
	Where results make sense

Topic: Interplanetary navigation

Related Topics

interplanetary travel

British Interplanetary Society

Interplanetary Superhighway

Interplanetary Expeditions

interplanetary missions

Interplanetary medium

interplanetary navigation

Journal of The British Interplanetary Society

Interplanetary physics

In the News (Tue 15 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Interplanetary medium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The interplanetary medium is the material which fills the solar system and through which all the larger solar system bodies such as planets, asteroids and comets move.
		The temperature of the interplanetary medium is approximately 100,000 K, and its density is very low at about 5 particles per cubic centimeter in the vicinity of the Earth; it decreases with increasing distance from the sun, in proportion with the inverse square of the distance.
		The term "interplanetary" appears to have been first used in print in 1691 by the scientist Robert Boyle: "The air is different from the æther (or vacuum) in the...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplanetary_medium (798 words)

	Interplanetary Network Directorate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Interplanetary Network Directorate (IND) is the branch of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) charged with the development and operation of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN).
		The IND is considered to be JPL's focal point for all matters relating to telecommunications, interplanetary navigation, information systems, information technology, computing, software engineering, and other relevant technologies.
		While the IND is best known for its duties relating to the Deep Space Network, the organization also maintains the JPL Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System (AMMOS) and JPL's Institutional Computing and Information Services (ICIS).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplanetary_Network_Directorate (128 words)

	SMC-IT Conference 2003 - Tutorial
		Optical navigators must work closely with instrument designers, spacecraft engineers of all stripes, radio navigation engineers, and professional astronomers in order to achieve the goal of providing accurate and reliable information to each project.
		Bhaskaran is one of the principal architects of the autonomous navigation system used on Deep Space 1, and is currently a navigator and member of the Imaging Science Team for the STARDUST mission.
		Bhaskaran received a B.S. and M.S. from the University of Texas at Austin, and a Ph.D from the University of Colorado in 1991.
	smc-it.jpl.nasa.gov /2003/Tutorials/tutorial3.cfm (580 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Instruments
		One of the important components of onboard autonomous operations is navigation, the determination of a spacecraft's trajectory and the computation of the corrections required to reach a target.
		OBAN is part of a study on 'Autonomous Onboard Navigation for Interplanetary Missions', of ESA's Technology and Research Programme.
		It is being managed by Finn Ankersen, Guidance, Navigation and Control analyst at ESTEC, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, in cooperation with the European Space Operations Centre (J. Fertig), ESOC in Darmstadt, Germany.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31415&fbodylongid=858 (671 words)

	Mars Odyssey: The Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The interplanetary cruise phase is the period of travel from the Earth to Mars and lasts about 200 days.
		During interplanetary cruise, Odyssey is scheduled to fire its thrusters a total of five times to adjust its flight path.
		Navigation tracking during cruise involves the collection of two-way Doppler and ranging data.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /odyssey/mission/cruise.html (892 words)

	Scientific American: How do space probes navigate large distances with such accuracy and how do the mission controllers ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The accurate navigation of space probes depends on four factors: First is the measurement system for determining the position and speed of a probe.
		For interplanetary missions, an inertial coordinate system with an origin at the center of mass of the solar system is used.
		Navigators compare these positions to the predicted location of the target body--based on the ephemeris--to determine when a probe will reach its target.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000A3023-EE78-1422-AE7883414B7F0000 (733 words)

	Navigation-Science Tracer Bullet Library of Congress
		Micronesian islanders still use simple stick charts to navigate their islands and surrounding waters, while scientists are using the world’s most sophisticated computers to navigate spacecraft to Mars and beyond.
		Navigation is also location-finding behavior used by many other animals, and some works on this related topic are cited.
		Nearshore navigation and communication based on deliberate EM signals and theoretical, numerical and observational studies of coastal ocean electrodynamics.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/navigationtb.html (2829 words)

