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	English Interregnum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War.
		This was the beginning of a short period of restoration of the Commonwealth of England.
		Towards the end of the Interregnum, Parliamentarian generals, Charles Coote and Richard Boyle (who were also pre-war English settlers) seized the strong points in Ireland in preparation for the Restoration of the monarchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interregnum_(England) (991 words)

	Osgood, The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century. Volume III. Part IV. Chapter V.
		The first decade was occupied with the Civil War in England, with the reduction of Ireland and Scotland, with the abolition of the kingship and of the House of Lords, with the early and crude efforts of the Rump Parliament to conduct the business of the nation alone.
		England and New England were now moving in nearly parallel lines, and a spirit of sympathy existed between the dominant parties in each.
		submitted arguments in England against the latter proposition and in defence of the integrity of his own province, arguments which were forced from him as well by the doings of Bennett and Claiborne in Maryland as by the insistence of the Virginians on the restoration of their former bounds.
	www.dinsdoc.com /osgood-8-3-4-5.htm (12699 words)

	Interregnum plc \| Investor Relations \| Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Interregnum plc ('Interregnum') is pleased to announce the appointment to the Board of Mr Martin Peck, aged 40, as Executive Director, Corporate Finance with effect from 7 July 2003.
		Martin Peck holds a degree in Accountancy & Financial Analysis from the University of Warwick, and is an Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales.
		Interregnum is quoted on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market (symbol: ITR), and is regulated by the Financial Services Authority.
	www.shire.com /interregnum/press/view.jsp?ref=17 (341 words)

	England (United Kingdom)
		The Church of England uses the cross of Saint George with the shield of arms of its diocese in the canton, although in practice many, when they fly the flag at all, fly the plain cross.
		The official proportions for the national flag of England is 3:5, with the cross being 1/5 of the height of the flag wide.
		Since you have red in both the field of the arms of England and the Scottish lion rampant, the claws of the three English lions passant gardant and of the Scottish lion are all blue.
	www.fotw.us /flags/gb-eng.html (3100 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 201, INTERREGNUM: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In an hereditary monarchy the heir to the throne is king by right after the death of his predecessor; every one knows the expression: "The king is dead, long live the king." An interregnum can occur only in states where, at the end of one dynasty, the new prince succeeds only after a certain interval.
		There was also an interregnum of one year between the death of Charlemagne and the accession of Charles the Simple; an interregnum of five months in 1316, from the death of Louis the Quarrelsome to the birth of John I, who reigned four days.
		Thus the interregnums which were so terrible and so disastrous in ancient history, are accidents entirely foreign to the history of modern times.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy592.html (559 words)

	United Kingdom: Flags of the Interregnum, 1649-1660 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The parliamentary navy was ordered by the Council of State on 22 February 1649 as follows: "that the ships at sea in service of the State shall onely beare the red Crosse in a white flag".
		Blazon: Quarterly 1 and 4 Argent a Cross Gules [for England] 2 Azure a Saltire Argent [for Scotland] and 3 Azure a Harp Or Stringed Argent [for Ireland] on an Inescutcheon Sable a Lion Rampant Argent [Cromwell's arms].
		The supporters were a crowned lion of England and a red dragon of Wales.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/gb-inter.html (688 words)

	England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Governor of New York 1674-1681, 1688, of New England 1686-1691, of Virginia 1692-1698, and of Maryland 1693-1694.
		Hereafter the title was always associated with the direct heir to the throne of England and then Great Britain, and merges with the Dukedom of Cornwall, the Earldom of Carrick, the Hereditary Great Stewardship of Scotland, and the Lordship of the Isles as a subsidiary title of the Prince of Wales.
		England emerges throughout the 9th century CE, as the Kingdom of Wessex became the pre-eminent Anglo-Saxon nation and, with the containment of the Scandinavian Kingdom of York by the end of the century, the only surviving English nation.
	www.hostkingdom.net /engl.html (4134 words)

	History in Focus: War - review of The Making of a World Power
		Therefore, it could be argued that a significant discontinuity between the Interregnum and Restoration periods lies in part in the abandonment of the English Republics brief ascendancy as a major land power, and the emergence of Britain as a naval and expeditionary force, a policy still in place into the twentieth century.
		This then is part of the reason that England does not fit into the pattern, fragmented and partial as it might now seem, found in the rest of Europe.
		This is not necessarily to undermine the authors central premise, that it was the financial administration and systems established in the civil wars and Interregnum were vital to the later development of Britain as a military and imperial power.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/War/reviews/revcoster.html (2231 words)

