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Topic: Interpretive communities

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	CM2006 Article: Korhonen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The conditions for community seem to be as aporetic as the conditions that Derrida (1991) describes for the ‘gift’: at the moment when something is recognized as a gift, it ceases to be a gift; at the moment when something is recognized as a community, it ceases to be a community.
		The community that Blanchot refers to as ‘ideal community of literary communication’ was therefore not a self-conscious organization, but rather a changing network of friends who gathered, every now and then, around a table, everyone with different motives, not necessarily recognizing the full significance of the moment, and not making any lasting commitments (1983: 40).
		Textual communities are perhaps communities of those who have nothing in common (Bataille), inoperative communities (Nancy), unavowable communities (Blanchot), or communities without communities, as Derrida is perhaps suggesting when he asks why Nancy and Blanchot still want to use the word ‘community’ despite their criticism of all kinds of common identities (1994: 338).
	culturemachine.tees.ac.uk /Articles/korhonen.htm (8021 words)

	Interpretive Comm.
		The term discourse community has achieved broad play as a means of designation groups of people who "speak the same language"--whether juvenile slang, a local dialect, or the specialized language of a workplace or a profession or an academic discipline.
		Those who seek membership in another community that seems alien to or at odds with their original one, however, face a daunting task because the assumptions, attitudes, and world view embedded in a discourse are rarely acknowledged.
		This unit focuses on contemporary discourse and interpretive communities, both to reveal their diversity and to continue to explore issues raised in the Language and Values unit about the part language plays in shaping inquiry and distinguishing methods of one interpretive community from those of another.
	www.bsu.edu /classes/hanson2/299x/interpre.htm (263 words)

	Empirical Studies of Literature --
		Fish discusses the manner in which the interpretation of a student raising his hand is contingent on a set of institutional knowledge, and that the student's gesture could be 'read' in innumerable ways by someone unfamiliar with this institutional knowledge.
		Later, when granting Fish's designation of the 'interpretive community' some validity for the sake of discussion, it was noted that Fish's theory cannot account for the initial emergence of resistant or heterodox readings within a community.
		Moreover, we talked about the manner in which a member of one interpretive community might enter into another one, actively learning to interpret texts and phenomena in new ways that might be taken up alongside or in place of older interpretative modes.
	www.ualberta.ca /~dmiall/LiteraryReading/Readings/Fish_1980.htm (774 words)

	Interpretive Communities
		In other words, do interpretive communities that are substantially different in character form around different kinds of risks (e.g., health vs. security vs. environmental risks), or are there groups who consistently perceive and interpret a wide variety of risks in similar ways?
		Interpretive communities of risk were first identified in a national survey on American risk perception, policy preferences and behaviors regarding global climate change.
		A second exploratory study is currently underway to identify interpretive communities across diverse issues, including nuclear power, global warming, pesticides, genetically modified food, the Iraq War, terrorism, legal abortion, homosexuality, marijuana, and gun control.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~ecotone/page2/page12/page12.html (289 words)

	Selling the Air -- Chapter 4
		The formation of interpretive communities is an ordinary, perhaps fundamental, human process: over time, any group tends to create informal, commonly shared interpretations of the meaning of phrases, words, and activities important to the group, and builds institutional structures in which to maintain those shared meanings.
		The interpretive community of broadcast policy is basically a subset of the larger "inside the beltway" community in Washington.
		A measure of the ideological strength of an interpretive community is the extent to which it can ignore its critics: if one resorts to denouncing those who speak from outside the community the interpretive framework is troubled, but if one can afford to greet them with indifference, the power of the framework is secure.
	www.uvm.edu /~tstreete/ch4.htm (18810 words)

	Interpretive communities - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Interpretive communities are a theoretical concept stemming from reader-response criticism and invented by Stanley Fish.
		Fish claims that we interpret texts because we are part of an interpretive community that gives us a particular way of reading a text.
		Furthermore, he claims, we cannot know whether someone is a part of our interpretive community or not, because any act of communication that we could engage in to tell whether we are part of the same interpretive community would have to be interpreted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interpretive_communities (268 words)

