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Topic: Internodes

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	[No title]
		At the twenty-seventh revolution the lower and still moving internode was 8.375, the penultimate 3.5, and the ultimate 2.5 inches in length; and the inclination of the whole shoot was such, that a circle 19 inches in diameter was swept by it.
		Internodes which have become twisted round their own axes, if they have not ceased to revolve, are still capable of twining round a support, as I have several times observed.
		The lower and older internodes, which continued to revolve, were incapable, on repeated trials, of twining round a thin stick; showing that, although the power of movement was retained, this was not sufficient to enable the plant to twine.
	library.beau.org /gutenberg/etext01/cplnt10.txt (19577 words)

	Doebley Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The number of internodes (or leaves) in each lateral branch is roughly equivalent to the number in the main stalk above the point of attachment of the branch.
		Unlike teosinte, the number of internodes in the lateral branch is greater than the number in the main stalk above the point of attachment of the branch.
		Finally, the lateral branch is terminated by a female inflorescence or ear, which is tightly enclosed within the spirally arranged husks because of the failure of the internodes of the branch to fully elongate.
	www.wisc.edu /teosinte/morphology.htm (948 words)

	Kende, H; Faculty Plant Biology Department at Michigan State Unversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The distribution and activity of expansin as well as susceptibility of the internodal tissue to expansin is correlated with internodal growth (14, 18), and both submergence and GA increase expression of expansin genes in the growing region of the rice internode (15).
		Lee, Y. and H. Kende: Expression of ß-expansins is correlated with internodal elongation in deepwater rice.
		-expansins is correlated with internodal elongation in deepwater rice.
	www.plantbiology.msu.edu /kende.shtml (3978 words)

	IL
		Very few tendril-bearing plants.html">plants can spirally twine up an upright from the stiffness or shortness of the internodes, from the size of of the stem serves to bring the tendrils into contact with begins whilst the tendril is young, and is at first slow.
		This experiment can be tried only on the thicker extremities are often slightly curved or hooked, and the curvature.html">curvature of extremities of twining shoots, which not only reverse their themselves in a greater degree than the lower part.
		In most other internodes, which all move together by successively bending to each unimportant difference, that the curving tendril is separated from the summit of the stem or shoot projects above the point.html">point from which out of the way of the revolutions swept by the tendril.
	www.findword.org /il/il.html (331 words)

	Pruning and Pinching
		This is usually done to a shoot with several internodes to be removed or with a larger lignified (woody) existing branch.
		Internode length is also influenced by the season and growth rate.
		It doesn't matter how many internodes are in the first section of the branch, the only thing that matters is whether the branch will sprout from where you cut it to form a bend or create a secondary (side branch) and a new main extension.
	www.evergreengardenworks.com /pruning.htm (1336 words)

	IITA/CIMMYT Research Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Several nodes and internodes remain condensed underground, forming the crown (Figure 5).
		Above the crown, internodes elongate resulting in a stem length of 2.5 m or more under favorable conditions.
		As the internodes elongate, a 'new' leaf emerges from the whorl once every 3 days (depending on the temerature), with a total of 16-23 leaves, depending on genotype and environment (specifically daylength and temperature).
	www.iita.org /info/trn_mat/irg9/irg904.htm (519 words)

	Crop Science: Sugar Metabolism during Growth and Development in Sugarcane Internodes.@ HighBeam Research
		Activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes during development of internodal storage tissue may determine the rate of total sugar accumulation and final sucrose concentration.
		Internodes of seven commercial cultivars were tagged prior to elongation and sampled at intervals from July until December during two growing seasons.
		Internode elongation was completed by about 380 [degrees] C d (base temperature 18 [degrees] C).
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:54496333&... (212 words)

