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Topic: Intertropical convergence zone

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	7(p) Global Scale Circulation of the Atmosphere
		The intertropical convergence zone is identified on the figures by a red line.
		In January, the intertropical convergence zone is found south of the equator (Figure 7p-4).
		Note that the line representing the intertropical convergence zone is not straight and parallel to the lines of latitude.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/7p.html (1740 words)

	Intertropical Convergence Zone Encyclopedia, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), also known as the Intertropical Front or the Equatorial Convergence Zone, is a belt of low pressure girdling Earth at the equator.
		The air is drawn in to the intertropical convergence zone by the action of the Hadley cell, a macroscale atmospheric feature which is part of the Earth's heat and moisture distribution system.
		Variation in the location of the intertropical convergence zone drastically affects rainfall in many equatorial nations, resulting in the wet and dry seasons of the tropics rather than the cold and warm seasons of higher latitudes.
	www.artquilt.com /encyclopedia/Intertropical_convergence_zone (531 words)

	Intertropical convergence zone - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is formed, as its name indicates, by the convergence of warm, moist air from the latitudes above and below the equator.
		Interaction of upper westerly waves with intertropical convergence zone and their effect on the weather over Zambia during the rainy season (Meteorological notes.
		The intertropical convergence zone and the Hadley circulation of the atmosphere
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /intertropical_convergence_zone.htm (452 words)

	4. At the big disconnects
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the strong band of white clouds in this picture of the tropical Pacific Ocean, taken by a new geostationary satellite.
		The cell and the Intertropical Convergence Zone both move north and south with the seasons.
		The convergence zone shifts north and south with the seasons, explaining why the tropical rainy seasons also change with the seasons.
	www.whyfiles.org /174earth_observe/4.html (543 words)

	intertropical convergence zone - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about intertropical convergence zone
		Area of heavy rainfall found in the tropics and formed as the trade winds converge and rise to form cloud and rain.
		It moves a few degrees northwards during the northern summer and a few degrees southwards during the southern summer, following the apparent movement of the Sun.
		The doldrums are also associated with this zone.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /intertropical+convergence+zone (140 words)

	Satellite Sees Double Zones of Converging Tropical Winds Around The World \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone is the region that circles Earth near the equator, where the trade winds of both the Northern and Southern hemispheres come together.
		North of the equator, strong sunshine and warm water of the equator heats the air in the region, drawing air in from north and south and causing the air to rise.
		Satellite data, however, have confirmed that there is an Intertropical Convergence Zone north of the equator and a parallel one south of the equator.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=8821 (881 words)

	A Quest for Rapa Nui / Tahiti to Hawai'i (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts between 10 degrees N and the Equator, on average between 9 degrees N and 3 degrees N on the route between Hawai'i and Tahiti.
		Converging winds from the Northeast and Southeast Trade Wind Belts and warm air rising from equatorial waters produce doldrum conditions: variable winds, calms, thunderstorm activity, and dense cloud cover.
		The zone is charcterized by an "impressive wall of clouds"; "confused state of the swell, flukey winds that blow intensely and then subside, and intermittent showers of rain that come from nowhere in a solid, opaque overcast." The light, shifting winds and the confused swells and cloud cover make sailing slow and navigation difficult.
	pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu /rapanui/strategyhawaii.html (500 words)

	Intertropical Convergence Zone
		Convergence develops near the latitude at which this balance occurs.
		Tomas, Holton, and Webster hypothesize that this convergence defines the location of the eastern Pacific ITCZ, which is the rising branch of the cross-equatorial Hadley circulation.
		They invoked this as an explanation for the observed tendency of the ITCZ to occur off the equator even when there is an equatorial maximum in SST.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/epic2001/overview/node5.html (1544 words)

	5. Finding fish - by satellite
		Much as the convergence of different air masses leads to massive energy transfers - and life-giving rain - in the atmosphere, the meeting of warm, low-nutrient water with cold, nutrient-rich water in the South Atlantic causes an intense bloom of plants.
		Plants are 5,000 times as dense in red zones as in the bluest of the blue.
		These convergences can be seen by spaceborne instruments that detect chlorophyll, or other gadgets that see changes in sea height or waves.
	www.whyfiles.org /174earth_observe/5.html (163 words)

