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Topic: Interplanetary Scintillation Array

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	Interplanetary Scintillation Array - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Interplanetary Scintillation Array (IPS Array or Pulsar Array) was built at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1967 and originally covered four acres (16,000 m²).
		It was designed by Antony Hewish to measure the high-frequency fluctuations of radio sources, originally for monitoring interplanetary scintillation.
		Antony Hewish received a Nobel prize after the high time-resolution of the array allowed the detection of pulsars by Jocelyn Bell in 1967.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplanetary_Scintillation_Array (214 words)

	Cosmic ray modulation as obtained by the analysis of IPS data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The interplanetary scintillation (IPS) is a powerful tool that can be used to study the tridimensional structure of the heliosphere and to monitor the presence of large scale perturbations in the interplanetary medium that originate at the Sun, such as coronal mass ejections.
		In this paper we use the calculations of the “G” index of interplanetary scintillation data, which results from the integration of all the sources of scintillation that are measured to conform sky maps of plasma density irregularities in the interplanetary medium.
		We found evidence of self-organization in the data and thus propose that the interplanetary medium is close to a critical state, at least for certain periods, and that this may explain the noncyclic components of solar and magnetospheric activities.
	geminis.geociencias.unam.mx /~roman/per++0704.htm (1898 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Antony Hewish
		Hewish made both practical and theoretical advances in the observation and exploitation of the apparent scintillations of radio sources due to their radiation impinging upon plasma.
		This led him to propose, and secure funding for, the construction of the Interplanetary Scintillation Array, a large array radio telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO), Cambridge in order to conduct a high time-resolution radio survey of interstellar scintillation.
		In the course of this project, one of his graduate students, Jocelyn Bell, first noticed the radio source which was ultimately recognised as the first pulsar.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Antony_Hewish (332 words)

	MEXART Mexican Array Radio Telelescope. An Interplanetary Scintillation Array in Mexican
		The phenomenon called Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) is the random intensity variations of a cosmic radio source caused by the diffraction of its wavefront as it propagates through the turbulent interplanetary medium with a randomly fluctuating refractive index.
		Since ionospheric scintillation is at maximum in the auroral oval at high geomagnetic latitudes, diminishes at intermediate latitudes, and rises again toward the geomagnetic equator, the low latitude of the Mexican site reduces significantly the contaminating effect of ionospheric scintillation (which mimics interplanetary scintillation).
		In the first phase we built a prototype radio array near Mexico City which contained all the basic elements of the final array and in the second phase we are building the final array in the state of Michoacan which we expect to finish by the end of this year.
	soho.igeofcu.unam.mx /radiotelescope (1360 words)

	Catalogue: J/MNRAS/229/589
		The angular diameters of scintillating components in the range 0.2-2 arcsec are listed together with values of the scintillating flux density at a solar elongation of 90 deg.
		The survey was made with the 3.6-hectare array at Cambridge and covers the area of sky between declinations -10 deg and +83 deg at all values of right ascension.
		The array was operated as a north-south phase-switching interferometer observing sources near meridian transit.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /cgi-bin/Cat?J/MNRAS/229/589 (747 words)

	Hick et al., GRL 22(5), 643, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Interplanetary scintillation measurements of the disturbance factor, g, from October 1991 to October 1992 are used to construct synoptic Carrington maps.
		Meter-wavelength interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations have been used for remote sensing of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere, in particular to study its density and velocity structure.
		In this paper we present tentative evidence that active regions play a role in the modulation of the solar wind, and hence may be a contributing factor to the solar wind mass loss.
	cassfos02.ucsd.edu /solar/publications/1995_grl_22_643/grl95ips.html (2312 words)