	Formicidae: Azteca longiceps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The internodes contained "knollen," discrete mounds of sticky bran-like material filled with nematodes, tiny dipteran larvae, and what appeared to be abundant stylets of Homoptera.
		There was one unoccupied internode in the middle of the branch, with solid septa on both sides.
		Inner diameters of occupied internodes were greater than inner diameters of unoccupied internodes, but the sclerenchyma layer was thicker in the former, again suggesting that the sclerenchyma layer was a response to the ants.
	www.evergreen.edu /ants/genera/AZTECA/SPECIES/LONGICEPS/longiceps.html (737 words)

	How to Reduce the Size of Leaves for Bonsai
		Reducing the size of leaves and the distance between them (the internodes) is the primary focus of the final training of bonsai.
		If you top prune a tree while it is dormant, you remove outlets, that is buds, for receiving food in spring, the result is the over stimulation of the existing buds, that are released from apical dominance (no more 'stop' hormones from the now cut off terminal buds).
		Of all the nutrients, the one affecting leaf and internode size the most dramatically is nitrogen, so it is best to keep the level of nitrogen balanced in the feeding program.
	www.evergreengardenworks.com /leafsize.htm (975 words)

	Electrical Excitability of the Soma of Sensory Neurons Is Required for Spike Invasion of the Soma, but Not for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Internodes close to the t-junction, that had tapering axon diameter and other abnormalities, are crosshatched (for details, see Methods).
		The first internode on the stem axon is barely visible due to its thin myelin sheath (Table 1).
		the axon/fiber diameter ratio for the fourth internode is 0.70.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/84/4/2181 (5845 words)

	Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The lengths of panicles and the upper four internodes of 10 main culms were averaged in each genotype.
		The internode elongation pattern of OSH15 (-/-) plants were integrated into this panel based on the data on the relative contributions of each internode to total culm shown in Table I. Figure 4 (A) Detection of mutations in the OSH15 genes of the three d6-type mutants by genomic Southern analysis.
		Side views of the fourth internode of a wild-type plant (B) and the third and fourth internodes of a d6 dwarf mutant (C).
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v18/n4/fig_tab/7591533ft.html (1022 words)

	Nodes and Internodes
		Roots often form at nodes of creeping plants and when cuttings are taken for propagation.
		Internodes are the segments of the stem between nodes.
		Plants grown under poor light conditions may be spindly, with very long, thin, and weak internodes.
	www.hcs.ohio-state.edu /mgonline/Botany/pla01/07pla01.htm (77 words)

	[No title]
		The problem is that this particular component may only exist from one person's perspective and may be part of a complex conditional expression of belief, so we still need a full linguistic system to express when and why and how a particular component of a particular relationship vector has a given value.
		There is a natural decision that needs to be made, and that is whether to design the whole system in terms of "nodes" and "internodes" down to the lowest level, or whether to work on a more general framework.
		the "internode" is an instance or sub-class of the "node".
	www.onemodel.org /maillist/oldlist-volume00-15 (2249 words)

	Copper Amine Oxidase Expression in Defense Responses to Wounding and Ascochyta rabiei Invasion -- Rea et al. 128 (3): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The fourth internode of chickpea seedlings was longitudinally injured with a blade and CuAO activity determined in the third, fourth, and fifth internodes at the indicated times.
		A, CuAO activity determined in the fourth and sixth internodes of excised chickpea control epicotyls (C), or treated with JA (J), or wounded at the fourth internode (W), or wounded 8 h after the onset of JA-treatments (J/W).
		Sections from infected internodes (E and F) were cut at the center of the superficial area of the necrosis.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/128/3/865 (5667 words)

	Tomato Genetics Resource Center - List of Gene Names and Symbols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		No anthocyanin in cotyledons and primary leaves; little anthocyanin in hypocotyl; internodes and leaves shorted; pinnae and interpinnae modified.
		Shorter internodes; leaves small and spotted with yellow-green or yellow; flowers small and petals narrow with white edges.
		Seedling small; internodes shortened; leaf light grey-green with narrow, keeled segments; fruit round and relatively large.
	tgrc.ucdavis.edu /Genes.html (1623 words)

