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Topic: Interurbans

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	HIGH SPEED INTERURBAN TROLLEYS
		Because the interurban trolleys had powerful electric motors, and were able to accelerate to top speed much more rapidly than a steam locomotive, they were able to maintain faster schedules than the steam railroads could between two cities.
		Even though the interurban trolleys quite often made more frequent stops in rural areas, than the steam railroads did, the interurbans could still maintain a faster schedule, because of their ability to accelerate more rapidly.
		Interurban trolleys, entered many of the cities and towns along their lines, directly over the rails of the local trolley line in each city or town.
	www.trolleystop.com /interurban.htm (1260 words)

	Interurbans
		Closest to the typical Midwestern interurban was the Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad.
		Opened in 1909 as a marginal line between the Chicago neighborhood of Kensington, and South Bend, Indiana, its success was assured in the 1920s when it was rebuilt and obtained access to the Loop via the electrified Illinois Central Railroad.
		The old familiar orange interurban cars were replaced in the 1980s, and since 1990 the line has been operated by the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/648.html (353 words)

	Indiana Historical Society
		The investment in the traction terminal building was a material symbol of the interurbans’ impact on the economy and society of Indianapolis.
		The interurbans linked the capital with many of the Hoosier State’s smaller cities, towns, and villages that were either bypassed completely by the steam railroads or were served only occasionally and at inconvenient times.
		A little more than a year later the interurban to Martinsville was opened to the public on 2 August 1902; an interurban to Shelbyville began service on 12 September 1902; and the line to Plainfield began service on 15 September 1902.
	www.indianahistory.org /ihs_press/web_publications/railroad/smerk.html (1624 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE WRONG TRACK
		Interurbans were basically a cross between the streetcar and the railroad: small (usually single-car) electric-powered trains that ran in frequent service, with many stops, mainly between medium-size cities.
		Most interurbans were almost entirely limited to local passenger service, at which the automobile soon offered overwhelming advantages: it was faster and cheaper, made fewer stops, traveled point to point, and was available at a moment’s notice, day or night.
		To those who loved the interurbans, there is a thrill in spotting the old substation in Almont, Michigan, which until recently served as a church, or seeing the interurban station in Clarksville, West Virginia, still handling the dwindling passenger counts of Greyhound bus lines.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/it/1993/4/1993_4_46.shtml (2816 words)

	Manitoba Pageant: The Interurbans of Winnipeg
		The interurban electric railway was a hybrid form of transportation which flourished through much of North America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
		The interurbans linked the communities they served to Winnipeg with a service which was much more frequent with more stops than the steam railroads provided and yet was still fast and reliable.
		Although not all people possessed automobiles, the proportion who did meant that the interurban railway, with its private roadbed and the costs associated with maintaining a roadbed solely for one user, was no longer an economically viable proposition.
	www.mhs.mb.ca /docs/pageant/21/interurbans.shtml (955 words)

	Detroit Panorama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interurban cars were electric streetcars that ran long-distance routes.
		The Interurban right-of-way is to the left, on the east side of the street.
		While the interurban routes averaged less than 60 miles, the system was so widespread by 1919 that it was possible (theoretically) to go to Toledo and Cleveland and from those places connect to other Midwestern cities.
	www.merit.edu /~jimmoran/detphot/intu.html (586 words)

	Interurban (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		'''Interurban''' was the name used to describe a streetcar line connecting urban areas, primarily during the early 1900s.
		By the 1930s the interurban passenger street cars began to disappear, although some of their rail lines were converted from electric traction to the carriage of freight drawn by steam engines.
		In Brisbane CityTrain operates a smaller interurban commuter network of three lines which connect Brisbane to the Gold Coast in the south, the Sunshine Coast in the north and Rosewood in the west.
	interurban.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (648 words)

	BACKTRACKING
		The particular Interurban was the one that connected Galesburg and Abingdon.
		The interurban trolley from Abingdon to Galesburg, it is told, stopped at every cross road between Galesburg and Abingdon to pickup whomever needed to be somewhere else.
		The old interurban tracks were a bit of a problem for the cars of the day with their steering mechanisms and narrow fragile tires.
	www.thezephyr.com /backtrack/interurbans.htm (1400 words)