	Cosmic ray modulation as obtained by the analysis of IPS data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We use the G index of interplanetary scintillation that is calculated from the integration of the scintillation of all sources that were used at Cambridge Radiotelescope array to conform the daily scintillation maps, from 1991-1994.
		The interplanetary scintillation is a very useful technique for the study of the tridimensional structure of the heliosphere and to probe the presence of large scale perturbations in the interplanetary medium, which originate at the Sun.
		We then use the computation of the daily “g” index of interplanetary scintillation, from the Cambridge Array, for the years 1991-1992, to calculate an average index that we call G, which we assume to represent the state of the inner heliosphere.
	geminis.geociencias.unam.mx /~roman/Fd-ips2.htm (1353 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This will be a dedicated (24 hours) radio array for IPS observations of nearly 1000 well known radio sources in the sky which is being built in Coeneo, Michoacán (350 km north-west from Mexico City, 19'48 degrees north and 101'41 degrees west).
		This array will be part of a global warning network of solar activity associated storms, ionospheric disturbances, and other solar wind studies.
		The Mexican IPS array will have very similar characteristics to the MRAO array in Cambridge, but with some significant advantages such as better electronic components, higher operation frequency (140 MHz) and its location at intermediate geographic latitudes.
	www.upn.mx /~max/astroflux/bibliografia.bib (528 words)

	THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM
		The interplanetary medium is composed of a tenuous, magnetized plasma which originates with the supersonic solar wind.
		Briefly, interferometers such as those at the VLA are ideally suited for measuring the angular broadening and intensity scintillations of background sources viewed through the solar wind, from which properties of the solar wind turbulence may be deduced: the spectral index, the turbulence level, its degree of anisotropy, and the dissipation scale.
		Angular broadening and scintillation are then due solely to the intervening turbulent medium.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /vla/upgrade/node30.html (504 words)

	Interstellar scintillation
		This interplanetary scintillation is strongest at frequencies less than ~1 GHz, and occurs predominantly when the sun, on its annual journey, passes close on the sky to the quasar.
		For a quasar to scintillate in the turbulent interstellar medium, its angular size must be of the same order as the angular size of the first Fresnel zone.
		Remember that the scintillations are caused by the focusing and defocusing patches of the turbulence in the interstellar medium as it moves by the Earth.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /news/newsletter/oct02/page1.html (2182 words)

	IPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Interplanetary scintillation is the name given to the 'twinkling' of small angular diameter radio sources.
		The arc of high scintillation on the left of the map was associated with a moderate geomagnetic storm a couple of days later.
		A high proportion of days had data which apparently had an additional scintillation component, which was most likely to be ionospheric in origin (Lucek et al, 1995).
	www.sp.ph.ic.ac.uk /~eal/ips.html (580 words)

	University of Glasgow: IPS
		The Astronomy and Astrophysics group in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Glasgow holds the primary data from the New Cambridge IPS Survey (1990 to 1994).
		These scintillations reveal density fluctuations in the interplanetary medium and can be processed to produce daily maps of the sky, highlighting regions occupied by unusually low or high density solar wind.
		Scintillation is expressed as the index g on a logarithmic scale.
	radio.astro.gla.ac.uk /ips/ips.htm (433 words)

	Session 2: Interstellar medium
		Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) is caused by the diffracting nature of the turbulent inner heliosphere.
		This body of data has now been restructured and cleaned up, taking into account interference, the skewing of the array from perfect alignment, etc. Important matters to be determined are the 'average' scintillation of a particular source, and the characteristic scintillation behaviour of a source in relation to its elongation from the sun.
		Therefore, areas of enhanced and decreased scintillation can be discerned, and used to produce 3-dimensional maps of structure in the solar wind.
	www.oa.uj.edu.pl /konferencje/yerac/session_2.html (1400 words)

	Elizabeth Lucek Publications
		Lucek, E., and Balogh, A., Ulysses observations of a discrete wavepacket upstream of an interplanetary shock, Geophys.
		Lucek, E.A. and Clark, T.D.G., The use of interplanetary scintillation maps in the prediction of geomagnetic activity, Ann.
		Lucek, E.A. and Rodger, A.S., The use of spread F and sporadic E observations in interplanetary scintillation forecasts of geomagnetic activity, Ann.
	www.sp.ph.ic.ac.uk /~eal/ealpub.html (502 words)