	J World San Diego Sailing Terms
		Intertropical Convergence Zone- A zone within the tropics where the northeasterly trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere meet the southeasterly trade winds of the Southern Hemisphere.
		The zone lies within the equatorial air mass, near but usually not on the equator.
		Inversion- A phenomenon in which an overlying layer of air is warmer than the underlying layer.
	www.jworld-sailing.com /glosi.htm (276 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As a result the simulated sea surface temperature, thermocline structure, and upwelling velocities are close to the observed estimates.
		The seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone reduced.
		Although too much precipitation remains south of the equator, the northern Atlantic Marine Intertropical Convergence Zone becomes more pronounced and the reduced meridional surface temperature gradient in the eastern tropical Atlantic prohibit the development of convective precipiation in the southeastern part of the tropical Atlantic.
	www.knmi.nl /~hazelege/Publ/hazelege12.html (188 words)

	Chad - Climate
		During the rainy season, winds from the southwest push the moister maritime system north over the African continent where it meets and slips under the continental mass along a front called the "intertropical convergence zone".
		By the middle of the dry season, the intertropical convergence zone moves south of Chad, taking the rain with it.
		The climate in this transition zone between the desert and the southern soudanian zone is divided into a rainy season (from June to early September) and a dry period (from October to May).
	www.countrystudies.us /chad/16.htm (725 words)

	Satellite sees double zones of converging tropical winds around the world
		NASA's QuikSCAT satellite has confirmed a 30-year old largely unproven theory that there are two areas near the equator where the winds converge year after year and drive ocean circulation south of the equator.
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the region that circles the Earth near the equator, where the trade winds of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.
		North of the equator, strong sun and warm water of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, drawing air in from north and south and causing the air to rise.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-07/nsfc-ssd070902.php (733 words)

	Meteorology in the Gulf of Thailand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While the exact cause of monsoons is unknown, it is known that there are at least two significant contributors to monsoon circulation.
		One is north-south shifting of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and the other is associated with the differences in solar heating of land and water.
		The intertropical convergence zone, which parallels the heat equator, is a discontinuous series of thunderstorms that occurs where trade winds from the northern and southern hemispheres meet.
	www.start.or.th /got/gotwww/meteorology.html (336 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone, known also as the doldrums or ITCZ, is the main focal point for showers and thunderstorms in the tropics.
		The reason for this is that northeasterly trade winds to the north of the ITCZ meet southeasterly trade winds from the south.
		The piling up of air near the surface due to the converging winds forces the warm, humid air over the tropical oceans to rise.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/witcz.htm (166 words)

	Top Story - SATELLITE SEES DOUBLE ZONES OF CONVERGING TROPICAL WINDS AROUND THE WORLD - July 09, 2002
		The red and yellow colors are convergence, indicating where winds are coming together.
		This graphic depicts both the northern and southern Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZ).
		This converging, or mixing air is forced to rise, and spawns clouds, showers and thunderstorms.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20020711itczworks.html (1013 words)

	backorders.com Rainforests, intertropical convergence zone, global climate system, wet forest
		backorders.com Rainforests, intertropical convergence zone, global climate system, wet forest
		Tropical rainforests arise due to the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, but temperate rainforests also exist.
		As well as prodigious rainfall, many rainforests are characterized by a high number of resident species and tremendous biodiversity of their flora and fauna.
	www.backorders.com (533 words)

	Satellite Sees Double Zones of Converging Tropical Winds around the World
		The northern Intertropical Convergence Zone is created when the surface trade winds from the northeast meet the surface southeast trade winds.
		The southern Intertropical Convergence Zone does not have the cloud creation capabilities that the northern Intertropical Convergence Zone does.
		QuikScat satellite images have for the first time confirmed that both the northern and southern Intertropical Convergence Zones exist almost all year round.
	www.spacehike.com /sat20.html (1016 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This work has primarily focused on reconstructions of sea surface temperature over the last ~200 years with the goal of developing techniques to separate the effects of salinity and water temperature on the oxygen isotopic composition of coral skeletons.
		In the eastern tropical Pacific the highest mean annual sea surface temperatures occur not at the equator, but in an east-west elongated region between 5-10[[exclamdown]]N that is coincident with the average position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
		As only sparse temperature measurements are available from this area before the 1970[[Otilde]]s, this reconstruction extends this record back to the 1880[[Otilde]]s and demonstrates the relative thermal stability of the eastern Pacific warm tongue over this time period.
	nigec.ucdavis.edu /publications/ar/annual96/southcentral/project2.html (1596 words)

