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Topic: Interplate earthquakes

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	Earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Earthquakes occurring at boundaries of tectonic plates are called interplate earthquakes, while the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Earthquakes may also occur in volcanic regions and are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes.
		Such a pattern was observed in the sequence of about a dozen earthquakes that struck the Anatolian Fault in Turkey in the 20th Century, the half dozen large earthquakes in New Madrid in 1811-1812, and has been inferred for older anomalous clusters of large earthquakes in the Middle East and in the Mojave Desert.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earthquake (3059 words)

	Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Most earthquakes are tectonic, but they also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust.
		Earthquakes that occur below sea level and have large vertical displacements can give rise to tsunamis, either as a direct result of the deformation of the sea bed due to the earthquake or as a result of submarine landslips or "slides" directly or indirectly triggered by it.
		Deep focus earthquakes, at depths of 100's km, are possibly generated as subducted lithospheric material catastrophically undergoes a phase transition since at the pressures and temperatures present at such depth elastic strain cannot be supported.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ea/earthquake.html (2156 words)

	Earthquake - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Earthquakes occur where the stress resulting from the differential motion of these plates exceeds the strength of the crust.
		Earthquakes also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust.
		Earthquakes, especially those that occur beneath oceans or seas (also called seaquake) and have large vertical displacements, can give rise to tsunamis, either as a direct result of the deformation of the sea bed due to the earthquake, or as a result of submarine landslips or "slides" indirectly triggered by it.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/e/a/r/Earthquake.html (1987 words)

	Earthquakes 2
		Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy within some limited region of the rocks of the Earth.
		The actual faulting in an earthquake may be complex, and it is often not clear whether in a particular earthquake the total energy issues from a single fault plane.
		Because the size of earthquakes varies enormously it is necessary for purposes of relative comparison to compress the range of wave amplitudes measured on seismograms by means of a mathematical device.
	www.crystalinks.com /earthquakes2.html (4486 words)

	ipedia.com: Earthquake Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An earthquake is a trembling or shaking movement of the Earth 's surface.
		The source of an earthquake is distributed over a significant area -- in the case of the very largest earthquakes, in excess of a thousand kilometres -- but it is usually possible to identify a point from which the earthquake waves appear to emanate.
		A rare few earthquakes have been associated with the build-up of large masses of water behind dams, such as the Kariba Dam in Zambia, Africa, and with the injection or extraction of fluids from the Earth's crust (Rocky Mountain Arsenal).
	www.ipedia.com /earthquake.html (796 words)

	[No title]
		The largest earthquake of the Hawaiian Islands occured near the south coast of Hawaii on April 2, 1868.
		The intenisty of the earthquake was an 8 and was felt on the islnads of Maui,Oahu and Kauai (Irby et al.
		Interplate earthquakes have typically a slip rate of 1 cm per year, or greater.
	www.seismo.unr.edu /htdocs/students/BRIGHAM/htdocs/class-work/seis-ppr-99.html (1369 words)

	Interplate earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An interplate earthquake is an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates.
		At a subduction boundary the motion is due to one plate slipping beneath the other plate resulting in an interplate thrust or megathrust earthquake.
		Some areas of the world that are particularly prone to such events include the west coast of North America (especially California and Alaska), the northeastern Mediterranean region (Greece, Italy, and Turkey in particular), Iran, New Zealand, Indonesia, Japan, and parts of China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interplate_earthquake (210 words)

	Washington DGER: Earthquakes
		Earthquakes are caused by the abrupt release of this slowly accumulated strain.
		The principal ways in which earthquakes cause damage are by strong ground shaking, by the secondary effects of ground failures (surface rupture, ground cracking, landslides, liquefaction, subsidence), or by tsunamis and seiches.
		Many precursors to earthquakes have been studied in the hope that they will allow us to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, all of which must be accurately predicted simultaneously to be useful in preparing for and responding to earthquakes.
	www.dnr.wa.gov /geology/hazards/equakes.htm (1590 words)