	93-163Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This paper describes an investigation of the navigation accuracy that can be achieved with two-way coherent X-band (7.2 to 8.4 GHz) Doppler phase and frequency data; both theoretical and practical aspects of the two Doppler formulations are addressed.
		Error covariance computations for application of the proposed filter to a navigation scenario derived from the Mars Observer mission are provided, in order to assess the performance that might be obtained in practice.
		The results indicate that with a phase formulation of the Doppler data and the new filter, navigation accuracies of 15 km at Mars (0.05 urad in an angular sense) are possible with the DSN's present X-band Doppler tracking system.
	www.space-flight.org /AAS_meetings/1993_winter/abstracts/93-163.html (227 words)

	GPS-INS
		By integrating these two navigation system technologies, we are able to capitalize on the strengths of both while minimizing their weaknesses.
		Relative navigation between an orbiting spacecraft and the ISS during rendezvous and proximity operations.
		Navigating on the surface of Mars will be accomplished using a sparse constellation of satellites which will provide GPS-like navigation data periodically.
	gps.csr.utexas.edu /GPS-INS (606 words)

	MPF Navigation
		The main responsibility of the Navigation Team is to maintain the spacecraft on the planned trajectory for the duration of the mission.
		Previous navigation teams were sub-divided into specialists in orbit determination, trajectory analysis and maneuver design, requiring a NAV team of 6 people or more.
		From our June 26, 1997 navigation solution, there is less than 1% difference between the actual deltaV and the design value for the axial burn and less than 4% difference between the actual lateral deltaV and the design value.
	mars.sgi.com /mpf/mpfnavpr.html (5037 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Interplanetary Internet Will Work"
		The DSN is the international network of antennas used by NASA to track data and control navigation of interplanetary spacecraft.
		In an interplanetary Internet, the DSN will be the Earth's gateway or portal to that Internet.
		In a paper published by the MITRE Corp., a company that is financing the Interplanetary Internet Study, researchers suggest that the DSN's antennas could be pointed at Mars to connect Earth and Mars for at least 12 hours each day.
	www.howstuffworks.com /interplanetary-internet1.htm (722 words)

	Encounter Phase--1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		All the interplanetary navigation and course corrections accomplished during cruise result in placement of the spacecraft at precisely the correct point, and at the correct time to carry out its encounter observations and obtain any planned gravity assist.
		This phase marks the end of interplanetary cruise phase, during which time ground system upgrades and tests are conducted, and spacecraft flight software modifications are implemented and tested.
		The same type of highly precise interplanetary navigation and course correction for flyby missions are also applied during cruise for an orbiter spacecraft.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/jplbasic/bsf16-1.htm (1365 words)

	June 2000 - Tycho Brahe Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Born in 1908 in San Francisco she was a graduate of UC Berkeley with degrees in mathematics and astronomy.
		Examples envisioned are GPS-like constellations or interplanetary beacons around a planet, stellar accelerometers and new generation Doppler systems capable of high precision velocity measurements and navigation.
		Research and or publications addressing the advancement of inertial-astro, terrestrial or celestial navigation, automation of celestial navigation for terrestrial use, celestial mechanics for interplanetary navigation, use of VLBI for reference frame alignment and other interferometric techniques such as differential to precisely measure long baselines between observatories and enhanced kinematic surveying.
	www.ion.org /council/minutes_jun_00/tycho.cfm (619 words)

	ch14
		To measure the very small levels of interplanetary fields, the spacecraft's own field had to be as small as possible, and furthermore, it had to remain the same throughout the mission.
		Essentially all previous interplanetary exploration had been directed toward Venus and Mars, Earth's nearest neighbors; now it was time to try to send probes through the unknown barrier of the asteroid belt to scout the distant gas giant, Jupiter.
		One of the mind-stretchers of interplanetary exploration is to try to visualize long trains of commands racing at almost unimaginable speed in one direction, and long trains of data and imagery racing back to Earth, both trains, for all their velocity, requiring long periods of time to make the trip.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-480/ch14.htm (5602 words)