	What is Reader Response Criticism?
		Although interpretation under reader response criticism is given a wider berth than in formalist or structuralist critiques, not every interpretation is equally valid.
		Interpretive communities are groups of critics who have agreed upon certain elements in a text as being more significant than others.
		Interpretation of the law is key, and often defines how a judge is considered by society, as perhaps, conservative, moderate or liberal.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-reader-response-criticism.htm (705 words)

	Revealing Common Ground: Augmenting on the Edges of Interpretive Communities
		Edges of interpretive communities occur both when a newly forming community struggles to establish some common ground (such as when four drivers pull up to an intersection), and when a newcomer attempts to acquire enough of the mutual knowledge of an established community to begin to make appropriate sense of its discourse.
		-cue: that it operates on the edge of an interpretive community, that it uncovers a meaningful pattern of common knowledge, and that it establishes this pattern as mutual knowledge.
		Communities have two kinds of edges: the temporal edge at which a community is just starting to form, and the "spatial" edge where someone on the outside of an established community is trying to get in.
	llk.media.mit.edu /papers/A05.HTM (4925 words)

	Untitled Document
		Interpretive communities are not in the world in any sense that would lend itself to a taxonomy.
		That is to say, interpretation requires reference to a context in which signs have meaning; and it is each reader, rather than the text, who brings such a context to the act of interpretation.
		His notion of “interpretive communities” is one of the first and finest formulations in what it is surely too early to call the sociology of criticism.
	homepages.nyu.edu /~smg369/docs/stanfish.html (2701 words)

	Emerging Communities of Practice
		We speak of the neighbourhood as a community; cultural communities; communities of practice; interpretive communities; scholarly communities that extend through time; and entities as diverse as the classroom community and the global community.
		These communities are maintained by communication through professional societies, journals, research institutes, the linking of research with academic courses, graduate student development, team research, interdisciplinary research, electronic networks and data bases, and other organisational and technological mechanisms.
		Science does more than just employ these communication tools; it may fairly be said that science as a human activity is the progressive unfolding and enlargement of a community of inquiry manifested through various forms of communication and organisations.
	www.isrl.uiuc.edu /~chip/pubs/00dime (6448 words)

	Reading Oliver Sacks in a Writing - Across-the-Curriculum-Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The solitary scientist speaking of his or her field’s methods of selecting, organizing, and interpreting phenomena is never simply reporting, is never applying a methodology in its pure or precise form.
		Stanley Fish suggests that interpretive communities control the functions of texts, and, thus, that texts are governed by the perspectives and backgrounds of different communities.
		While every defined community constructs its own language for describing the world, it also provides examples of how that language must be adapted to address a particular writer’s sense of the universal audience that stands behind the immediate one.
	jac.gsu.edu /jac/8/Articles/18.htm (2740 words)

	Journal of Religion and Society
		Interpretive communities are made up of those who share interpretive strategies not for reading (in the conventional sense) but for writing texts, for constituting their properties and assigning their intentions.
		Second, alternative interpretations of biblical literature are vilified as non-members are identified with the villains in Revelation while the Witnesses are aligned with God and his emissaries.
		The interpretation of Revelation 11 illustrates this tendency to construct the ideal figure as a white, western male.
	moses.creighton.edu /JRS/2006/2006-12.html (4816 words)

	The Common Review: Milton in the Belly of the Fish by Peggy Samuels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although his examples at the time were different, now we might say that a psychoanalytical critic, using her interpretive community’s strategy of interpretation, would produce a different text than would a feminist critic.
		Fish wrote: "It is interpretive communities rather than either the text or the reader that produce meanings." The Lone Ranger was really one of us: he walked back into the saloon and grabbed himself a chair.
		It is as if the concept of "interpretive communities" and the knowledge that assumptions about relevance will determine meaning releases Fish from the obligation to persuade us that he is giving us a reading that is relevant or significant.
	talk.greatbooks.org /tcr/samuels12 (3207 words)

