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Topic: Interrupt handler

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	Interrupt handler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An interrupt handler, also known as an interrupt service routine, is a subroutine in an operating system or device driver whose execution is triggered by the reception of an interrupt.
		Interrupt handlers have a multitude of functions, which vary based on the reason the interrupt was generated and the speed at which the Interrupt Handler completes its task.
		In response to an interrupt there is a context switch and the code for the interrupt is loaded and executed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interrupt_handler (317 words)

	Interrupt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Software interrupts are usually implemented as instructions in the instruction set, which cause a context switch to the interrupt handler similarly to a hardware interrupt.
		Interrupts may be implemented in hardware as a distinct system with control lines, or they may be integrated into the memory subsystem.
		In some cases, such as the x86 architecture, disabling and enabling interrupts on the processor itself acts as a memory barrier, in which case it may actually be slower.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interrupt (610 words)

	What is interrupt? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Interrupts can also be generated by other devices, such as a printer, to indicate that some event has occurred.
		Interrupt signals initiated by programs are called software interrupts.
		The complete list of interrupts and associated interrupt handlers is stored in a table called the interrupt vector table, which resides in the first 1 K of addressable memory.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/I/interrupt.html (260 words)

	[No title]
		Chaining is the practice of an application installing a handler for a interrupt that does whatever processing is required by the application and then invokes the handler that was in effect for that interrupt before the application was invoked, thus "passing the interrupt on".
		Certainly handling interrupts should be as efficient as possible, but establishing interrupt handlers is not as common an event (for example, we don't indicate any interesting metrics are associated with their actions).
		Current and old handler is not null and may be callable if it is user- defined handler and not callable if it is default handler/treatment Bob states that the current statement of the RM permits either 1 or 3 as defined by the implementation.
	www.ada-auth.org /cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/AIs/AI-00166.TXT?rev=1.6 (3871 words)

	LSU EE 4770 Lecture Notes
		Interrupt handler must stop the interrupt : : : : : :and attend to event that caused the interrupt.
		An interrupt handler should finish quickly : : : : : :because while it's running other interrupts may be blocked.
		Handler would attend to any time-critical parts : : : : : :while remainder handled by either : : : : : :a second-level handler : : : : : :or a daemon (or other type of) task.
	www.ece.lsu.edu /ee4770/1997/lsli15.html (1369 words)

	AARM95 - Interrupt Support
		For each interrupt, which interrupts are blocked from delivery when a handler attached to that interrupt executes (either as a result of an interrupt delivery or of an ordinary call on a procedure of the corresponding protected object).
		Which run-time stack an interrupt handler uses when it executes as a result of an interrupt delivery; if this is configurable, what is the mechanism to do so; how to specify how much space to reserve on that stack.
		Examples of actions that an implementation-defined handler is allowed to perform include aborting the partition, ignoring (i.e., discarding occurrences of) the interrupt, or queuing one or more occurrences of the interrupt for possible later delivery when a user-defined handler is attached to that interrupt.
	www.iuma.ulpgc.es /users/jmiranda/gnat-rts/aarm/AA-C-3.html (1084 words)

	Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition: Chapter 9: Interrupt Handling
		Once interrupts are enabled, the parallel interface generates an interrupt whenever the electrical signal at pin 10 (the so-called ACK bit) changes from low to high.
		The role of an interrupt handler is to give feedback to its device about interrupt reception and to read or write data according to the meaning of the interrupt being serviced.
		The driver therefore disables the interrupt during the reception of the packet; instead, a poll-and-delay loop is used to bring in the data.
	www.xml.com /ldd/chapter/book/ch09.html (12271 words)

	ARM Technical Support FAQs - What happens if an interrupt occurs and the interrupt handler does not remove the ...
		Upon entry to the IRQ exception handler, the 'I' bit is set and further interrupts (IRQ) cannot be recognised by the core until the handler explicitly re-enables further interrupts by writing to the CPSR.
		Upon entry to the FIQ exception handler, both the 'I' bit and the 'F' bit is set and further interrupts, fast or normal, cannot be recognised by the core until the handler explicitly re-enables further interrupts by writing to the CPSR.
		If nested interrupts are being used, programmers should ensure that there is some padding between the acknowledge and re-enable of interrupts to allow time for the interrupt signals to change.
	www.arm.com /support/faqip/3682.html (332 words)

	interrupt handler Definition. Define interrupt handler. What is interrupt handler?
		Interrupt handlers typically deal with low-level events in the hardware of a computer system such as a character arriving at a {serial port} or a tick of a {real-time clock}.
		Special care is required when writing an interrupt handler to ensure that either the interrupt which triggered the handler's execution is masked out (inhibitted) until the handler exits, or the handler is {re-entrant} so that multiple concurrent invocations will not interfere with each other.
		The lower part is the interrupt handler which masks out further interrupts as required, checks that the appropriate event has occurred (this may be necessary if several events share the same interrupt), services the interrupt, e.g.
	www.learnthat.com /define/view.asp?id=6277 (338 words)