	[No title]
		This is accomplished by iteratively fitting the parameters of a kinematic solar wind density model to the SMEI white light observations and to Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (STELab), interplanetary scintillation (IPS) velocity data.
		interplanetary scintillation and Thomson scattering data) for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional solar wind density and velocity in the inner heliosphere.
		Over the past few years interplanetary scintillation observations from the Solar-Terrestrial Laboratory at Nagoya University, Japan, were the main source of data.
	www.phys.uu.nl /~rutten/rrtex/bibfiles/ads/abs/jackson.txt (12484 words)

	[No title]
		Results show that a large array of CMOS inverter structures will conduct large currents when the threshold voltages of the p and n-channel transistors reach the transition point of switching.
		Eight of these chips were included in the RRELAX and used to detect the passage of the Clementine (S/C) and the innerstage adapter (ISA) through the earth's radiation belts and the 21-Feb 1994 solar flare.
		In order to compare the Adams 1986 interplanetary solar flare model to a new model proposed by scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL92) we have calculated an array of upset rates using heavy ion and proton data for selected DRAM and SRAM memories and for Actel Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).
	www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk /~mwt/papers/ns41_6.html (9184 words)

	Interstellar Processes
		For these types of observations the compact central core of the array (containing a large fraction of the total collecting area) would be used.
		It is likely that the array could be designed to include about 30% of the collecting area in baseline spacings less than 2000 m.
		Because they are charged and deflected by Galactic, interplanetary, and geophysical fields, it is impossible to deduce the origin and complete spectrum of the cosmic ray particles from direct measurements, with the exception of the very highest energy particles.
	www.ras.ucalgary.ca /SKA/science/node10.html (6557 words)

	Kvant
		Attitude control thrusters were added to one of the external masts mounted by cosmonauts in 1992 to reduce fuel consumption of pointing manoeuvres.
		One solar array wing from the Kristall module was transferred to Kvant in 1992.
		Two new solar arrays (12 kW total) were delivered in 1995 to replace Kristall array.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/kvant.htm (1814 words)

	Properties of CSS radio sources from 102 MHz interplanetary scintillation observations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Properties of CSS radio sources from 102 MHz interplanetary scintillation observations
		Interplanetary scintillation observations of 56 compact steep-spectrum radio sources have been carried out at 102 MHz on the Large Phased Array, Russia.
		Observations have shown that 42 sources have low-frequency cut-offs in their spectra.
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2001/26/aa10008/aa10008.html (108 words)

	Meeting Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Virtually the only current source of routine observations of these disturbances as they propagate through the interplanetary medium are interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data.
		Tomographic techniques developed at UCSD over the last few years incorporate a kinematic model of the solar wind to determine and forecast the large-scale three-dimensional extents of velocity and density using interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations or Thomson scattering brightness data.
		We are developing tomographic techniques for analyzing remote sensing observations of the coronal and heliospheric density and velocity structure as observed in Thomson scattering (e.g.
	cassfos02.ucsd.edu /solar/publications/abstracts.html (1560 words)

	Antony Hewish - Pulsars and the Phased-Array Antenna
		In 1961, he transferred to Churchill College as Director of Studies in Physics, first as Lecturer from 1961 to 1969, then as Reader from 1969 to 1971, and then as Professor of Radio Astronomy from 1971 until 1989.
		showed how interplanetary scintillation could be used to obtain very high angular resolution in radio astronomy, equivalent to an interferometer with a baseline of 1000 km - something which had not then been achieved in this field.
		It was to exploit this technique on a large sample of radio galaxies that I conceived the idea of a giant phased-array antenna for a major sky survey.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/biographies_scientists/100020 (630 words)