	WLC - Earthquakes, Seismology
		Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth.
		Events located at plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes; the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		The mission of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) is to rapidly determine location and size of all destructive earthquakes worldwide and to immediately disseminate this information to concerned national and international agencies, scientists, and the general public.
	web.sakra.ch /earthquakes.html (1196 words)

	title
		Large earthquakes such as these are generated by fault movement in which the edge of the plate on land is dragged along as the Pacific Plate subducts, and the plate on land finally pushes up when the stress has reached its limit (Fig.2-19).
		This earthquake is estimated at roughly M 7 from the strength of the short-period ground motion.
		Large earthquakes occur from the Sagami Trough and Suruga Trough to the Nankai Trough and the vicinity of the Nansei Islands Trench, where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting.
	www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp /eqchreng/2-4-1.htm (955 words)

	Repeating earthquakes and interplate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone
		Repeating earthquakes and interplate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone
		Moreover, even on the plate boundary, they were not located in the large moment release areas of large interplate earthquakes that occurred recently or in the areas where the plates are inferred to be strongly coupled from GPS data analyses.
		Citation: Igarashi, T. Matsuzawa, and A. Hasegawa (2003), Repeating earthquakes and interplate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone, J.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JB001920.shtml (352 words)

	title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Two types of earthquakes occur near plate boundaries in the offshore area of the Pacific Ocean and other locations: first, the interplate earthquakes caused by slipping at the boundary of the subducting Pacific Plate and the plate on land; and second, those earthquakes that occur within the subducting Pacific Plate.
		A series of large earthquakes of this type are thought to occur repeatedly in the sea along the Chishima Trench in the Pacific Ocean at intervals ranging from several decades to 100 years.
		The 1993 Earthquake off the Coast of Kushiro (Kushiro-Oki Earthquake) (M7.8) occurred in a somewhat deeper area of roughly 100 km, and was caused by fault movement on a roughly horizontal fault.
	www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp /eqchreng/3-1-1.htm (718 words)

	t32e in fm98
		The frequency of large intraplate earthquakes is much higher in the period from several decades before to a decade after the interplate earthquakes than in other periods.
		In this case, a large earthquake can only occur several decades before the next interplate earthquake, since the average interval of great interplate earthquakes along the Nankai trough is about 100 years.
		The 1605 earthquake seems to be a tsunami earthquake, which generated large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm98&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm98/fm98&maxhits=200&="T32E" (3293 words)

	BSSA, Volume 92:6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The seismic waves from subduction zone earthquakes are significantly affected by the presence of 3D variation in crust and upper-mantle structure around the source area.
		This is illustrated by studying shallow, interplate earthquakes along the Mexican subduction zone, and deeper, inslab, normal-faulting earthquakes in the subducted Cocos plate beneath Mexican mainland.
		The strong-motion recordings of these earthquakes are used to evaluate the character of wave propagation along the path between the source region and Mexico City.
	www.seismosoc.org /publications/BSSA_html/bssa_92-6/01278.html (315 words)

	Earthquakes
		Earthquakes usually are caused by movement of faults.
		Earthquakes that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates don't occur as often and are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Large earthquakes are followed by many aftershocks, which may persist for days or weeks, but the first shock is usually the most damaging.
	www.hobart.k12.in.us /ksms/Disasters/earthquakes.htm (342 words)

	Earthquakes in Osaka - Office of Emergency Management
		Distortion energy accumulates along the plate boundaries and when the accumulation of this energy reaches its limit, the plate boundaries suddenly rebound back to their original states, and an interplate earthquake occurs.
		The drawing below shows an example of the largest conceivable earthquake on the assumption that there is an epicenter at the southern end of the Uemachi Fault and the motion of the fault spreads in a north-south direction.
		When a sand layer that maintains a uniformly saturated balance beneath the groundwater level is shaken by a strong earthquake, the sand layer tries to push water out of the interstices between the sand grains.
	www.city.osaka.jp /kikikanrishitsu/english/01/index.html (389 words)

	What causes stress?
		So far we understand that there are different types of earthquakes, caused by forces under the Earth's crust that change the shape of the material they are acting on, and produce a variety of waves which we feel.
		Earthquakes also occur in these areas where new plates are being created and old plates are being subducted into the Earth's interior.
		Earthquakes which are due to the interaction of plates are called interplate earthquakes.
	scign.jpl.nasa.gov /learn_unix/eq4.htm (187 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Earthquakes are powerful manifestations of sudden releases of strain energy accumulated within the crust and propagated as seismic waves
		Earthquakes occurring within a continental or oceanic plate - intraplate earthquakes.
		The recurrence interval of interplate earthquakes is of the order of tens or hundreds of years, SCR earthquakes may recur only over tens or hundreds of thousands of years.
	www.cessind.org /earthquakedistributionandtypes.htm (561 words)

