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Topic: Intersexuality

	Gender - Sex - 4Health from Channel 4
		Some intersexuals have spent a lifetime feeling like, or being treated as, freaks due to a simple, inescapable biological hiccup that occurred while they were still in the womb.
		The intersexual aspects of the syndrome are caused by a tendency to low testosterone levels and therefore a 'feminised' body type, varying degrees of underdeveloped male genitalia and sterility.
		Intersexuality is not a disease, but it can have just as devastating an effect where prejudice and ignorance force individuals to suffer in shame or confusion.
	www.channel4.com /health/microsites/0-9/4health/body/gen_intersex.html (2974 words)

	Intersexuals Rights\| Intersexuality Preventions\| Intersexuality Treatments\| Intersexuals Counselling
		Some of the intersexual babies possesss Partial labial fusion or Clitoromegaly or Labial or inguinal masses.The intersexuals may show electrolyte abnormalities, delayed or absent puberty and unexpected changes at puberty as part of their intersexuality.
		The treatment of an intersexual person should not be based on the external genitals but on a thorough analysis of the chromosomal gender.
		Morover if the intersexuals do not want surgery, there are many support groups who argue for their rights and provide counselling to their families and friends.
	living.oneindia.in /kamasutra/facts-about-sex/intersexuals.html (341 words)

	Intersexuality - A Plea for Honesty and Emotional Support
		Each of these scenarios illustrates the traumatic repercussions when intersexuality is brought to light in a culture which insists on believing that sex anatomy is a dichotomy, with male and female conceived of as so different as to be nearly different species.
		Intersexual children's bodies combine male and female characteristics, and the decision to register the child's birth as a girl or as a boy is made by the physician, largely on the basis of the prognosis for genital plastic surgery.
		From the point of view of the intersexual adolescent such a physician may be seen as allied with the parents against any trace of sexual difference or criticism of medical treatment, rather than as a trusted counselor and advisor.
	www.ahpweb.org /pub/perspective/intersex.html (1371 words)

	Intersexuality and Scripture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cheryl Chase characterised intersexuality as atypical congenital physical sexual development, and this rough-and-ready definition manages to include all and only those who are liable to be identified and subjected to medical treatment as intersexed.
		It is not uncommon for Christian fundamentalists, faced with intersexuality as a brute fact, to adduce scriptural grounds for the condemnation of avowed intersexuality, at least, as “unnatural” and as something which is at odds with the will of God as expressed in the order of creation.
		This theological condemnation of lived intersexual identities also finds expression in unconditional support for surgical interventions, as early as possible, aimed at making the unacceptably ambiguous bodies of intersexed infants and children conform to the dichotomous model in which there is no room whatsoever for ambiguity.
	www.bfpubs.demon.co.uk /sally.htm (3793 words)

	Intersexuality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intersexual individuals are treated in different ways by different cultures.
		Some have attacked the common Western practice of performing corrective surgery on the genitals of intersexuals as a Western cultural equivalent of female genital cutting.
		Beginning as early as 1989, intersex became a topic of interest for broadcast TV and radio in the United States and other countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intersexuality (2130 words)

	Intactivism and Intersexuality
		Intersexuality can vary in degree; there may be just a slight variation of the genitals, such as hypospadias, where the urinary opening appears part way down the penis, or clitoromegaly, where the clitoris is bigger than usual.
		In the past, a baby's intersexuality might actually be concealed from the mother until the "problem" had been surgically "solved".
		Nowadays, systems of consultation are more inclined to swing into action, but intersexuality is still seen as something "wrong" which has to be "corrected" if possible, before the child is old enough to have a say in the matter.
	www.circumstitions.com /Intersex.html (925 words)

	q online - NEWS FEATURE: Intersexuality, hermaphrodites, and treansgender sexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Owing to its relative rarity and the threat it poses to society's inflexible norms of sex and gender, intersexuality is often met with misunderstanding, denial and secrecy, not least within the medical community.
		Families of those born intersexed often shroud intersexuality in secrecy, an indication of the degree of stigma which attaches to it.
		The apparent invisibility of intersexuality and of intersexed people, and the coyness of the medical establishment about the issue despite the debate elsewhere, also make it clear that intersex advocacy and support groups are needed here to encourage the necessary changes.
	www.q.co.za /news/1999/9908/990813-intersexuality.htm (1386 words)

	ITPeople.org: Intersexed
		Intersexuals are people born physically between the male and female genders with anatomy that is either ambiguous or comprised of varying degrees of both male and female anatomy.
		Terms such as "true hermaphrodite", "psudo-hermaphrodite", "merm" and "ferm" refer to specific types of intersexuality, but these terms are not frequently used by intersexuals themselves.
		One misconception is that intersexuals can impregnate themselves to both sire and bear a child; no such incidents have been documented and most intersexuals do not have the anatomy to make such a thing possible.
	www.itpeople.org /intersexed.php (634 words)