	Shuttle Columbia Disaster; Wrong Place, Wrong Time! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The interplanetary magnetic field was mostly northwards for the remainder of the day.
		Another area of investigation would be neutral atoms that would have penetrated the magnetosphere and ionosphere prior to the Solar Wind shock wave as explained in the article below (14).
		He says a preliminary look at data collected by another array of instruments outside Mina, Nev., show "unusual" patterns when compared to data from other shuttle flights.
	www.yfiles.com /shuttle/index.htm (8372 words)

	Institute of Mathematical & Physical Sciences - Publications 1998 to 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Breen, A., Canals, A., Fallows, R. A., Moran, P. and Kojima, M. “Large-scale structure of the Solar Wind from Interplanetary Scintillation measurements during the rising phase of cycle 23”, Advances in Space Research, (January 2001).
		Moran, P. Breen, A. Canals, A., Markkanen, J., Janardhan, P., Tokumaru, M. and Williams, P. S., Observations of interplanetary scintillation during the 1998 whole sun month: a comparison between EISCAT, ORT and Nagoya data, Annales Geophysicae, 18, 1003-1008, (2000).
		Breen, A. Biesecker, D.A., Fallows, R. A., Lecinski, A., Mikic, Z., Moran, P.J. and Williams, P. Interplanetary scintillation observations of high-speed flow in the low-latitude solar wind, Solar Wind 9 - Proceedings of the Ninth International Solar Wind Conference, Nantucket, Massachusetts, 1998, pp 317-320, AIP Conference Proceedings 471, (1999).
	www.aber.ac.uk /mathematics/pubs_sorted.shtml (10808 words)

	Meeting abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Over the past years we have developed a tomographic technique for using heliospheric remote sensing observations (i.e.
		Our tomographic techniques developed over the last few years are based on kinematic models of the solar wind.
		Plasma disturbances originating on the Sun, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are a major factor in determining 'space weather' in the near-Earth environment.
	cass185.ucsd.edu /publications/abstracts.html (2114 words)

	Geofisica Internacional (Volume 43, 1, January - March, 2004 )
		GONZÁLEZ-ESPARZA, A. PÉREZ ENRÍQUEZ and S. The MEXART interplanetary scintillation array in Mexico.
		LARA G., A. GONZÁLEZ-ESPARZA and N. Characteristics of coronal mass ejections in the near Sun interplanetary space.
		LÓPEZ FUENTES, C. DÉMOULIN and L. Inferring the writhe of magnetic flux tubes from the evolution of active solar regions.
	www.igeofcu.unam.mx /divulgacion/geofinter/2004/geo01.html (347 words)

	swx_schedule
		Ionospheric Electron Content Variations and Scintillations near the Equatorial Anomaly Crest, A.
		Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS), E.L. Eichin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA Construction of an Interplanetary Scintillation Array in Mexico, A.
		Summer Nighttime equatorial F-region scintillations in response to severe magnetic storms in the Indian zone, S.
	www2.bc.edu /~dohertpd/swx_schedule.htm (1163 words)

	Extrasolar Planets Bibliography 2004
		CARR J., TOKUNAGA A. Hot H2O Emission and Evidence for Turbulence in the Disk of a Young Star.
		MASCIADRI E., FELDT M. Scintillation Effects on a High-Contrast Imaging Instrument for Direct Exo-Planets Detection.
		VAKILI F., ARISTIDI E., ABE L. Interferometric Remapped Array Nulling.
	www.obspm.fr /encycl/bibli04.html (7274 words)

	Scientific Instruments and Observatories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Neutron Flux Monitor, Multidirectional Muon Monitor and Surface Scintillation Array
		Waves of High frequency and Sounder for Probing of Electron density by Relaxation (WHISPER) Experiment
		European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) Radar Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS)
	orpheus.nascom.nasa.gov /~zarro/ihy/ihy_obs.html (227 words)

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