	ECOPHYS visualization project: File Formats
		Internodes are cylindrical objects, and are defined by two, three-dimensional coordinates of the cylinder's endpoints, and its radius (figure 1).
		If an internode has a branch that forks from it, that branch is a sub-branch of the internode.
		When none of the internodes that make up a branch have a sub-branch, that branch has the potential to contain a leaf.
	www.nrri.umn.edu /ecoview/files.html (758 words)

	Grouping of commercial rattans based on anatomical characteristics
		Samples were taken from the middle of internode, 1-3 samples per species.
		23), average diameter 26 mm, internode length more than 10 cm, deep greyish brown skin, poor flexibility, vascular bundles 9 in periphery and 2 in center, vascular bundles sparse, ground tissue abundant, skin hard, brittle, canes of poor quality, used as frames for furniture; Some species are better; Ex.
		18-21), others are of poor quality for weaving or making furniture, internode length less than 10 cm, very hard, inflexible, but generally used for handicrafts and for making other utility articles (yellowish brown or greyish brown in color).
	www.ipgri.cgiar.org /publications/HTMLPublications/576/ch20.htm (1745 words)

	Rice dwarf mutant d1, which is defective in the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, affects gibberellin ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		To measure internode elongation in response to GA, 10 rice seeds were sown in a pot of soil and grown for 2 weeks in a greenhouse
		and internodes was performed as described previously (18, 19).
		-Amylase induction and internode elongation may be regulated mainly by this pathway to result in high sensitivities to GA (red), whereas leaf sheath elongation may be not regulated by this pathway to result in low sensitivity to GA (blue).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/21/11638 (4790 words)

	Flowers - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		After fertilization, a flower develops into a fruit containing the seed(s).
		In botany, a flower is regarded a modified stem (Eames, 1961) with shortened internodes and bearing, at its nodes, structures that may be highly modified leaves.
		In essence, a flower structure forms on a modified shoot or axis with an apical meristem that does not grow continuously (growth is determinate).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /flowers.htm (1521 words)

	Bambusa
		Culms with short internodes generally arch strongly and are covered with white powder when young.
		The culms and branches are yellowish-green and gradually turn pale yellow with persistent darker green stripes on the internodes.
		Erect, thick-walled culms with yellow stripes in the lower internodes.
	www.tropicalbamboo.org /bambusa.htm (913 words)

	KEY F
		Plants scandent, the stem elongate, with long internodes, the leaves dispersed throughout much of the length of the stem.
		Stem with internodes nearly uniform length, decreasing slightly toward the apex of the stem; leaves drying dark brown to flish or pale green; berries green, red or orange;
		Major lateral veins mostly free to the margin, sometimes loop-connected in apical half of blade, never with a continuous, almost straight collective vein arising from near the base; plants rosulate epiphytes with usually short stems and massive root clusters among the petioles; berries pale orange, yellow or red.
	www.aroid.org /genera/Anthurium/keyf.htm (2707 words)

	Control your cannabis
		Plant internodal length is directly related to the difference between day and night temperatures — the warmer your day cycle is as compared to your night cycle, the greater your internode length will be.
		It is during the first 2-3 weeks of the flower cycle that most strains begin to lengthen internodes, making it a very important time to control temperature, as this is when the framework for future colas is built.
		Raising the salt level in the medium closer to that which is in the roots limits the water availability just the same as if we had provided less water.
	cannabisculture.com /articles/1536.html (1563 words)

	[No title]
		Inflorescences terminal, panicles of subdigitate to racemosely arranged branches, each branch with (1)2-many rames, branches not subtended by modified leaves; rames with spikelets in heterogamous sessile-pedicellate pairs, internodes with a translucent, longitudinal groove, often villous on the margins; disarticulation in the rames, beneath the sessile spikelets.
		Spikelets dorsally compressed; sessile spikelets with 2 florets; lower glumes rounded, several-veined, sometimes with a dorsal pit, margins clasping the upper glume; upper glumes somewhat keeled, 3-veined; lower florets hyaline scales, unawned; upper florets bisexual; upper lemmas with a midvein that usually extends into a twisted, geniculate awn, occasionally unawned; anthers 3.
		laguroides in having pilose leaves, a narrow central groove in the internodes and pedicels, and panicle branches with axillary pulvini.
	herbarium.usu.edu /treatments/Bothriochloa.htm (2865 words)

