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Topic: Interstellar communication

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	Interstellar communication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Interstellar communication is potentially much easier than interstellar travel, being possible with technologies and equipment which are currently available.
		It has also been proposed that higher frequency signals, such as lasers operating at visible light frequencies, may prove to be a fruitful method of interstellar communication; at a given frequency it takes surprisingly small energy output for a laser emitter to outshine its local star from the perspective of its target.
		The possibility of using interstellar messenger probes for interstellar communication was first suggested by Ronald N. Bracewell in 1960, and the technical feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the British Interplanetary Society's starship study Project Daedalus in 1978.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interstellar_communication (620 words)

	Drake Equation
		This view is supported by the discoveries of organic material in space (see interstellar molecules), meteorites (see organic matter, in meteorites), and comets; of water (both liquid and frozen) on worlds other than the Earth; and, most significantly, of extremophiles, which thrive in what, to other organisms, would be extraordinarily hostile environments.
		Providing civilizations typically survive for the few hundred years until they achieve the next quantum jump in communications, this supplies the only value of L that is relevant in the context of our current communications capability.
		Abstract: Estimation of the number N of communicative civilizations by means of Drake's formula involves the combination of several quantities, each of which is to some extent uncertain.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/DrakeEq.html (1984 words)

	ipedia.com: Interstellar travel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Interstellar space travel is unmanned or manned travel between stars, though the term usually denotes the latter.
		The concept of interstellar travel in starships is a staple in science fiction.
		Another early proposal for an interstellar propulsion system was the Bussard ramjet, in which a huge scoop would collect the diffuse hydrogen in interstellar space, "burn" it using a proton-proton fusion reaction, and expel it out the back.
	www.ipedia.com /interstellar_travel.html (1574 words)

	The Case for Interstellar Probes
		Interstellar spacecraft are superior to electromagnetic wave propagation for extrasolar exploration and communication.
		Interstellar radio beacons are an invitation to disaster at the hands of unknown predatory alien civilisations.
		Interstellar exploration is necessarily a long-term effect, so any probe detected undoubtedly is the product of a very mature technology, long developed and near-perfectly adapted for the task assigned to it.
	www.rfreitas.com /Astro/TheCaseForInterstellarProbes1983.htm (5022 words)

	Bracewell Interstellar Probes
		A community is superior when it is able to communicate by radio waves, fire rockets into the upper atmosphere and into surrounding space, let off atom bombs, and in general do all the technical things we can do and have been able to do for some time.
		The part of the budget of their Space Administration devoted to interstellar contact is spent not on power for hit or miss transmissions but on launching one probe at a time at a rate in accordance with the ruling economic and political conditions.
		Then it is very hard to see why the frequency of occurrence of superior communities should not be one in a thousand, with the consequence that the nearest neighbor, on the average, could not be as far away as 1,000 light-years.
	www.setv.org /online_mss/bracewell1.html (6625 words)

	INTERSTELLAR PROBES: A NEW APPROACH TO SETI
		Interstellar transmissions via energy-markers (photons) or matter-markers (probes) appear to be energetically indistinguishable alternatives for advanced technical societies.
		Thus interstellar communication can occur by exchanging data borne either on massless packets of energy (e.g., photons, neutrinos) or on massive packets of matters (e.g., artifacts, probes, ships).
		Interstellar beacons are an invitation to disaster at the hands of unknown predatory alien civilizations.* In.
	www.rfreitas.com /Astro/InterstellarProbesJBIS1980.htm (5296 words)

	Free-space optical communication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Free-space optical communication involves the use of optical links across the space between two points, either within the Earth's atmosphere, or in outer space.
		For longer distances, a pair of telescopes is used at each end, with a laser and photosensors mounted in each telescope.
		Optical telegraph for the early history of optical communication, including semaphore and smoke signals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free-space_optical_communication (207 words)

	The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence - UFO Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In terms of the foreseeable technological developments on the earth, the cost per photon and the amount of absorption of radiation by interstellar gas and dust, radio waves seem to be the most efficient and economical method of interstellar communication.
		Interstellar space vehicles cannot be excluded a priori, but in all cases they would be a slower, more expensive and more difficult means of communication.
		There are contributions from interstellar matter, from the three-degree-Kelvin background radiation left over from the early history of the universe, from noise that is fundamentally associated with the operation of any detector and from the absorption of radiation by the earth's atmosphere.
	www.ufoevidence.org /documents/doc252.htm (4809 words)

	ASP: The View from a Distant Star:Challenges of Interstellar Message-Making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When the focus turned to the possibility of communicating with the potential denizens of these worlds, their relative closeness to the Earth made it conceivable that signals could be detected through optical telescopes.
		When we think of interstellar messages in terms of classical information theory, there is no innate relationship between the form of the message and the content borne by the message.
		The critical difference between the iconic approach to communicating chemical concepts that I discuss next and the standard iconic approaches to CETI is the electromagnetic signal itself that acts as the sign, in this case for an object that it resembles.
	www.astrosociety.org /pubs/mercury/9902/vakoch.html (4961 words)