	InterSex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		We are now learning, however, that no male or female body is made entirely of one group of chromosomes and that in some instances, the male and female chromosomes become mixed enough to produce subtle and sometimes striking changes in the development of the human body and mind.
		The study of intersexuality is very new and has only recently begun to make a lot of surprising and interesting discoveries regarding sexual behavior and orientation.
		Intersexuality produces a myriad of physical conditions ranging from undescended testicles all the way up to the actual combination of the male and female sex organs (hermophroditism).
	www.salagram.net /InterSex.html (471 words)

	Inside Intersexuality - Intersexuals,Parents of Intersexuals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I am labeled, medically/biologically, as an Intersexual and I am a "True Hermaphrodite" with a DNA chromosome karyotype of 46 XXXY (mosaic).
		There are many various "intersexuals" and that term denotes people born apparently in-between what are known as "normal" (average) sexes, within a physical sense (males with male genitalia and females with female genitalia).
		Many intersexuals and medical professionals are deeply concerned with this subject, and with the present medical practice of surgically assigning a single sexual appearance to babies born intersexuals.
	www.healthyplace.com /communities/gender/intersexuals (414 words)

	Paper by Morgan Holmes: Long Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Doctors who specialize in the treatment of intersexuality are most often male: of twenty prominent surgeons or physicians in the field, three are women.
		In the case of the medical mode of treating intersexuality, there is an abuse of power at many levels: doctors routinely mislead parents as to the nature of their child's condition, revealing only that the genital appearance is ambiguous because "nature hasn't finished the job"
		Discussion of homophobia and its connection to the mutilation of intersexuals is avoided, in part, by focusing solely on practices of FGM as a problem/practise specific to "Other" cultures.
	www.usc.edu /isd/archives/queerfrontiers/queer/papers/holmes.long.html (4423 words)

	A Space for Intersexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The lack of a place for intersexuals in language is also apparent in the fact that there is no adequate pronoun with which to refer to intersexuals, who are neither he nor she and never will be.
		If intersexuals cannot be referred to as such, it does not mean that they do not exist, only that they are outside language and that society remains persistent in denying them a way to voice their identity.
		The fact of the matter is that intersexuals are not and will never be male or female because they were never meant to be, that male and female are social constructions that are pushing us towards a non-existent norm.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_cult/courses/knowbody/f04/web2/epiastra.html (1428 words)

	Paper by Morgan Holmes: Short Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Accepting genital ambiguity as a natural option would require that physicians also acknowledge that genital ambiguity is corrected not because it is threatening to the infant's life but because it is threatening to the infant's culture.
		I recognize that Butler is partly engaged in 'wishful thinking' and not prescribing an easy subversion of norms, but I think a reminder that some bodies are more violently manipulated to force pronouncement "It's a girl!" or, "It's a Boy!" [1], is in order.
		All intersexual children with an 'xx' karyotype and all those who are considered to have an 'inadequate' phallus are assigned female[2]--only those who are believed to possess a phallus that matches an 'xy' Karyotype and a minimum size standard for heterosexual penetration are assigned male.
	www.usc.edu /isd/archives/queerfrontiers/queer/papers/holmes.short.html (1946 words)

	Transcending Gender: Intersexuality in the College Classroom: A Limited Understanding by Professors
		It was with great pleasure that I saw Emi and Lisa Weasel had analyzed how scholars and professors handled intersexuality in their teaching.
		However, not all academic interest in the intersex "phenomenon" has been constructive or helpful to the lives of intersex people themselves, as scholars frequently treat intersexuality merely as a convenient theoretical standpoint to demonstrate the social construction of the sexed/gendered body rather than as a lived experience and a site of systemic erasure and resistance.
		Emi and Weasel conducted their informal study of professors in Women's Studies who addressed intersexuality in their classroom materials, and they were not happy with the results.
	www.jenburke.com /2004/12/intersexuality-in-college-classroom.html (853 words)

	Intersexuality FAQ
		Ovarian tissue in intersexuals is not generally the cause of intersexuality, is not dysgenetic, and does not appear to be at elevated risk of developing tumors.
		The author's acceptance of the Victorian classification of intersexuals as male, female, and true pseudo-hermaphrodites is unfortunate, as is her naivite about the success of surgical intervention.
		Her interdisciplinary approach places intersexuality within a broader discourse of sex and gender, disputing the binary male/female opposition as a social construction.
	www.sexuality.org /l/transgen/intefaq.html (4520 words)

	Free Press - Count me OUT: Intersexuality--let it be known
		The word "hermaphrodite" is an archaic medical term created by the Victorians in efforts to make intersexuality go away because it was not conceived as "normal" by there social structures.
		Technically, intersexuality is a set of medical conditions that features congenital anomaly of the reproductive and sexual system because of hormonal failure in the fetus.
		Which means that a person with an intersex condition is born with sex chromosomes, external genitalia, or an internal reproductive system that is not considered "standard" for either male or female.
	www.usmfreepress.org /home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=5180bc7e-6302-4df6-bdbd-33d5ad824c2c (645 words)