	The Last Interurbans
		Interurban cars were usually intermediate in size between city streetcars and railroad coaches.
		Beginning in the 1920s, the interurbans began to disappear, as automobiles became more common and roads were improved.
		Following is a list of interurbans that continued passenger service into the 1950s, plus two that still operates electric freight service, although they gave up passenger service much earlier.
	web.presby.edu /~jtbell/transit/last-interurbans.html (386 words)

	wisconsin trolleys 1
		Connected by interurban line to Walworth, WI and Harvard, IL from July 4, 1898 to the summer of 1931.
		Served by interurbans of the Milwaukee Northern Rwy (later TMERandL) Sept. 22, 1908 to Sept. 23, 1940.
		interurbans from Sept. 2, 1906 to Jan. 21, 1963.
	www.trainweb.org /twerhs/wisctrolleys.html (1353 words)

	How Interurbans Operated
		The interurban electric railway typically drew its power from an overhead wire supplying about 600 V DC that was produced by rotary converters fed by high-voltage AC feeders.
		Interurban cars were not heavy enough to polish the track as a steam locomotive would, and so were susceptible to leaves on the track and frost.
		Interurbans developed from city street railways, where operation was simple due to low speeds, double track and regular schedules.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/interop.htm (6753 words)

	Lesson 22 - Teaching Cleveland: Grades 9-12
		To familiarize students with the streetcar and interurban systems which provided cheap and efficient transportation for Cleveland residents at the turn of the century.
		Why were streetcars and interurbans an important means of transportation for the ordinary Clevelander at the turn of the century.
		Distribute copies of the interurban schedule and the accompanying worksheet to the students in the class.
	www.nhlink.net /education/teaching/hs/hs22.htm (335 words)

	The Oakland Press: Columnists: Interurbans were fine at the time but unneeded now
		Most of the interurban service, which included freight, was put in place in the first decade of the 20th century.
		The interurban's life cycle was the shortest of any major industry's.
		Peak ridership was in 1947, a decade after the last gasp of the interurbans.
	www.theoaklandpress.com /stories/112104/col_20041121001.shtml (690 words)

	Interurbans (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interurbans provided not only transport, but also were the earliest sources of electric power outside of large cities.
		The primary reason for the disappearance of interurbans is that their local traffic was almost completely absorbed by the individual motor car and the local delivery truck on paved roads, which gave door-to-door service under the complete control of the individual.
		It was possible for the interurban to do this because of the regular-interval schedules, and the short distances between terminals, which meant that the cars could usually keep pretty well to schedule, meeting regularly at the same places at the same times.
	www.du.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~jcalvert/railway/trolley.htm (13488 words)

	CHICAGO INTERURBANS PAGE
		The three major interurbans entering Chicago were not typical interurban lines, enabling them to survive well beyond the 1930's, when most interurban lines were abandoned.
		The more traditional interurban lines were more local in nature, and were basically extensions of city streetcar lines into the country, and on to other cities.
		Beyond the Midwest, the development of interurban lines was generally quite fragmented, except in the densely populated northeastern United States, where many local electric railways existed and interconnected.
	members.aol.com /metrafan/interxma.html (451 words)

	Free Congress Foundation Online ---
		Interurbans were electric-rail cars that operated on a regional basis, connecting small towns to nearby cities, cities to suburbs and provided service throughout entire metropolitan regions.
		Yet most Interurban systems were torn out between the 1930s and the 1960s because governments were not willing to invest the funds to preserve and modernize them.
		In many cases Interurbans could use existing rail lines or right of ways many of which are abandoned or run along freeway right of ways.
	www.trolleycar.org /observations/danieljennings/jennings010919.htm (970 words)

	Indiana Historical Society
		Indiana and its neighboring states of Ohio and Illinois were the center of the interurban industry in the United States from the turn of the twentieth century to the Great Depression.
		Travel was revolutionized, and the interurbans led in the development of the twentieth-century tourism industry.
		The Economic and Social Impact of the Electric Interurban Railways on Indianapolis: A Sketch for a Portrait
	www.indianahistory.org /ihs_press/web_publications/railroad/index.html (333 words)

	OB&E - About
		Interurbans in the East Bay are especially interesting because they are gone and yet there is so much to explore about them.
		Unlike buses, the interurbans were permanent so people trusted that they could rely on them.
		Strangely, only about 10 years after the interurbans disappeared, a new system, BART was put in to replicate the lost Key System, the IER and the parts of the Sacramento Northern.
	rail.blu-streak.com /about.php (601 words)

	Ohio's Interurbans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Urban and interurban electric railway systems flourished during the 1890s and 1900s.
		Interurbans were generally powered by electricity and emphasized passenger service; unlike railroads, they carried little freight.
		The chief reason for this rapid decline was the automobile which replaced the interurban as the chief mode of intercity transportation.
	knorek.com /RR/Ohio/History/interurban.htm (345 words)

