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Topic: Interplanetary Superhighway

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Interplanetary
		Any interplanetary particle or chunk of stony or metallic matter (meteoroid) that survives passage through Earth's atmosphere and strikes the ground or that reaches the surface of another planet or moon.
		It is thought to be sunlight reflected from interplanetary dust grains lying mostly in the plane of the zodiac, or ecliptic.
		A Dictionary of Astronomy; 1/1/1997; IAN RIDPATH; 31 words; interplanetary scintillation The fluctuation in brightness (‘twinkling’) of a radio source due to the scattering of radio waves by irregularities in the ionized gases of the solar wind.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Interplanetary (1207 words)

	Interplanetary travel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To date, the only form of spacecraft propulsion used for interplanetary missions is the chemical rocket engine.
		There are a number of designs for more efficient spacecraft propulsion methods (as measured by specific impulse) that could, speed up interplanetary space missions greatly and allow greater design "safety margins" by reducing the imperative to make spacecraft lighter.
		While manned interplanetary travel (with the arguable exception of the Apollo program) has not yet been achieved, a trip to Mars is probably feasible, even with chemical rocket propulsion, and could probably be achieved within a decade (at most two) if the funds were made available.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplanetary_travel (1289 words)

	INTERPLANETARY SUPERHIGHWAY MAKES SPACE TRAVEL SIMPLER NASA - Find Articles
		Called the Interplanetary Superhighway, the system was calculated by Martin Lo, who used his theory to design the flight path for NASA's Genesis mission, which is currently using this "freeway in space" on its mission to collect solar wind particles for return to Earth.
		Lo has turned the theory of the Interplanetary Superhighway into a tool for mission design called "LTool," using models developed at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. The new LTool designed the flight path for the Genesis mission, the first space mission to use the theory of the Interplanetary Superhighway.
		Since the Lagrange points are landmarks for the Interplanetary Superhighway, spacecraft could easily be shunted to and from the station for repair.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_pasa/is_200207/ai_1591799224 (803 words)

	Interplanetary Superhighway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Interplanetary Superhighway is based around a series of orbital paths predicted by chaos theory, leading to and from the unstable orbits around the Lagrange points — points in space where the gravity between various bodies balances out.
		The key to the Interplanetary Superhighway was investigating the exact nature of these winding paths near the points.
		The Interplanetary Superhighway is also relevant to understanding solar system dynamics; Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 followed such a trajectory to collide with Jupiter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplanetary_Superhighway (913 words)

	Interplanetary Superhighway - Definition, explanation
		The Interplanetary Superhighway has come to denote a set of transfer orbits between various planets and moons in the solar system.
		The Interplanetary Superhighway is based around a series of orbital paths predicted by chaos theory, leading to and from the unstable orbits around the Lagrange points — points in space where the gravity between various bodies balances out.
		The Interplanetary Superhighway is also relevant to understanding solar system dynamics; Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 followed such a trajectory to collide with Jupiter.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/i/in/interplanetary_superhighway.php (700 words)

	2002 News Releases articleseek.org
		Called the Interplanetary Superhighway, the system was conceived by Martin Lo, whose software was used to help design the flight path for NASA's Genesis mission, which is currently using this "freeway in space" on its mission to collect solar wind particles for return to Earth.
		Since Lagrange points are landmarks for the Interplanetary Superhighway, we might be able to shunt spacecraft to and from such platforms." A team at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, working with the NASA Exploration Team, proposes to someday use the Interplanetary Superhighway for future human space missions.
		The work on the Interplanetary Superhighway for space mission design was nominated for a Discover Innovation Award by Discover magazine editors and an outside panel of experts.
	www.articleseek.org /article22824.html (686 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Called the Interplanetary Superhighway, the system was calculated by Martin Lo, who used his theory to design the flight path for NASA's Genesis mission, which is currently using this "freeway in space" on its mission to collect solar wind particles for return to Earth.
		Lo has turned the theory of the Interplanetary Superhighway into a tool for mission design called "LTool," using models developed at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. The new LTool designed the flight path for the Genesis mission, the first space mission to use the theory of the Interplanetary Superhighway.
		Since the Lagrange points are landmarks for the Interplanetary Superhighway, spacecraft could easily be shunted to and from the station for repair.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /news/space/2002/07-17.txt (732 words)