	Interstellar Communication
		If you want to communicate to someone who does not know you are sending, you usually choose a frequency near the frequency he is already prepared to listen to.
		Communication is possible only when there is something in common, but there is always one thing in common whenever there is communication; namely, the signal.
		Their communications are most plausible; and it is even likely they will try to communicate with us.
	www.philsoc.org /1960Fall/1496transcript.html (7496 words)

	Interstellar Communication
		Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence depends as much upon social support for the project as upon appropriate engineering design and upon the actual existence of a nearby extrasolar civilisation.
		Thus, communication with extraterrestrial intelligence is, as might expect, connected in students' minds with the great long-range goal of colonisation but not significantly with the most mundane current economic and military space activities.
		While one may imagine reasons why Communications students might like CETI, the fact is that their field narrowly focuses on communication with other members of their own society and is a training ground for professionals in broadcasting and the press.
	home1.gte.net /wsbainbridge/dl/cetijbis.htm (5732 words)

	Detecting Biodynamic Signals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In fact, we find that the recent history of the investigation into interstellar communications is almost completely restricted to the science of radio astronomy — a technology which is quite limited due to the necessity of obeying the confines of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Lawrence stated that these galactic cultures may have communicated by a method now lost to our civilisation — biological communication — where the biodynamic energy transfer acts as the carrier, and the patternate content is the modulation.
		Lawrence’s version would be detailed thusly: The communication (Eidetic picture) would be converted into a form suitable for transmission (biodynamic signal), the coding being the method of conversion, and the modulation (patternate content) would be the change in the parameters of the emission serving as the carrier of the (biodynamic) signal.
	www.borderlands.com /archives/arch/icomm.htm (2291 words)

	A Plan for an Intersteller Communications Grid that allows instantaneous communication. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Recent demonstrations of long distance communications using quantum entanglement over tens of kilometers followed by the "teleportation" of a continuous beam of light foreshadow a new age of instantaneous communications.
		Because communication and information transfer was instantaneous as well as at no risk to human life via the benefit of telepresence, politically this becomes a do-able problem.
		These objects would also be communications ports for civilizations making initial contact via radio or laser communication, and hence not the distant star systems, which are the origin of the communication signals themselves.
	www.seti.org.au /spacecom/quantumcom.html (4992 words)

	O'Reilly: An Interview with Brian McConnell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We know the physics of communicating across interstellar distances are no different than the physics of making a cellular phone call.
		Because the software development community is so well networked, almost as soon as we detect something, groups of programmers around the world would begin picking through the data.
		Interstellar travel, though beyond our current capabilities, is physically possible (if you're willing to put up with some very long transit times).
	www.oreilly.com /news/mcconnell_0401.html (4706 words)

	s3.1
		A sober appraisal of all the methods so far proposed forces one to the conclusion that manned interstellar flight is out of the question not only for the present but for an indefinitely long time in the future.
		Interstellar probes are appealing as long as someone else sends them, but not when we face the task ourselves.
		Fundamentally, to communicate we must transmit and receive energy or matter or both in a succession of amounts or types of combinations that represent symbols, which either individually or in combination with one another have meaning-that is, can be associated with concepts, objects, or events of the sender's world.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-419/s3.1.htm (2336 words)

	Cosmic Search Vol. 1, No. 3 - Neutrinos for Interstellar Communication
		Though no interstellar communication is going to be quick, it is obviously better to send messages that travel at the highest possible velocity, all other things being equal.
		Nonetheless, since most other communicating civilizations would be far more advanced than our own, it is an interesting exercise to examine alternative means by which interstellar communication may have evolved.
		Some investigation of neutrino communication has been underway for sending a neutrino signal through the earth to nuclear submarines on the other side of the earth, but this will require the reduction of the detection apparatus from a cube 100 kilometers on a side to the size of a submarine.
	www.bigear.org /vol1no3/neutrino.htm (2573 words)

	Interstellar communication Info
		Manipulation and detection of this polar interaction provides a means for real time interstellar communication.
		Interstellar communication between planets by polar means requires two human populations having the technology to do so at the same time.
		The duration of the existence of a given human population from the time of its discovery that this means of communication is possible to the demise of that population by runaway fission may be five hundred years.
	homepage.mac.com /whitby/Personal11.html (225 words)

	Interstellar Communication Channel Search of 49 Target Stars
		Communities wanting to communicate will choose frequencies which should be readily determinable by humans.
		In the second series, in 1991, the previously observed stars were re-examined and another 60 new stars, together with seven globular clusters, were observed, again using the hypothesised interstellar communications channel frequency of 4.462336275 GHz.
		Should communities choose to communicate with us, sufficient time has now elapsed for us to receive return signals from those within 36 light years.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /people/rnorris/papers/n139.html (1131 words)