	The Rolling Stock Collections Report - Interurbans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The only major types of interurban passenger cars missing in the collection are the very earliest (1890's) which were scrapped, and the latest (c.
		Example of a heavy steel interurban car, this was a prototype car and the LandPS a prototype railway for the proposed Radial Railway network throughout Ontario as put forth by Sir Adam Beck and Ontario Hydro.
		This is a true wooden interurban car as opposed to the smaller suburban cars such as 104.
	www.exporail.org /collection/collection_inter_ang.htm (730 words)

	Interurbans
		By far the most beautiful and elegant pieces of rolling stock to ever work for the TS were its 3 Jewett interurban cars.
		They also had a brief life, as the railroad saw the writing on the wall in the late 1920's and banished interurban passenger service in 1932.
		The interurban cars appear to have taken over in late 1913.
	tidewatersouthern.com /contents/motivepower/Interurbans/interurbans.htm (311 words)

	Cincinnati Streetcars, Interurbans, and Railroads
		Of course, all the interurbans and streetcars are gone.
		Cincinnati Transit List and brief history of Cincinnati's streetcar and interurban lines, and when they were abandoned/converted to trolley buses.
		Interurban Railways in Ohio List and brief history of Ohio's interurban railroads.
	homepage.mac.com /jjakucyk/Transit1 (1944 words)

	Michigan Historical Marker: Michigan's Interurbans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Michigan's first interurban, the Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor began operating in 1890.
		In a few years a network of interurbans was built in southern Micigan.
		But the automobile, bus and truck put the interurbans out of business in Michigan in the 1920's.
	www.michmarkers.com /Pages/S0128.htm (130 words)

	Milan's Interurbans (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Both groups of "Bloccati" were used on the interurbans out of Adda to the towns of Vimercate, Vaprio and Cassano in the northeast suburbs.
		A visit and ride on Milan's interurbans, featuring single-track, side-of-the-road operation with passing sidings and frequent meets, is well worth the effort--even if one has to reach the beginning of the Limbiate route by motor coach!
		In bustling Milan, this is a remnant of a bygone era, with all the charm associated with such an operation.
	world.nycsubway.org.cob-web.org:8888 /eu/it/milaninterurban.html (830 words)

	Interurbans in the Chicago Region (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interurbans in the Chicago Region (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu)
		Within two decades, most of the interurbans succumbed to competition from autos and from faster steam railroads forced by state regulations to lower their fares.
		Three lines radiating from downtown Chicago became major commuter lines, but they faced the dismal economics of commuter transport earlier than the steam railroads, which had other operations to subsidize them.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.cob-web.org:8888 /pages/3719.html (161 words)

	Indiana’s Interurbans and Trolleys Horizontal 1 Rev1 History Print
		Interurban construction projects began around the turn of the century in Indiana; by the 1920s most areas of the state were being serviced.
		The rapid rise of the interurban system can be attributed in large part to its convenience and speed; the decline can be attributed primarily to the convenience and speed of the automobile.
		The postcard images show scenes from some of the cities and towns in central Indiana that were served by the interurban system.
	www.countyhistory.com /historyprints/trolley.htm (526 words)

	Interurbans
		Interurban stops were usually around a mile apart, and cars stopped on signal at each one.
		Interurban turnouts were usually manually operated split switches as on steam roads, with targets to show when a switch was open.
		More elaborate controlled signal lights might have white, green and red lights (these were the usual colors for clear, caution and stop on steam railways before 1900, and were often retained on interurbans after the general adoption of green for clear and yellow for caution).
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/trolley.htm (13488 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Interurbans were large rail cars whereas trolleys or streetcars were smaller.
		This definitive history re-creates one of the most colorful yet neglected eras in American transportation history–the electric interurbans.
		Built with the idea of attracting short-distance passenger traffic and light freight, the interurbans were largely constructed in the early 1900s.
	www.redrosestudio.com /Railroads.html (94 words)

	Indiana’s Interurbans and Trolleys Horizontal 2 History Print
		The interurban system covered much of the state and, before the advent of the automobile, provided an important means of transportation for Hoosiers.
		Hundreds of cities and towns across the state were served by the system and several of them had interurban stations.
		Scores of these photographs were turned into postcard images and today Indiana interurban postcards are among the most collectible of the early postcards.
	www.countyhistory.com /historyprints/trolley2.htm (458 words)

	Interurban - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The South Shore Electric Line running from Millennium Station in Chicago to South Bend, Indiana is all that remains of Samuel Insul's once-great inter-urban empire.
		Catharines and Niagara Central Railway, the first interurban line in the world started operations.
		Not only was this the first interurban line in the world, but it was also one of the first commercially successful implementations of electric streetcars in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interurban (2019 words)

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