	Basics of Space Flight Section III. Space Flight Operations
		All the interplanetary navigation and course corrections accomplished during cruise result in placement of the spacecraft at precisely the correct point, and at the correct time to carry out its encounter observations.
		OB is marked by the spacecraft being for the first time completely involved in making observations of its target (rather than cruise activities), and ground resources are completely operational in support of the encounter.
		OPNAVs, discussed in Chapter 13, may be an important navigational input to the process of determining values for late parameter updates.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /basics/bsf16-1.html (1524 words)

	ESA - NEO Space Mission Preparation - SIMONE
		In-situ science measurements taken by instruments on-board each spacecraft enable the wide diversity in the physical and compositional properties of the NEO population to be characterised in a highly cost-effective manner.
		Radio navigation (using two-way Doppler tracking data at X-band) achieves a high precision range rate and is also used by the Radio Science Investigation during the Measurement phase at the target NEO.
		Optical navigation (taking advantage of the Multispectral Imager payload instrument) is used for the NEO acquisition, approach and terminal guidance phase.
	www.esa.int /gsp/completed/neo/simone.html (3136 words)

	ESA - GSP - Infrastructure94/D32 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The purpose of this activity is the extension of the interplanetary navigation software tool (INTNAV) to missions in small size quasi-periodic orbits (SSQPO) near the triangular libration points of the Earth-Moon system.
		The new capabilities include the design and generation of the Launch and Early Orbit Phase, of the Transfer Phase using multiple lunar swing-bys and of the operational SSQPO orbit.
		Tracking of the spacecraft in the different mission phases is assumed by range, range-rate, VLBI from ground-based facilities and on-board optical navigation.
	www.esrin.esa.it /SPECIALS/GSP/SEM12HZO4HD_0.html (120 words)

	DEIMOS Space: Mission and Data Systems Expertise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Escape trajectories and deep space navigation are considered for interplanetary missions.
		Navigation phases and manoeuvre execution are optimised taking into account mission lifetime and propellant constraints.
		Mission recovery planning requires the analysis of possible failure scenarios during launch, orbit acquisition and eventually Earth escape and interplanetary navigation.
	www.deimos-space.com /Eng/exp_man.html (669 words)

	Gosling Didn’t Get The Memo
		James uses the example of “interplanetary navigation”, which is a really good example except that it isn’t; most of us aren’t working at NASA and those of us who are working at NASA are doing things like trying to get the payroll and accounting systems working together or building simple productivity applications.
		Even the hypothetical future interplanetary staff, which he dragged in as his crown argument, will be writing scripts instead on relying on statically typed Java applications to guide them while they hurl through the space.
		Interplanetary navigation is still a dream of a far off future.
	lesscode.org /2006/03/12/someone-tell-gosling (12933 words)

	NASA - Optical Navigation Camera
		By comparing the observed position of the moons to their predicted positions, relative to the background stars, the mission team will accurately determine the position of the orbiter in relation to Mars.
		While not needed by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to navigate to Mars, the data from this experiment will be used to demonstrate that this technique can be used by future spacecraft to ensure their accurate arrival.
		Accuracy is important to some future landers and rovers that will need extremely precise navigation at Mars arrival to get to their landing sites safely.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/MRO/spacecraft/sc-instru-optical.html (181 words)

	ARTSN: An Automated Real-Time Spacecraft Navigation System
		The results of Case 2 were reported, and a demonstration was performed using an unedited recording of a DSN broadcast of the final two weeks of the Mars Pathfinder cruise.
		The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) navigation team demonstrated real-time navigation using ARTSN during the Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI) on September 11, 1997, and during the aerobraking phase of the mission to date.
		The MGS navigation team continued to use the ARTSN displays to monitor aerobraking-related events, such as periapsis-lowering maneuvers, and tracking before and after each periapsis pass.
	deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov /technology/TMOT_News/aprl98/artsn.html (1349 words)