	Interstellar Communication
		The Psychology of Interstellar Communication - Michael Arbib
		Challenges of Interstellar Message-Making, Messages to the stars, Altruism: A Scientific Perspective - Douglas Vakoch
		Communicating with Aliens: the Psychological Dimension of Dialogue - Anthony Judge
	www.matessa.org /~mike/inter-comm.html (168 words)

	s3.14
		The most detailed bibliography of interstellar communication published to date is that of Mallove and Forward.
		A collection of essays on interstellar communication presented in a lecture series at the NASA Ames Research Center in 1971.
		A condensed account of activities in interstellar communication to date, including a description of those attempts which have already been made to listen for signals.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-419/s3.14.htm (570 words)

	Encoding Altruism
		On March 23-24, 2003, the second in a series of international workshops on interstellar message design was held in Paris.
		The workshop examined messages that could be transmitted across interstellar space by radio or laser signals.
		The workshop was sponsored by The SETI Institute; Leonardo Observatory for the Arts and TechnoSciences; The John Templeton Foundation; The International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology (ISAST); and The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Permanent SETI Study Group.
	publish.seti.org /art_science/2003 (394 words)

	Cosmic Search Vol. 1, No. 3 - MINDS AND MILLENNIA: The Psychology of Interstellar Communication
		If we establish communication with a civilization even as close as 100 light years from Earth, the round-trip time for a message and its reply is 200 years.
		There seems to be general agreement that a civilization which engages in interstellar communication must have achieved the technological capability for radio astronomy, and it is felt that radio astronomy cannot be developed without a solid underpinning of physics and applied mathematics.
		One of the fascinations of the question of the possibility of interstellar communication is that it forces one to look at old philosophical problems from a new perspective.
	www.bigear.org /vol1no3/minds.htm (4927 words)

	SETV- References to Pertinent Works
		The advantages of using interstellar probes as a means of exploration and communication are presented and shown to be significant enough to counter the time, energy, and technology arguments generally raised against contact via extraterrestrial artifacts.
		The communication may take the form of what is now considered magic, and may therefore be misinterpreted as 'magic' by or a hoax by contemporary governments and scientists.
		Space communities are considered as earth-alien cultures, and the level of science and technology is considered as a basis for legal regimes encompassing relations between earth societies and advanced forms of non-earth life.
	www.setv.org /refs.html (13228 words)

	SPACE.com -- Counting on Distant Worlds: Math as an Interstellar Language
		If in fact all extraterrestrials capable of interstellar communication have something like the science we are familiar with, would they describe their science in a form we could understand?
		The key, in his view, is to expect some ambiguity as we attempt to bridge the vast distances that separate humans and extraterrestrials: "In looking for a language for interstellar communication, we should be looking not for one-to-one matching, but for some kind of mapping which allows us to understand vaguely rather than with certainty."
		And given the tremendous challenges of interstellar communication, living with ambiguity may be our only choice.
	www.space.com /searchforlife/seti_vakoch_numbers_030508.html (1008 words)

	Designing a team for alien encounter: Communicating with Aliens
		However it needs to be far more subtle in scope because of the variety of challenges that may have to be prepared for -- in contrast with the precise objectives that simplify the design of many conventional teams.
		Here the challenge is the enthusiasm of various (Western) facilitators to use their particular model and understanding of teams in preference to all alternative models.
		Living differences as a basis for sustainable community ecosystemics of designing, configuring and driving a difference engine to avoid quenching enthusiasm, magic and the life of the spirit 1998 (65k) (http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs/quenchin.php)
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs/alien4.php (2154 words)

	OSETI II: Interplanetary and Interstellar Optical Communication between Intelligent Beings: A historical Approach
		After the success of wireless transatlantic communications and the discovery of radio signals from the cosmos, the main scientific proposals to contact extraterrestrials were based on radio signals.
		Nevertheless, the development of lasers and other non-linear optical devices, led to a new set of proposals to use them for interplanetary and interstellar communication means.
		A summary of the requirements needed to explore the astrophysics of shortest timescales is described, in order to develop the nano and sub-nanosecond detectors that could be used to detect interstellar pulsed laser signals.
	www.coseti.org /2704-06.htm (175 words)

	Exobiology - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Exobiology or astrobiology is the study of life elsewhere in the Universe, where this life is assumed to be non-supernatural and existing in the physical context of our Universe, as Earth life does.
		However, if some analogue of Homo sapiens appeared on some other planet, it may be able to communicate across interstellar distances by using radio, as Cocconi and Morrison had first proposed in 1959.
		Even with the development of agriculture and writing, the development of interstellar communication was not guaranteed.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Exobiology (3916 words)

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