	Interrupt Handlers
		When the CPU receives an interrupt, it stops whatever it's doing (unless it's processing a more important interrupt, in which case it will deal with this one only when the more important one is done), saves certain parameters on the stack and calls the interrupt handler.
		This means that certain things are not allowed in the interrupt handler itself, because the system is in an unknown state.
		The solution to this problem is for the interrupt handler to do what needs to be done immediately, usually read something from the hardware or send something to the hardware, and then schedule the handling of the new information at a later time (this is called the "bottom half") and return.
	www.faqs.org /docs/kernel/x1206.html (1055 words)

	Interrupts - Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		When an interrupt line is freed, the handler identified by dev_id is removed (on shared line), the line is disabled when there are no more active handlers on the line.
		The processor imediately stops what it is doing (unless interrupts are disabled on the processor) and jumps to the entry point in memory for interrupt handlers.
		The first column is the interrupt line number, the 2nd is the number of interrupts received (per CPU), the 3rd is the interrupt controller, the 4th is the device(s) registered on a given interrupt line.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~wynnea/classes/cs517b/interrupts-chapter5.html (1121 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The handler may in turn register a bottom half, which is usually a slower part of the handler which does not need to be executed as soon as the interrupt is received.
		handler is a pointer to the a pointer to the function that will handle the interrupt.
		The handler is passed the fol- lowing parameters: int irq The interrupt number.
	www.linuxsavvy.com /resources/linux/man/man9/free_irq.9.html (1096 words)

	Function Attributes - Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
		Use this attribute on the Blackfin, m68k, H8/300, H8/300H, H8S, and SH to indicate that the specified function is an interrupt handler.
		Use this attribute on the Blackfin to indicate that the specified function is an NMI handler.
		Use this attribute on the AVR to indicate that the specified function is a signal handler.
	gcc.gnu.org /onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html (4138 words)

	CSCI 335 - BIOS/DOS/Interrupt Handler/Polled Input/Output
		Interrupts allow hardware to signal the CPU to suspend the currently executing algorithm and execute one for the interrupting hardware.
		Because interrupt functions are executed by Int instructions which save the flags in addition to the return address, the Ret instruction is not correct for returning from an interrupt function, as the flags are not restored.
		In either case the interrupt vector must contain the segment and offset of the interrupt handler function to be executed, for a Type 4 interrupt, the function address is stored at vector index number 4.
	homepages.ius.edu /rwisman/c335/Html/Chapter9.htm (4616 words)

	INTERRUPT HANDLER RULES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Interrupt procedures and functions must use the far call model (use the {$F+} option).
		Be proficient with the BIOS and Assembly language before attempting to write an interrupt handler.
		Make sure your interrupt handler is not in an overlaid unit.
	community.borland.com /article/0,1410,15691,0.html (142 words)

	DPMI: 10. Interrupt Services
		If the interrupt being hooked is a hardware interrupt then you must lock the segment that the interrupt handler runs in as well as any memory the handler may touch at interrupt time.
		This means that the code for the interrupt handler must either reside in DOS addressable memory or you must use a real mode call-back address.
		The handler must either return from the call by executing a far return or jump to the next handler in the chain (which will execute a far return or chain to the next handler).
	www.tenberry.com /web/dpmi/10.htm (1044 words)

	AMIDiag - Industry Standard PC Diagnostics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Interrupts are generated by other devices, such as printers, to indicate that some event has occurred.
		The complete list of interrupts and associated interrupt handlers is stored in a table called the interrupt vector table, which resides in the first 1 KB of addressable memory.
		The interrupt handler for a SMI runs from a protected memory space (SMRAM), so the OS has no access to this handler code.
	www.amidiag.com /support/glossary.cfm (11674 words)

	[No title]
		It is filled when // the interrupt handler is called by the serial port interrupt occuring.
		The basic difference is that an interrupt handler // ends with an RTI instruction, which is Return From Interrupt.
		This is due to the fact that we are in // an interrupt handler, which are always called with interrupts off.
	www.seattlerobotics.org /encoder/200009/sciint12.c (1775 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		* * The timer interrupt is handled specially to ensure that the jiffies * variable is updated at all times.
		Specifically, the timer interrupt is * just like the complete handlers except that it is invoked with interrupts * disabled and should never re-enable them.
		If other interrupts were * allowed to be processed while the timer interrupt is active, then the * other interrupts would have to avoid using the jiffies variable for delay * and interval timing operations to avoid hanging the system.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/linux/kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/marcelo/linux-2.4/arch/mips/jazz/int-handler.S (269 words)