	Commonwealth of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Commonwealth of England was the republican government which ruled first England and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660.
		After the regicide of the monarch Charles I on January 30, 1649, its existence was initially declared (" An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth") by the Rump Parliament on May 19, 1649.
		The term "The Commonwealth" is, however, loosely used to describe the system of government during the whole of 1649 to 1660, the years of the English Interregnum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commonwealth_of_England (1520 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stuarts > Interregnum
		From 1649 to 1660, England was therefore a republic during a period known as the Interregnum ('between reigns').
		Throughout the Interregnum, Cromwell's relationship with Parliament was a troubled one, with tensions over the nature of the constitution and the issue of supremacy, control of the armed forces and debate over religious toleration.
		After Cromwell's death in 1658, and the failure of his son Richard's short-lived Protectorate, the army under General Monk invited Charles I's son, Charles, to become King.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page101.asp (198 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Interregnum: vanilla majors?
		England: Among the vanilla majors, this has a fair chance to re-emerge, as it collapsed shortly before the start of the game.
		Interregnum (formerly known as Aberration II) is being developed by an open team.
		Interregnum is an alternative history mod with a focus on a balanced multiplayer environment.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=234893 (5343 words)

	Complete State Papers Domestic, 1547-1702
		In the latter England’s fortunes ranged from the ignominy of the Dutch raid on the Medway in 1667 to the victories of William III’s war.
		From England's point of view it was largely a naval war and the first half of the State Papers for this period continue to be dominated by naval matters.
		England may have been at peace, but the state of the Navy and the problems of shipping continued to loom large, with French and Spanish piracy prominent and the English continuing to demand that foreign ships strike their flags.
	microformguides.gale.com /data/introductions/20150fm.htm (14207 words)

	Issue #1: Puritanism, Spiritualism, and Quakerism
		The conditions brought on by the Civil War in England, not primarily continental "mystical" influences, were responsible not only for the splintering of Puritanism into a group of orthodox "denominations" but for the rise of the "fanatics or enthusiasts to the left of them".
		The upheavals of the Interregnum found many men experiencing hopes and even visions that convinced them that very shortly or even now man no longer was to be restricted to an ambiguous and indirect, if powerful, sense of the divine presence.
		When such a spotlight is trained on the spectrum of religious expression in seventeenth-century England and America, it becomes immediately apparent that the creed, cult and code, and community of Puritans, on the one hand, and Quakers and Spiritualists on the other, were markedly different.
	quest.quaker.org /issue1-2.html (5739 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		SECTION IX THE INTERREGNUM The documents of the years 1642-60, though relatively few, are entitled to occupy a section by themselves because they represent a period unique in English history.
		Civil conflict and revolutionary government mark off the Interregnum as a gap in an otherwise unbroken story of constitutional growth, and impart to the pertinent documents a novelty that will be obvious even to the beginning student.
		The Interregnum, being an age of violent partisanship and of revolutionary change, naturally roused that interest to a new height.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech-009.txt (481 words)

	18th century
		But, England had become a constitutional monarchy and a great deal of the Crown's former power rests with Parliament.
		William invades England with a small force, and in December, after sending his family to safety, James himself is forced to flee the country.
		Both resisted the changes that were taking place: the rise of England as a world power, instead of an isolated island kingdom, the growth of the middle classes, etc. Pope saw it as a struggle between Darkness and Light, Chaos and Order.
	home.iae.nl /users/scehv/el/newpage2.htm (1782 words)

	The Stuarts - Stuart Monarchs
		The period from 1649 to 1660 was an interregnum (time without a monarch), that saw the development of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.
		The accession of James VI of Scotland as James I of England, united the countries of England and Scotland under one monarch for the first time.
		William's subsequent invasion of England and accession to the throne is known as The Glorious Revolution.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Stuarts/stuart_monarchs.htm (1097 words)

	Dr. John C. Rao: Una Voce and the Interregnum
		An interregnum, which I would define very broadly as the time between two periods of effective rule, is a horrible thing.
		Place an intelligent individual in the midst of an interregnum and he will sooner or later realize that events around him are not necessarily being shaped by the officially recognized regent or ineffective ruler.
		Unlike the average interregnum, however, the one affecting Catholic Christendom is much more complex in nature, involving three layers of confusion of authority.
	jcrao.freeshell.org /Interregnum (2922 words)

	Princeton University Senior Theses brief display
		Kelly, Karinn Marie (1981): New England Puritanism in the Seventeenth Century: the Social and Religious Function of the Meetinghouse and Townplanning.
		Lyons, Douglas Crawford (1955): New Eire in New England: A Study of Irish Immigration to Boston with the Impact of Irish Catholics on the Political, Economic, and Religious Areas of the Society, 1820-1860.
		Murray, Benson (1951): Manifestations of the Puritan Ideal in England and New England in the Seventeenth Century.
	libweb5.princeton.edu /theses/thesesvw.asp?Lname=&Fname=&Submit=Search&Title1=england&department=&Class=&Adviser= (4032 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stuarts > Anne
		A series of military victories by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, strengthened England's negotiating position at the end of the war.
		During the final years of the seventeenth century, the Parliaments of England and Scotland had conflicting foreign and economic policies.
		Difficulties reached a climax when England settled the succession on the Protestant Sophia of Hanover (Charles I's niece and cousin to James II), as Anne (the last of her line) had failed to produce an heir.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page102.asp (445 words)

