP Book
		If you purchased the book SW Internationalization and Localization you can now upgrade your knowledge with the new edition of TGP Courseware which is the update of the book now out of print.
		A properly localized software package allows the local user to exploit the software's power to do exactly the same things that the original software does for the original user, but according to the local user's own rules and conventions.
		The local user will not be distracted by imprecise or ambiguous features that can result from inadequate attention to cultural and linguistic differences, nor from the nature of the software and engineering constraints on equipment.
	www.tgpconsulting.com /book.htm (367 words)

	First Annual Localization & Internationalization i18n Conference Held in Ramat Gan, Israel and is intended for Software ...
		Localization and translation have been transformed into basic necessities and have become primary international marketing subjects in all business sectors.
		The internationalization and localization processes begin with the software itself, along with the accompanying documentation and help, and extend to intensive Quality Assurance verification.
		Simship is the release of the localized versions of software at the same time as the source language release.
	www.net-translators.com /safot/news_article_six.asp (635 words)

	Software Globalization: Internationalization and Localization
		Internationalization is the process of designing applications so that they can be localized (adapted) to various languages and regions without engineering changes.
		Localization is the process of translating text into local languages for specific locales, then testing the product for each locale implemented.
		Localization may include creating graphics files containing localized images (such as flags) as well as the translation of text in message resource properties files.
	www.wilsonmar.com /i18n.htm (866 words)

	The Cover Pages: XML Internationalization and Localization
		From the publisher: "The purpose of this book is twofold: First to describe what needs to be done to internationalize XML documents and applications; second to describe how the XML data can be localized efficiently.
		is a book about how to develop internationalized XML documents and localize them, as well as how to take advantage of XML when localizing any other type of source material.
		Yves has a firm grasp of the technical aspects of XML development, which he compliments with a wealth of experience in the field of localization.
	xml.coverpages.org /Savourel-XML-Internationalization.html (287 words)

	Internationalization I18N, localization L10N, & globalization G10N, for software development: we develop ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fully internationalized applications can be localized to a particular country or region without any changes in the program code.
		Locale sensitive data such as dates, times, numbers, and currencies are formatted according to the userâs language and geographic region.
		Even if internationalized code is not one of your requirements at this time, your application will be engineered in such a way that it can be fully internationalized (with minimal cost and effort) should your future needs require it.
	www.compassrosetech.com /services/i18n.html (503 words)

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