	The Weather Notebook \| Brainstorm Answer
		I believe the answer for ITCZ would be Intertropical Convergence Zone.
		The ITCZ is the Intertropical Convergence Zone, The ITCZ location during June to September is closely related to both cumulative rainfall and crop production in West Africa.
		It also, as the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifts up into the Northern Hemisphere, especially in and around India, it begins to drive the monsoons.
	www.weathernotebook.org /transcripts/2002/12/04.php (266 words)

	DIALOG/DISCCRS Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Chocó jet stream are mainly responsible for the amount of precipitation and seasonality in this area and the main disturbing factor is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
		The effect of ENSO in this area is mainly felt during phases of La Niña that strengthen the effect of the Chocó jet stream causing even more precipitation.
		During the early Holocene the more northerly position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) brought more precipitation to the north of South America, including Fúquene.
	www.aslo.org /phd/dialog/200310-9.html (638 words)

	EO Study: El Nino's Extended Family Introduction
		Their names are generally unoriginal—the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) oscillation, the warm pool oscillation and so on.
		When these weather patterns change, driven by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, extended droughts can leave the tropical rainforest vulnerable to outbreaks of fire.
		The North Atlantic Oscillation will be the first in the series, followed by the warm pool oscillation and the Intertropical Convergence Zone oscillation.
	eob.gsfc.nasa.gov /Study/Oscillations (1499 words)

	DISCCRS Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone in Tropical Atlantic climate variability
		The dominant interannual variability in tropical Atlantic precipitation is the variation in the southward excursion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during boreal spring.
		This variability is intimately related to variations in the meridional gradient of tropical Atlantic near-equatorial sea surface temperature (SST), and to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
	www.aslo.org /phd/disccrs/200101-1.html (352 words)

	Strahler Companion Ch. 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This chapter focuses on the climates that are found between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn.
		occupy the equatorial zone, much of the tropical zone and some of the subtropical zone.
		are influenced by the intertropical convergence zone, tropical easterly wind systems and the subtropical high-pressure cells.
	www.wiley.com /college/strahler/sc/strach8.html (548 words)

	Cloud Dynamics, Precipitation, Storms
		Ground based observations at Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands are being used to validate and understand the satellite observations.
		Shipborne radar is being used to study precipitation in the Indian Monsoon and the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
		A project is planned to use aircraft radar data to study rainband/eyewall interactions in hurricanes.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /academic/clouddynamics.html (211 words)

	A Flickering Light: Life In The Intertropical Convergence Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Even my Shostakovich project is dragging pathetically - the copy of the sheet music of the Preludes and Fugues I had at my parents' has mysteriously disappeared, and I've failed to organize myself sufficiently to visit a piano showroom since fixing on the idea.
		There are moments of brightness amid the gloom, of course - as befits a zone where rain is common, but where the cloudiness is "never complete, always broken up by blue sky" - and I have in no way lost sight of my immense good fortune in virtually every aspect of my life.
		Ah, Waterhot, I won't patronise you by talking about Frühlingsmüdigkeit, recognised as a bona fide medical condition by the wonderful Germans for which homeopathic and prescription remedies are available.
	www.aflickeringlight.com /2005/04/life_in_the_int.html (3201 words)

	Earth News: The Intertropical Convergence Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is the region that circles the Earth, near the equator, where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.
		The intense sun and warm water of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, raising its humidity and causing it to rise.
		You can log in now using this convenient form or you can create a new account.
	www.redtailcanyon.com /items/301245.aspx (199 words)

	SEASONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Weather systems likely to affect the country are the tail end of the cold front, easterly wave, Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and ridge of high pressure area.
		Weather systems likely to affect the country are the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), ridge of the high pressure area and the southwest monsoon.
		Two (2) or three (3) tropical cyclones are likely to develop within the PAR.
	www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph /cab/outlook.htm (775 words)

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