	Intersexuality And Scripture
		Intersexuality and Scripture Sally Gross As a brute physical phenomenon, the bodiliness of people like us who are born intersexed challenges cherished assumptions about sex and gender made by many people within Western society.
		Two Biblical proof-texts in particular tend to be cited as part of this rejection of intersexual identities and to show that intersexed bodies must be cut into conformity with the male/female dichotomy.
		It states: 'Abraham and Sarah were [each of them a] tumtum, as it is said: ``Look to the rock from which you were hewn, and to the quarry from which you were digged'' (Isaiah 51:1) and it is written: ``Look to Abraham your father and to Sarah who bore you'' (Isaiah 51:2).
	www.freeessays.cc /db/39/pnl53.shtml (1718 words)

	The Falcon Newspaper - Reflections of a geneticist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Intersexuality is the medical term for individuals that have both male and female secondary sexual characteristics.
		That is, they are people that are born with both a penis and a vagina or ambiguous genitalia.
		Bouma recently co-authored an article on intersexuality and transgender for the Biola University Journal of Psychology and Theology.
	www.thefalcononline.com /story/5321 (581 words)

	Patricia L. Martin, Moving Toward An International Standard In Informed Consent: The Impact Of Intersexuality And The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Intersexuality and gender identity are fields of study in and of themselves, and fall into the even larger categories of biology, sociology and anthropology.
		Clearly intersexuality is an issue that affects thousands of people: those with the physical manifestations, and the families who raise and nurture them.
		As new complications in the surgery for intersexuals are discovered, or as long-term studies indicate negative results, doctors who were part of a team treating intersexuals may have a duty to locate and inform their patients of potential complications.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djglp/articles/gen9p135.htm (13504 words)

	Intersexuality - UPCMedicalDirectory
		Management of Intersexuality: Guidelines for dealing with individuals with ambiguous genitalia by Milton Diamond, Ph.D. and H. Keith Sigmundson, MD....
		Ambiguous Genitalia and Intersexuality - Intersex conditions are among the most fascinating conditions encountered by the clinician.
		Answers to what is intersexuality, the cause of intersexuality, hermaphroditism, androgen insensitivity syndrome, effects of Klinefelter.
	www.upcmd.com /?First=Intersexuality (207 words)

	Intersexuality and Intersex Conditions FAQ
		Ovarian tissue in intersexuals is not generally the cause of intersexuality, is not dysgenetic, and does not appear to be at elevated risk of developing tumors.
		The author's acceptance of the Victorian classification of intersexuals as male, female, and true pseudo-hermaphrodites is unfortunate, as is her naivite about the success of surgical intervention.
		Her interdisciplinary approach places intersexuality within a broader discourse of sex and gender, disputing the binary male/female opposition as a social construction.
	www.concernedcounseling.com /Communities/Gender/intersexuals/intersexuality_faq.htm (3756 words)

	Intersexuality and the Cricket Frog Decline: Historic and Geographic Trends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Intersexuality (hermaphrodism) was manifested in two forms: most intersex frogs (n = 37) had an ovotestis where proportionately large ova were present within testicular tissue, and a few (n = 6) had a complete testis and complete ovary.
		The geographic distribution of both endocrine disruption (intersexuality) and the decline of cricket frogs were congruent.
		The observed decline was evident after a period of sustained endocrine disruption, as indicated by a large increase in prevalence of intersex gonads and masculinization of the population.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2004/7276/7276.html (3530 words)

	American Boyz Position Statement On Intersexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Therefore, we acknowledge the right of all intersexuals to define their own sex and gender howsoever they prefer, at all stages of their lives.
		If an intersexual adolescent or adult requests sex reassignment, they should be able to obtain it under the same guidelines as any non-intersex transsexual, with no bias against them for their intersexuality.
		No intersexual child should ever be forced to regard their condition as a shameful secret to be kept at all costs.
	www.cauldronfarm.com /intersection/position.html (581 words)

	Bodies Like Ours: Intersexuality and the Marriage Debate
		Intersexuality in its pure medical definition is a congenital variation of the sex and/or reproductive organs and /or chromosomal make-up that differs from standard male and female.
		An intersex person may be born with ambiguous genitals that make determining the sex of the baby at birth impossible; or with a chromosomal make-up that is a variation of the standard XX for female and XY for male.
		Bodies Like Ours is a 501(c)(3)organization incorporated in NJ and based in Easton, PA. Bodies Like Ours provides peer support for people born with atypical genitalia and intersex people and helps them erase their shame and secrecy.
	www.soulforce.org /article/669 (1386 words)

	Intersexuality Resources for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex communities
		This leads to an epilogue, where the author discusses and questions the protocols employed today in the treatment of intersexuals (people born hermaphroditic).
		A meticulously researched account of a fascinating problem in the history of medicine, this book will compel the attention of historians, physicians, medical ethicists, intersexuals themselves, and anyone interested in the meanings and foundations of sexual identity.
		The Intersex Voices page is written by intersexed people and is presented as an alternative voice to the writings which have heretofore appeared almost exclusively in the medical press, written by non-intersexed people.
	www.queertheory.com /identities/intersexuality/default.htm (698 words)

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