	EarthRef.org Reference Database (ERR) -- Kao & Chen 1991
		The second layer of seismicity is delineated by a few earthquakes that occurred at depths between 50 and 65 km, some 10--20 km directly beneath the seismogenic portion of the interplate thrust zone.
		A large number of earthquakes showing low-angle thrust faulting commence at this depth and are accompanied by two events that show antithetic thrust faulting at a slightly shallower depth of 20--25 km.
		The deepest interplate earthquakes (~40--50 km) correspond to temperatures of approximately 730--980 °C, comparable to the limiting temperature of intraplate mantle earthquakes (~800 °C) and that of intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes at Wadati-Benioff zones (potential temperature ~900 °K).
	earthref.org /cgi-bin/err.cgi?n=38752 (688 words)

	[No title]
		Without warning they wake up in the middle of the night because of the sometimes violent, sometimes slow rolling motion of the earth; or other times when they are driving on the freeway, walking in the mall, or even just watching television when an earthquake occurs.
		Earthquakes are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress.
		When the break occurs, the stress is released as energy, which moves through the Earth in the form of waves, which we feel and call an earthquake.
	oz.plymouth.edu /~p_picket/EarthQuakes3.doc (572 words)

	More Info on earthquakes - - earthquake - - earthqukes
		Researchers are applying the same basic technique seismologists use to measure earthquakes for a new medical technology that promises to prevent stress fractures by detecting the formation of tiny cracks in bones.
		Scientists said Sunday's magnitude 6.0 earthquake that rattled windows from southwest Florida to Louisiana is rare -- the largest earthquake in the eastern Gulf of Mexico in 30 years.
		In the event of a disaster, local law enforcement and fire personnel could easily be overwhelmed by the level of devastation.
	www.usgovernetics.com /Dol-to-Edd/earthquakes.php (2368 words)

	Open-File Report 01-0005: The Radiated Seismic Energy and Apparent Stress of Interplate and Intraslab Earthquakes at ...
		A preliminary global map of the characteristic apparent stress of thrust-faulting earthquakes for seismic regions is shown in Figure 3.
		The epicenter of the interplate thrust-faulting event of July 1997 is less than one degree from that of the intraslab normal-faulting event of October 1997.
		Two large strike-slip earthquakes off the western coast of the United States, for example, are ranked sixth and ninth by energy, but are ranked 36th and 55th by moment.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2001/ofr-01-0005/ofr-01-0005.html (2799 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		We present new marine geophysical observations and synthesize previous geologic interpretations of the Aleutian arc to show that the epicenters of these great thrust-type earthquakes coincide with upper plate segments of the arc characterized by a coherent forearc structural fabric.
		We propose that variations in upper plate structural strength and mobility affect the mechanical properties of the interplate thrust zone and need to be considered in localizing interplate asperities.
		Forearc tectonic segmentaion associated with the partitioning of strike-slip and thrust motions may exert long-term controls on the rates of seismic moment release.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=79474&query_id=0 (220 words)

	3D Cohesive End-Zone Model for Source Scaling of Strike-Slip Interplate Earthquakes -- Wilkins and Schultz 95 (6): 2232 ...
		3D Cohesive End-Zone Model for Source Scaling of Strike-Slip Interplate Earthquakes -- Wilkins and Schultz 95 (6): 2232 -- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
		A 3D, static fracture mechanics model of earthquake rupture
		of earthquake rupture, stress drop is predicted to be a small fraction
	bssa.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/95/6/2232 (319 words)

	W. H. Freeman Publishers - Earthquakes
		Box 5.1: Sample Calculation of the Location of the Epicenter of an Earthquake (Near Oroville, August, 1975)
		B. Important Earthquakes of the United States and Canada
		G. Sample Calculations of Magnitudes, Moment, and Energy of an Earthquake
	www.whfreeman.com /college/book.asp?disc=&id_product=1149000239&compType=TOC (188 words)

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