	Hohmann transfer orbit
		(See also interplanetary travel.) A Hohmann transfer orbit will take a spacecraft from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to geosynchronous orbit (GEO) in just over three hours, from LEO to the Moon in about 5 days and from the Earth to Mars in about 260 days.
		However, Hohmann transfers are very slow for trips to more distant points, so when visiting the outer planets it is common to use a gravitational slingshot to modify a faster path into a Hohmann orbit in-flight.
		In 1997, a set of orbits known as the Interplanetary Superhighway was published, providing even lower-energy (though much slower) paths between different orbits than Hohmann transfer orbits.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/h/ho/hohmann_transfer_orbit.html (511 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Navigating Celestial Currents Through the Solar System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The spacecraft had hopped aboard the interplanetary superhighway, a network of tubes crisscrossing through the solar system.
		These tubes make up the freeways of the interplanetary superhighway, so named by Marsden's collaborator Martin Lo of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. However, the tubes of the five Lagrange points are just a small piece of the picture.
		But perhaps more important, the interplanetary superhighways fuel efficiency enables researchers to construct space trajectories that would otherwise be infeasible.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=145639 (2485 words)

	Genesis : Search for Origins \| JPL \| NASA
		Not only does the InterPlanetary Superhighway provide low energy orbits for space missions, it is also traveled by comets and asteroids throughout the Solar System.
		Thus the InterPlanetary Superhighway is crucial to the development of life on Earth.
		Lo believes that the InterPlanetary Superhighway may play a key role in our understanding of low-thrust trajectory design for spacecraft using advanced electric or nuclear propulsion.
	www.genesismission.org /people/lo/loresume.html (415 words)

	Lagrange and the Interplanetary Superhighway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Most of these interplanetary journeys are still in the realms of theory, and the scientists admit that most of these meandering routes would take much more time than a trip using more conventional methods.
		This newly found Interplanetary Superhighway is a perfect example of the overlap between classic analysis and modern numerical techniques.
		The article "The Interplanetary Superhighway and the Origins Program" by Martin Lo describes the IPS and some of the maths behind it.
	plus.maths.org /issue36/features/dartnell (3932 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It is a specific and distinct branch of celestial mechanics, which focuses more broadly on Newtonian gravitation and includes the orbital motions of artificial and natural astronomical bodies such as planets, moons, and comets.
		For example, it is possible to plot an orbit from high earth orbit to Mars, passing close to one of the Earth's Trojan points.
		Collectively referred to as the Interplanetary Superhighway, these highly perturbative, even chaotic, orbital trajectories in principle need no fuel (in practice keeping to the trajectory requires some course corrections).
	70.84.119.226 /~puresear/PSWiki/index.php?title=Orbital_mechanics (2378 words)

	Navigating Celestial Currents: Science News Online, April 16, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The spacecraft had hopped aboard the interplanetary superhighway, a network of tubes crisscrossing through the solar system.
		These tubes make up the freeways of the interplanetary superhighway, so named by Marsden's collaborator Martin Lo of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. However, the tubes of the five Lagrange points are just a small piece of the picture.
		But perhaps more important, the interplanetary superhighway's fuel efficiency enables researchers to construct space trajectories that would otherwise be infeasible.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20050416/bob9.asp (2673 words)

	CNN.com - New planet freeway could transform space travel - July 22, 2002
		This is what we call the interplanetary superhighway, and we can use it in many different ways," he said.
		Along with colleagues, Lo developed a software program to quickly plot mission courses, drawing from the work of previous space flight engineers, including Robert Farquhar, a NASA veteran who used similar concepts to map the course for a comet-exploration mission decades ago.
		Lo foresees a future in which permanent space outposts could line the superhighway, serving as supply depots for human explorers traveling along the same routes.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/07/19/planet.freeway (605 words)

