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Topic: Intertidal zone

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	Intertidal Zone Animals - EnchantedLearning.com
		The intertidal area (also called the littoral zone) is where the land and sea meet, between the high and low tide zones.
		Moisture: The littoral zone is covered with salt water at high tides, and it is exposed to the air at low tides; the height of the tide exposes more or less land to this daily tide cycle.
		The zones that are often used are the spray zone, high tide zone, middle tide zone, and low tide zone.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/ocean/Intertidal.shtml (908 words)

	the Intertidal Zone
		Although the sandy beach zone is said to be one of the most common environments along the shore, it is considered a very harsh and dynamic environment.
		Diatoms are among the populated organisms in the surf zone.
		The surf and sandy beach zone is a very harsh habitat to live in because of the constant tidal movement brought by waves.
	allfreeessays.com /student/the_intertidal_zone.html (760 words)

	Ocean Regions: Littoral Zone - Characteristics
		The littoral zone is the part of the ocean closest to the shore.
		The littoral zone is from the shoreline to 600 feet (183 meters) out into the water and is divided into three zones: the supralittoral zone, the intertidal zone and the sublittoral zone.
		The intertidal zone is between the high-tide and low-tide lines.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/ocean/regions/littoralzone1.htm (137 words)

	Intertidal zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, ie the area between tide marks.
		Thirdly, because of the intertidal zone's high exposure to the sun the temperature range can be extreme from very hot to near freezing in frigid climates (with cold seas).
		Lastly, the salinity is much higher in the intertidal zone because salt water trapped in rock pools evaporates leaving behind salt deposits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intertidal_zone (701 words)

	Marine Biology Tide Pool Zonation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The intertidal zone is a complex marine ecosystem.
		Often called, the "Littoral Zone," it is the transition zone between the terrestrial ecosystems and the ocean.
		The intertidal zone is characterized by a pattern of bands in a vertical axis.
	home.earthlink.net /~huskertomkat/tide.html (224 words)

	WEC - Makai - Intertidal Communities
		The splash zone, which gets occasional splash from waves and salt spray from wind, is often considered to be part of the intertidal zone, even though it is above the high tide line.
		Many intertidal inhabitants are small and cryptically colored (blending in with their surroundings), and hide under rocks or in crevices during daytime low tides.
		Native Hawaiians recognized zonation patterns in the intertidal zone, which they named based on water movement and the crabs that can be found at different tidal heights.
	www.hawaii.gov /dbedt/czm/wec/html/sea/marine/inter.htm (987 words)

	PIRSA Aquaculture and Fisheries - Recreational Fishing - Intertidal Reefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Intertidal animals are wholly dependent on the sea for their means of survival.
		In South Australia, this zone is dominated by littorinid snails (Nodilittorina unifasciata) and dark patches of cyanobacteria (Calothorix fasciculata, Entophysalis) and in the lower reaches by lichens (Lichina confinis).
		While the width of the intertidal shoreline is determined primarily by the tidal range, the degree of wave exposure and air temperature is also important.
	www.pir.sa.gov.au /pages/fisheries/rec_fishing/rec101.htm:sectID=266&tempID=10 (849 words)

	Intertidal Zone
		The intertidal zone is the place where the marine and terrestual enviroments meet.
		The three areas of the intertidal zone are visibile in this photo, the splash zone, elittorial zone, and the sublittorial zone.
		The elittorial zone is the beach, and the sublittorial zone is in the water where it is still fairly shallow.
	www.angelfire.com /dragon/ardon/index.html (233 words)

	Physiological ecology of rocky intertidal organisms: A synergy of concepts Integrative and Comparative Biology - Find ...
		As a result, the steep physical gradient and spatially condensed community has made the rocky intertidal zone an ideal "natural laboratory" to study the coupled role of physical and biological factors in determining the abundance and distribution of organisms in nature (Connell, 1961; Paine, 1966, 1994).
		Zones characterized by indicator species appeared to correlate with shifts in the length of exposure to air, further supporting the potential role of physical factors in limiting distribution (Doty, 1946).
		We thus felt that it was time to organize a symposium on the ecophysiology of rocky intertidal organisms, first, to summarize the recent, unprecedented collaborations between ecologists and physiologists in the field, and, second, to foster dialogue between both groups in hopes of addressing questions that could intensify and expand these collaborations.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200208/ai_n9085390 (787 words)

	Marine Discovery Slide Show Overview
		The rocky intertidal zone is the area of the sea floor between the high and low tides.
		Zone one is the area of the beach that is almost always exposed to air.
		Finally, zone four refers to the area of the rocky intertidal zone found in Puerto Penasco that is mostly covered in water and composed of only coquina rock.
	tolweb.org /treehouses/?treehouse_id=2972 (3061 words)