	Department of Museum Studies - Interpretive Studies
		It enables the development of a critical perspective on interpretation as cultural practice, and develops skills in the selection and use of modes of communication appropriate for the task in hand.
		This module introduces a range of interpretive approaches characteristic of studies of material, visual and oral culture, and explores ways of categorising and analysing what gets interpreted (people and their practices, ideas, things and the material and social worlds within which they live).
		This module is a project-oriented module that presents a framework for considering an interpretive project from conceptualisation onwards, enabling students to review all that they have learned in previous modules and to produce a piece of interpretation (in written or website form) at the end of the module.
	www.le.ac.uk /museumstudies/study/interpretivestudies.html (1180 words)

	Metafuture.org:Framing the shapes and times of the future; Towards a Post-Development Vision of Futures
		'interpretive communities' [are] made up of both producers and consumers of particular kinds of knowledge, of texts, often operating within a particular institutional context, within particular divisions of labor, within particular places.
		The first, the predictive, attempts to forecast and control the future, the second, the interpretive, examines how different cultures, cosmologies, discourses approach and create the future, and the third, the critical, makes problematic the categories used to construct the future, asking what are the particular social costs for any approach or view of the future.
		Having begun with a search for an interpretive community, and then deconstructed time and space showing the differences and similarities between and among cultures and individuals, this essay concluded with a will to an alternative model and vision of the future: a vision of dynamic balance for all of us.
	www.metafuture.org /sarkar/framing_the_future.htm (5043 words)

	mailloux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The crux of Fish's argument in "Interpreting the Variorum" is that people read in different ways (they write different texts) because they belong to different interpretive communities.
		Fish uses the term interpretive strategies to refer to both the interpretive stategies performed by readers and to his critical strategy which describes these acts.
		But, as I will show, critical interpretations differ, not because critics belong to different interpretive communities of readers, but because they belong to different interpretive communities of critics.
	www.uchicago.edu /research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v3/v3n1.mailloux.html (350 words)

	EconSoc Editorial: “We Need a Sociology of Mathematical Economics”
		"Interpretive communities are made up of those who share interpretive strategies not for reading but for writing texts, for constituting their properties.
		In any case a community of researchers, whether they define a subdiscipline, or a "school" in one sense or another, or an "invisible college", or a "network", shares strategies for understanding and constituting belief into knowledge.
		Of course they are communities of people who speak ordinary languages, have social roles, religious and philosophical beliefs, loves, desires, hopes, wishes, beliefs, and fears.
	www.econ.duke.edu /~erw/Preprints/EconSocEditorial.html (1793 words)

	mass media: interpretive communities
		It followed that such community-constituted interpreters would, in their turn, constitute, more or less in agreement, the same text, although the sameness would not be attributable to the self-identity of the text, but to the communal nature of the interpretive act.
		One of the first to attempt to apply the concept was Janet Radway in her ethnographic study of a group of women readers of romantic stories in the mid-western town of 'Smithson' in the US: Reading the Romance (1987).
		Schrøder points to the problems inherent in using focus groups to determine how people receive and interpret media messages because the group dynamics may well exert influences which are not at all present in people's everyday situations and because a number of otherwise completely unrelated individuals are brought together into the focus group.
	www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/media/interpde.html (1002 words)

	Stanley Fish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Two examples to illustrate what Fish defines as the function of interpretive communities are seen here: The first of these Fish involves baseball umpire Bill Klem, who once waited a long time to call a particular pitch.
		The class then proceeded to interpret the list (which was in fact a list of linguists and literary critics) explaining to their teacher how they came to their conclusions.
		Interpreters do not decode poems; they make them." Culture fills our minds with assumptions and beliefs that are not only similar, but "alike in fine detail," and, because of this, individual originality and creativity are convenient fictions of our time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stanley_Fish (1168 words)