	Odyssey June 2004: Cruisin' the Interplanetary Superhighway
		While talking about Jupiter, Lo described how a version of the Interplanetary Superhighway may be used to navigate around the Jovian system in the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission in the next decade.
		With the advances in personal computing power, Superhighway trajectory analyses which once required a supercomputer can now be performed on a laptop, according to Lo.
		He envisions a time in the future when schoolchildren may be able to plot their way around the solar system for a hypothetical space mission.
	www.oasis-nss.org /articles/2004/06/cruisin-bartlett.html (720 words)

	sciforums.com - My Dream
		Lo's and Howell's work on the Interplanetary Superhighway for space mission design was nominated for an annual Discover Innovation Award by Discover magazine editors and an outside panel of experts.
		Now, the spaceway dream had more information in it like a jet stream type flowing path of something that is in a wave type configuration but not on a regular frequency.
		07-24-02 07:53 AM The Solar System superhighway is not a stationary path, its the complex effect of interacting gravity fields.
	www.sciforums.com /printthread.php?t=9217 (1313 words)

	Print Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Genesis spacecraft's superhighway path took it to the Earth-sun gravitational-equilibrium point L1, where it made five "halo" orbits before swinging around L2 and heading home.
		In the mid-1990s, a team led by Lo and Kathleen Howell of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., built on these ideas to design a superhighway trajectory for Genesis, whose mission was to collect particles of the wind constantly emanating from the sun.
		The main attraction of such a station, Ross says, is that each month the tubes from the Earth-moon L1 intersect tubes to the Earth-sun L1 and L2.
	sciencenews.org /scripts/printthis.asp?clip=/articles/20050416/clip_bob9.asp (2636 words)

	The Highway Between Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Nasa says an interplanetary superhighway discovered by one of its engineers will make space travel simpler.
		He came up with the superhighway by mapping out all the possible flight paths among the Lagrange points to see how fast or slow the spacecraft would travel.
		Experts say the superhighway flight path will drastically cut the amount of fuel needed for future missions.
	www.crystalinks.com /planetshighway.html (208 words)

	No
		NASA needed an interplanetary superhighway so Martin Lo conceived the computer software that was used to design the Interplanetary Superhighway that was the flight path for NASA’s Genesis Mission.
		There were later versions of the Superhighway used in 1978 and 1985 space missions.
		The Interplanetary Superhighway and the Lagrange Points for each celestial body are NASA’s “highway in space” for future easier and cheaper manned and unmanned space missions.
	www.nku.edu /~yannarella/news0209.html (1476 words)

	Science Articles \|\| Science Blog Community
		The Genesis spacecraft spent two years collecting space particles near the L1 point between the Earth and Sun, then took the interplanetary superhighway to return to Earth with a minimal expenditure of fuel.
		Note that the interplanetary superhighway is not appropriate for human spaceflight, as the routes tend to be very circuitous and extend the time in space by a significant amount.
		Science News also has an excellent article on the interplanetary superhighway, but a subscription is required to access the content.
	www.sciscoop.com /story/2005/7/24/181614/863 (604 words)

	Math Games: Manifolds in the Genesis mission
		ISEE3 took a journey on what is now called the Interplanetary Superhighway.
		The manifold tubes of Poincaré are constantly shifting around and intersecting as the planets move.
		In fact, quite a few objects in the solar system travel on the interplanetary superhighway already -- Comet Oterma has orbited both inside and outside of Jupiter's orbit, with transfers via L1/L2 in 1937 and 1963.
	www.maa.org /editorial/mathgames/mathgames_09_07_04.html (1445 words)

	Interplanetary Superhighway/LTool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Developed by Matrin Lo at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, the interplanetary superhighway is a system that maps many possible flight paths between the solar system's many lagrange points.
		Therefore, the interplanetary superhighway promises to provide a much more efficient means of moving around the solar system.
		It was recently used to design the flight path for the Genesis mission which will orbit the two Lagrange points near Earth (L1 and L2).
	www.ecsel.psu.edu /~rpw133/Project2/LTOOL.htm (124 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Spacecraft to travel ‘interplanetary superhighway’
		If NASA approves the second phase of the project, the craft will be launched in 2008 to test an inexpensive, low-energy route to space called the "interplanetary superhighway".
		This interplanetary superhighway is what most spacecraft use when they fly by planets to gain speed or change direction in "gravity assists", explains Martin Lo, a mathematician at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, US.
		He designed SmallTug's trajectory and used the same approach to map out NASA's Genesis mission, which circled the Earth-Sun L1 point to collect solar wind samples before returning in 2004.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7685&feedId=space_rss20 (579 words)

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