	Definition of A20 handler
		Handler puts himself into the story as a member of the my...
		The dog must be safe for his handler and for the public.
		The SysRq BIOS interrupt handler can be configured as a form of "panic button" to...
	www.wordiq.com /search/A20_handler.html (522 words)

	Interrupt-Safe Routines
		When you patch a routine which is interrupt safe, you should assume that your patch is running at interrupt time and avoid doing things that are illegal at interrupt time.
		Hardware interrupt level requires that all interrupts with lower interrupt priority be disabled for the duration of the hardware interrupt handler.
		You get to native hardware interrupt level by installing a hardware interrupt handler using the native Interrupt Manager, or by being called by something that is directly invoked by such a handler.
	developer.apple.com /technotes/tn/tn1104.html (6092 words)

	Interrupt Handler for INT1
		The interrupt can be programmed to be level-activated or transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 (bit 2 in the TCON Register).
		When an interrupt occurs, a hardware LCALL instruction pushes the contents of the Program Counter onto the stack, and then loads the appropriate vector address.
		When the jump is made to the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) a few important register values need to be saved so that when the return is made to BASIC the program can pick up exactly where it was interrupted.
	www.micromint.com /app_notes/notes/an506.htm (686 words)

	The interrupt handler
		The priority of the dispatcher is to nack and special condition interrupts.
		This could in general be any number of queues but the current Wanda networking code uses only three queues; one for all traffic being cell forwarded through this node, one for management or other traffic being generated at this node, and the third for cells to be added to the free list by null transmission.
		As noted above at the end of the tranmsit queue available interrupt the code must check the value read in the interrupt dispatcher (which is preserved in a register) and jump directly to the receive code if appropriate.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /Research/SRG/bluebook/24/xi3/node8.html (1506 words)

	DJGPP FAQ -- How to hook hardware interrupts
		Hardware interrupts can occur when the processor is either in real mode (like when your program calls some DOS service) or in protected mode.
		In general, your handler should be written in assembly to be bullet-proof.
		The problem with writing handlers in C as above is that in practice you can't lock all of memory the handler itself uses, because there's no standard way of finding the size of the code of a C function, or the addresses on the stack used by C code.
	www.delorie.com /djgpp/v2faq/faq18_9.html (1292 words)

	Software Interrupt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Interrupt and trap numbers are defined by the hardware which is also responsible for calling the procedure in the kerneal space Software trap numbers are defined by the operating system which is responsible for calling a procedure in the user space.
		An interrupt handler is called in response to a signal from another device while a trap handler is called in response to an instruction executed within the cpu.
		The term interrupt is used because these rountines are called in usually called by hardware interrupt routines.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~dewan/242/s99/notes/ipc/node3.html (354 words)

	Bug 000061
		There appears to be no clean way to unchain a hardware interrupt handler with the existing library.
		It may be needed in several ways when previous handler is much more important then your own, or when your handler uses the result of previous handler.
		However all this discussion becomes useless if there will be implemented the function to just call previous handler from inside of interrupt handler.
	www.delorie.com /djgpp/bugs/show.cgi?000061 (383 words)

	[No title]
		Note that a critical section is always + * held as of the top of the loop.
		Clear - * irunning[] prior to running the handlers to interlock new - * events.
		XXX + * + * Clear irunning[] prior to running the handlers to interlock + * again new events occuring during processing of existing events.
	www.dragonflybsd.org /cvsweb/src/sys/kern/kern_intr.c.diff?r1=1.18&r2=1.19&f=u (628 words)

	Assembly Language Interrupt Handler for Timer1
		This application note will illustrate how to create an interrupt handler for Timer1 on the Domino 1 and 2 microcontrollers.
		BASIC-52 gives the user the ability to handle interrupts with the ONTIME and ONEX1 instructions, but these instructions are much slower than an assembly language handler.
		Bit 6 in the TCON register (bit 6 is responsible for starting and stopping the counter, a 1 starts and a 0 stops the counter) needs to be cleared while servicing the interrupt to prevent another interrupt.
	www.micromint.com /app_notes/notes/an502.htm (564 words)

	[No title]
		/********************************************************************/ / keyboard.cpp / /*******************************************************************/ /- \title{Keyboard Interrupt Handler} The purppose of having our own keyboard interrupt handler is to allow\\ the user to interact with the real time executive.
		By pressing certain\\ keys on the console, the user can wake up tasks or terminate the execution\\ of the operating system executive.\\ \\ By default, the operating system that is running on the machine is the one\\ that grabs the keyboard interrupts.
		However, since our system is not preemptive, there exists a\\ case in which one of the tasks might enter an infinite loop and never\\ return control back to the scheduler.
	www.asel.udel.edu /robotics/esfb/src/demos/teleop/slave/keyboard.cpp (165 words)

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