	Biology 100 - Introduction to Biology
		Where the sea and the land meet lies the intertidal zone, the area between the normal limits of high and low tide.
		Because it is a zone which is neither sea nor land and is subject to constant change, the intertidal is an ecologically unique environment.
		The mid-tide zone is exposed to the air at least once a day and it supports a great variety of plants and animals (green-colored seaweeds, sea anemones, starfish).
	mil.ccc.cccd.edu /classes/biology100/ecology.htm (662 words)

	Sandy Beaches-Section III
		The mid-littoral zone is characterized by a moderate inundation time, but is subject to many of the same rigors as the upper zone (temperature extremes, fresh water).
		The swash zone, where wave breaking and runup often occurs, is characterized by the highest water movement, so consequently has a high degree of mechanical stress and possibility of rapid sediment removal.
		The low intertidal zone, extending into the shallow subtidal, is almost fully marine, being aerially exposed for short periods only on the lowest tides.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /sitechar/sandy3.html (2103 words)

	Habitats - Tidepool
		Within this coastline's intertidal zone-- the narrow belt lying between the highest and lowest of twice-daily tides-- are some of the biologically richest areas in North America.
		Intertidal habitats are constantly being disturbed, and plants and animals that can adapt to the extreme conditions are the ones that remain.
		Nutrients are also washed into the intertidal zone by ocean currents, which carry cold, nutrient-rich waters from the ocean depths.
	www.ocnms.nos.noaa.gov /living/habitats/tidepool/welcome.html (615 words)

	California's Rocky Intertidal Zones
		Intertidal communities occur on sandy beaches, in bays and estuaries, and on wharf pilings, but the communities of rocky shorelines are perhaps the most diverse and the most densely populated.
		The plants and animals of the intertidal are subject to a range of conditions not encountered in the relative stability of the deep ocean.
		The intertidal can be divided into four zones according to the extent of tidal exposure; the uppermost horizon, and the high, middle, and low intertidal zones.
	ceres.ca.gov /ceres/calweb/coastal/rocky.html (796 words)

	Virtual Galápagos: Wildlife - Intertidal Life
		Though the intertidal zone is but a strip around all the islands, the total area has been estimated as about 40 square kilometers, or two thirds the size of Española Island.
		Only a few of the intertidal creatures, like the marine iguana and Sally Lightfoot crab, will be familiar to most visitors, but if you take a close look at life on the tidal rocks and in the tide pools, you will discover an ecosystem every bit as complex as that on land.
		Across the middle of the intertidal zone is usually a wide band of small white Rock barnacles, Tetraclita sp.
	www.terra-quest.com /galapagos/wildlife/coastal/intertidal.html (987 words)

	Intertidal zone
		The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, ie the area between tide marks.
		In the intertidal zone the most common organisms are small and most are relatively uncomplicated organisms.
		Thirdly, because of the intertidal zone's high exposure to the sun the temperature range can be extreme from very hot to near freezing in frigid climates (with cold seas).
	www.thewildclassroom.com /biomes/intertidal.html (679 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, and Habitats - Intertidal Zone
		Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, and Habitats - Intertidal Zone
		Technically the intertidal zone includes beaches and estuaries, but the information on this page is primarily about the rocky intertidal zone and tide pools in and between the rocks.
		The Fitzgerald Marine Reserve web pages contain a wealth of information on the intertidal zone of California including sections on the life found in the different zones of the intertidal zone and proper care you need to take while you are in the tidal zone to conserve and protect them.
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/habitats/intide.htm (620 words)

	MBNMS Ecosystem Observations 2002: Rocky Intertidal & Subtidal Systems
		The intertidal zone is the coastal strip that is covered and uncovered by the sea during the rise and fall of the tides.
		Though the intertidal appears benign on an early morning low tide, the low zone is a place of high conflict, full of predators and competitors using nearly unimaginable means for offense and defense.
		For example, the tightly organized zonation pattern of the intertidal, with species sorted into bands with respect to tidal height, may be particularly sensitive to global warming because a rise in sea temperature leads to a rise in sea level.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /reports/2002/eco/intertidal.html (1729 words)

	Biological Communities: Intertidal, from Discovery of Estuarine Environments (DOEE)
		The Intertidal Zone is where the land meets the sea.
		The marine animals living in this zone are unique because of their ability to withstand exposure to air and the force of the pounding waves.
		The lowest levels of the Intertidal Zone are the most crowded with life and the higher, dryer levels are less populated.
	omp.gso.uri.edu /doee/science/biology/inter1.htm (204 words)