	Introduction to Theatre -- Restoration Theatre (England) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From 1642 - 1660, called "the interregnum." Theatre was outlawed; it was connected with the monarchy and with "immoral," non-Puritan values.
		Music, however, was allowed, and William Davanant (a writer of masques) produced some operas with Italianate stagings (with perhaps some illegal performances).
		He had been in France during the Interregnum, in the court of Louis XIV, who loved theatre.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/spd130et/restor.htm (249 words)

	The Church of England
		When Elizabeth I succeeded to the throne in 1558, however, she restored a moderate Protestantism, codifying the Anglican faith in the Act of Uniformity, the Act of Supremacy, and the Thirty-Nine Articles.
		From the time of the Elizabethan settlement on, the Church of England (the Anglican Church) attempted, with varying degrees of success, to consolidate its position both as a distinctive middle way between Catholicism and Puritanism and as the national religion of England.
		The Puritan emphasis on individualism, however, made the establishment of a national Presbyterian Church during the Interregnum impossible, and the Restoration of the Monarchy under Charles II in 1660 facilitated the re-establishment of the Anglican Church, purged of Puritans, who split into various dissenting factions.
	www.victorianweb.org /religion/denom1.html (626 words)

	[EMLS Special Issue 14 (May, 2004):1.1-34 Concocting the world's olio: Margaret Cavendish and continental influence
		The most obvious difference, and the foundation of many other differences between England and the continent, was the dominance of Catholicism on the continent, in contrast to the hegemony of left-wing Protestantantism in England during the Interregnum.
		During the Interregnum, a focal point of royalist sociability and secret political plotting was the house of musician and composer Henry Lawes, one of the few places Cavendish visited during her stay in London in 1651 (Whitaker 136-7).
		As was the case with radical Protestantism in Interregnum London, the influence of Catholic sensibilities on the continent was not limited to theology and religious ritual.
	extra.shu.ac.uk /emls/si-14/mendconc.html (6542 words)

	English Dissenters: Quakers
		Groups of Quaker ministers and preachers were canvassing towns and villages of northern England broadcasting the new Quaker message.
		During the Interregnum (1649-60), the Quakers were associated with some radical fringe groups including the Fifth Monarchy Men.
		The Persecution of the Quakers in England: 1650-1714,
	www.exlibris.org /nonconform/engdis/quakers.html (3103 words)

	Interregnum In England \| Female Radicals English Dissenters Interregnum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		With the continued growth and success of e-commerce meaning of interregnum small business as well as major corporations continue to expand their Internet businesses An understandable advantage is that e-commerce index retailers have over regular index organizations is their low running costs.
		Finding the most informative konradin oder interregnum links and resources is a major undertaking.
		Our jeremiah interregnum website is extremely new so we have not yet managed to put up all of our vast database of advice, but what we have done so far is researched the very best interregnum definition sites on the net.
	ehjl.info (356 words)

	Interregnum: Transition From the 16th to the 17th Gyalwang Karmapas - Biographical Background Information - the Karmapa ...
		Interregnum: Transition From the 16th to the 17th Gyalwang Karmapas - Biographical Background Information - the Karmapa website
		In May 1980, His Holiness the 16th Karmapa[1] began his last world tour, traveling through Greece, England, the United States, and Southeast Asia.
		During this tour, H.H. gave teachings, Vajra Crown ceremonies, empowerments, interviews, audiences, and engaged in many beneficent activities.
	www.kagyuoffice.org /karmapa.background.interregnum.html (1464 words)

	Sources of English Constitutional History: Section 9
		SECTION IX The documents of the years 1642-60, though relatively few, are entitled to occupy a section by themselves because they represent a period unique in English history.
		Short-lived as it was, this work of political innovation deserves careful study — if for no other reason, because it somewhat anticipated such measures as the great Reform Act of 1832.
		To the Commonwealth and Protectorate were also due the first governmental union of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland; the first establishment within them of even partial religious toleration; and the first practical recognition of economic solidarity between the mother country and the colonies — by the Navigation Act of 1651.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech-009.htm (479 words)

	Course Outline PCUL 5P61 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The early modern period in England -- particularly the Civil War and Interregnum years which marked the height of political upheaval and civil unrest -- gave rise to public opinion, political parties, and cultures of religious dissent.
		State and church authorities now had to argue their positions in an arena of debate shaped by the populace as well as the marketplace of print.
		Also under investigation are the ways in which print and interpretive practices shaped seventeenth-century culture, how present-day scholars interpret the period, and how the study of the history of popular culture enriches our understanding of contemporary popular culture.
	www.brocku.ca /cpcf/MA/docs/5P61_01.html (4537 words)

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