	Calvin Seminars in Christian Scholarship - Hermeneutics at the Crossroads - Abstracts
		Fish’s claims have huge ramifications for the field of biblical interpretation and its discussions on God’s written revelation, the importance of authorial intent, and the existence of timeless, universal truths within scripture, and the application of meaning.
		Other interpreters like Brice R. Wachterhauser reject the claim that Gadamer's hermeneutics is “beyond metaphysics” and argue that that there is a complex and many-sided connection in Gadamer's work between hermeneutics and classical metaphysics.
		That insubordination has been enabled by confusion about the concept of authority, and about the concepts of revelation and interpretation, which are so closely related to it as to be, in effect, functions of it (as the form of my title is meant to suggest).
	www.calvin.edu /scs/2003/conferences/fieldstead/abstracts.htm (1905 words)

	[No title]
		This discussion an interpretive community is best described by a scholar, Stanley Fish in his article, How To Recognize a Poem When You See One.
		Looking specifically at interpretative communities I want to make two points, still referring to the nodding of the head and the wave of a hand.
		For a person to instill meanings in an object, whether by their own accord or because of their interpretative community, they are doing so subjectivity; the meaning that they have derived has come from another source.
	students.washington.edu /ngng/school/engl131/fish_essay.doc (1317 words)

	Henry Jenkins
		Interpretive communities are social groups which share similar intellectual resources and patterns of making meaning.
		Interpretive communities become especially visible in net discourse when they collide with each other, producing flame wars.
		Through the years, I have developed a number of case studies of specific fandoms that might be read as interpretive communities, trying to offer detailed accounts of the process of their interpretive activities and how their interpretations of specific programs fit within the larger context of their lives.
	web.mit.edu /cms/People/henry3/consume.html (2657 words)

	Case study
		For interpretive moderates in search of hermeneutic security, an equation that leads to truth in interpretation might look like this: a commonly acknowledged history creates a unified community; a unified community gives birth to a shared language; through a shared language comes a generally recognizable and verifiable meaning of its signs.
		The interpretive communities potentially born of coherent histories are profoundly jeopardized by the time Oedipa finds them; nevertheless, they represent attempts to counteract a world of both complete alienation and radical meaninglessness in interpretation.
		By arguing that interpretive rules are contingent on the interpretations one makes about the game in the first place, Fish arranges everything as equally textual, as equally open to unrestricted interpretation and meanings imposed by the reader.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /lpop/etext/okla/sherman24.htm (7149 words)

	Interpretive Strategies (Jacobus)
		Text-based interpretations assume that the meaning is "in" the text and that the critic's job is to find it.
		Reader-based interpretation assumes that the meaning of the text is created by the reader in the act of reading.
		For example, that you may be saddened or frightened by a poem is irrelevant to an interpretation of its unity or the relationship of its imagery to its theme.
	www.vcu.edu /engweb/eng301/interp.htm (2908 words)

	Fish 1982
		Remarking on Raine's and Hirsch's use of the word forest from Blake's The Tyger to defend opposing interpretations, Fish says that 'what we have here than are two critics with opposing interpretations, each of whom claims the same word as internal and confirming evidence.
		A given interpretation will be unacceptable, Fish says, if 'there is at present no interpretive strategy for producing it....
		'The basic gesture, then, is to disavow interpretation in favor of simply presenting the text; but it is actually a gesture in which one set of interpretive principles is replaced by another that happens to claim for itself the virtue of not being an interpretation at all' (353).
	www.sil.org /~radneyr/humanities/Fish1982.htm (2539 words)

	Gould Group - Interpretive Education Projects
		Quality interpretive signage is a simple and long-lasting way to describe flora, fauna and other features at your site.
		These community service activities introduced families to the diversity of marine life found around Port Phillip and Westernport Bays and were part of the award-winning entry to the Victorian Coastal Awards for Excellence in the Education Category.
		Interpretive education need not be limited only to those who can visit your site in person.
	www.gould.edu.au /html/interpretive_education_projects.asp (469 words)

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