	NSF Research in Ecology: Estimating Population Size of an Intertidal Mollusk
		The intertidal zone is the shoreward fringe of the seabed between the highest and lowest extent of the tides (Levinton, 1996).
		There are predominantly five zones, characterized by the organisms that live in each zone and that zone's distance from shore.
		The white zone may be distinguished as the zone that is literally the shore itself and may contain different sorts of plant life and/or land animals.
	www.bio.miami.edu /ys99/rayres.html (2416 words)

	Volunteer Main Page
		The primary objectives of TLC’s community-based research are to identify and seek protection for coastal nursery habitats for juvenile lobsters by: (1) identifying the location and time of settlement of postlarval lobsters; (2) quantifying the abundance of juvenile lobsters inhabiting the intertidal zone; and (3) describing the basic ecology and behavior of early juvenile lobsters.
		Over time, intertidal lobster monitoring data can show which locations, months, and years are the most or least productive and may provide clues necessary for forecasting future lobster landings for particular regions.
		The lobster's habitat in the lower intertidal zone is especially vulnerable to disruption and destruction due to anthropogenic (human) activities.
	www.lobsters.org /volunt/volunteer.html (1118 words)

	The Aquatic Biome
		The topmost zone near the shore of a lake or pond is the littoral zone.
		The intertidal zone on sandier shores is not as stratified as in the rocky areas.
		The pelagic zone is generally cold though it is hard to give a general temperature range since, just like ponds and lakes, there is thermal stratification with a constant mixing of warm and cold ocean currents.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss5/biome/aquatic.html (1608 words)

	Foreshore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The foreshore, also called the intertidal or littoral zone, is that part of a beach that is exposed by the low tides and submerged by high tides.
		The mid intertidal is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides.
		The intertidal region is an important model systems for the study of ecology, especially on wave-swept rocky shores.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreshore (578 words)

	The Intertidal Zone \| Bullfrog Films
		Through the eyes of a patient and observant marine biologist we explore the ecology of the intertidal zone, that area covered by the highest tides and exposed during the lowest.
		The intertidal zone is a place of great beauty and diversity; it is a highly productive environment providing food for humans and animals; and, it is an indicator of the health of our coastal waters and oceans.
		THE INTERTIDAL ZONE is an astonishing glimpse at the food chains, interactive life cycles, and many special adaptations to this difficult environment.
	www.bullfrogfilms.com /catalog/zone.html (330 words)

	inttidal
		There are few green algae species found in the intertidal zone but, perhaps, the most visible and abundant is the bright green sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) that is found in shallow bays, lagoons, harbors and marshes.
		The intertidal plant community consists of four zones: the splash or top zone, the high midlittoral or intertidal zone exposed and covered twice per day by low and high tides, the low midlittoral or intertidal zone that is exposed only once per day by low tide, and the subtidal zone which remains submerged.
		Similar to the flora in the intertidal community, animal life is highly specialized and survives in a very narrow, vertical geographic area between the splash zone which is dominated by species better or equally suited for a terrestrial environment, and the subtidal zone with species exclusively adapted for aquatic life.
	www.sfsu.edu /~geog/bholzman/ptreyes/inttidal.htm (696 words)

	Rocky Intertidal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The rocky intertidal zone is also an important foraging area for sea otters (Enhydra lutris), which must live close to abundant food supplies to maintain their high metabolism.
		A Sitka periwinkle (Littorina sitkana) with eggs in the rocky intertidal zone.
		The upper intertidal zone is exposed to air daily, so the organisms found here, such as the beach hoppers, periwinkle snails, and acorn barnacles, must be adapted to temperature, desiccation, and other stresses caused by exposure.
	www.habitat.adfg.state.ak.us /geninfo/kbrr/coolkbayinfo/kbec_cd/html/ecosys/estuarin/rocky.htm (1596 words)

	DOC TITLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The upper balanoid zone is mainly characterised by being covered by barnacles, mussels, worms and also seaweeds which provide food and shelter.
		This zone is submerged for long periods and it's characterised mainly by sea weed.
		The Cochlear Zone is the lowest intertidal zone and is only fully exposed at very low spring tides.
	www.wcape.school.za /subject/biology/marine/intro.htm (2034 words)

	Nature Works- Shores (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The intertidal zone or littoral zone is the area of shoreline between the high tide and low tide marks.
		The spray zone or the supralittoral fringe is the farthest from the ocean and it is the driest zone.
		If the spray zone is the desert of the intertidal zone, the low tide zone or intralittoral fringe is the rainforest.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwep6b.htm (751 words)

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