	Cassini-Mission to Saturn-Operations-Navigation-USO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To make use of the Doppler effect for navigation and Radio Science, it is necessary to know the frequency of the radio signal transmitted from the spacecraft.
		Then the received frequency can be analyzed to calculate the speed of the spacecraft.
		By maintaining records and formulating a model of how the USO's output frequency changes over time, the USO can provide for moderately accurate Doppler data for navigation and Radio Science.
	saturn.jpl.nasa.gov /mission/nav-uso.cfm (123 words)

	Rockets, Rhymes & Recipes
		It's a lie, it really is, I know as much about cooking as my daughters know about interplanetary navigation, and yet...
		As a member of the Cassini Navigation team at JPL with almost eight years of my life invested in this mission, I watched with more than a little interest as this beautiful rocket climbed into the air on pillars of flame and prayers.
		We (the JPL interplanetary navigators) nailed the delivery of that sucker as well as could be done, given the constraints we were working under.
	home.earthlink.net /~tonytaylor (2731 words)

	Research of John L. Crassidis
		The vision-based navigation (VISNAV) system comprises of an optical sensor of a new kind combined with specific light sources (beacons) in order to achieve a selective or "intelligent" vision.
		The main objective of the proposed research is to provide a novel, reliable, and autonomous relative navigation and attitude determination system, employing relatively simple electronic circuits with modest digital signal processing (DSP) requirements, and being fully independent of any external systems.
		Yim, J.R., Crassidis, J.L., and Junkins, J.L., “Autonomous Orbit Navigation of Interplanetary Spacecraft,” AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Denver, CO, Aug. 2000, AIAA Paper #00-3936.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~johnc/formation.htm (589 words)

	An international, interplanetary Internet - Space.com - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In a sign of cosmic communications to come, last week mission controllers sent signals to a Mars-orbiting European spacecraft, which relayed the instructions to NASA's Spirit rover on the surface, and a signal was returned to Earth back along the same path.
		NASA has used its own orbiters to communicate with surface probes at Mars before, but the Feb. 6 "pioneering demonstration," as officials called it, was the first to involve multiple nations.
		Other plans are underway for eventually creating a true Interplanetary Internet that is more like the one you're using to read this story.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4253102 (775 words)

	Basics of Space Flight
		It also enjoys popularity with college and high school students, as well as faculty, and people everywhere who are interested in interplanetary space flight.
		Many other resources are available for delving into each of the topics related here; indeed, any one of them can involve a lifelong career of specialization.
		This module's purpose is met if the participant learns the scope of concepts that apply to interplanetary space exploration, and how the relationships among them work.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /basics (192 words)

	MCO Investigation Head Named
		I have asked him to look at the implications of the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter as it relates to all NASA missions," Goldin said.
		"The team hopes to verify whether the cause of this failure was a result of an inadequacy in our interplanetary navigation systems.
		As reported last week, the peer review preliminary findings indicate that one team used English units while the other used metric units for a key spacecraft operation.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-mco-99e.html (421 words)

	CNN.com - NASA clock could set time for universe - Sep. 26, 2002
		Had a new atomic clock developed by NASA started ticking when the universe was young, it would have remained accurate enough today to get you to a lunch engagement on time.
		The time-keeping machine, engineered at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is intended to provide more precise measurements for everything from interplanetary space navigation to the Global Positioning System satellite network.
		The clock can keep time accurately to within one minute over 10 billion years, almost as long as the estimated age of the cosmos.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/09/26/atomic.clock/index.html (338 words)

	KinetX: Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics (SNAFD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The KinetX Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics (SNAFD) practice is a group of exceptionally qualified engineers specializing in the navigation of deep space, particularly for interplanetary spacecraft.
		Currently, SNAFD is executing the navigation of two missions for NASA's Exploration Systems division.
		KinetX is the only organization besides Caltech's JPL to navigate an interplanetary mission.
	www.kinetx.com /mirage.htm (447 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)