	Hawaiian Kava Center: About kava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Internodes have somewhat more green than the Spotted-Hiwa.
		Its fragrant flowers are whitish yellow; its leaves are somewhat thick, having a disagreeable odor.
		(aka Mahakea): Long internodes and stems of a lighter green than Apu and with reddish color at the nodes.
	home.hawaii.rr.com /yee/hkc/about.html (1085 words)

	[No title]
		Species of Andropogon with solitary rames are easily confused with Schizachyrium but, in Andropogon, the lower glumes of the sessile spikelets are flat or concave and the rame internodes are not cupulate, whereas Schizachyrium has convex glumes and rame internodes with strongly cupulate apices.
		Sessile spikelets with awns 8-25 mm long; ligules 0.4-2.5 mm long; hairs of the rame internodes 2.2-4.2 mm long, sparse to dense; rhizomes sometimes present, the internodes usually less than 2 cm....
		Inflorescence units 2-30+ per culm; peduncles usually 5-20 mm, with (1)2 rames; rames 3-4 cm, exserted at maturity, terminating in a sessile-pedicellate spikelet pair; internodes sparsely to densely villous, hairs from as long as to twice as long as the sessile spikelets.
	herbarium.usu.edu /treatments/Andropogon.htm (3948 words)

	Bansuri Flutes / Bamboo with long internodes- Bamboo Forums
		Bambusa multiplex Silver Stripe is very good, has a good sound, is long enough, but a bit thick walled and the internodes are frequently bent.
		I heard about Schizostachyum, a green striped yellow culm which seems to be the best for bansuri.
		it is green, has long internodes and is used for making nose flutes.
	www.bamboocraft.net /forums/showthread.php?t=469 (652 words)

	Expression of Lipoxygenase During Organogenic Nodule Formation from Hop Internodes -- Fortes et al. 52 (2): 227 -- ...
		Immunoblotting analysis of LOX in internodal explants and organogenic nodules.
		Tissue-specific expression of LOX in internodes at the time of excision from the parent plant and after 7 and 15 days of culture.
		Autofluorescence from vascular (VC) and sclerenchymal cells and chloroplasts is observed.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/52/2/227 (6174 words)

	Critical Phosphorus Levels for Salicornia Growth -- Alsaeedi and Elprince 92 (2): 336 -- Agronomy Journal
		Woody internodes may be regarded as an extension of the vascular
		The young internodes are less desirable as the indicator part
		P in the semiwoody internodes is 483 mg kg
	agron.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/2/336 (4421 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Cell walls of deepwater rice internodes undergo long-term extension (creep) when placed under tension in acidic buffers.
		Our results show that two expansions occur in the cell walls of rice internodes and that they may mediate acid-induced wall extension.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=518638 (277 words)

	Expression of Endoxyloglucan Transferase Genes in acaulis Mutants of Arabidopsis -- Akamatsu et al. 121 (3): 715 -- ...
		Total RNA (10 µg per lane) was prepared from 7-d-old seedlings (lane 1), roots (lane 2), rosette leaves (lane 3), internodes between nodes bearing axillary shoots (lane 4), internodes between nodes bearing flowers (lane 5), flower buds (lane 6), and siliques (lane 7).
		Analysis of the expression of EXGT genes during internode elongation.
		Total RNA (10 µg per lane) was prepared from internodes between nodes bearing flowers (lanes 1, 3, and 5) and internodes between nodes bearing axillary shoots (lanes 2, 4, and 6).
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/121/3/715 (3815 words)

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