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Topic: Intonation

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	Intonation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intonation is a term used to cover particular uses of tones in linguistics and music.
		For a guitar, intonation refers to the length of the strings relative to the position of the frets.
		Intonation can typically be adjusted through changing the bridge position (in effect changing the string length) and also by changing the neck angle (by adjusting the truss rod) or by changing the weight of the strings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intonation (492 words)

	Guitar Intonation - part one - free guitar lesson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intonation is the guitar’s ability to stay in tune for the entire length of the fret board.
		Okay, the 12th fret of the fingerboard is the middle of the scale.
		On most guitars, intonation can be adjusted at the bridge, and with the adjustable truss rod inside the neck.
	www.blguitar.com /lesson/intermediate/intonation.html (378 words)

	Just intonation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the explicit use of just intonation fell out of favour concurrently with the increasing use of instrumental accompaniment (with its attendant constraints on pitch), most good ensembles naturally tend toward such singing when performing a cappella.
		His tuning system was in fact schismatic temperament, which is indeed capable of far closer approximations to just intonation consonances than 12-note equal temperament or even meantone temperament, but still alters the pure ratios of just intonation slightly in order to achieve a simpler and more flexible system than true just intonation.
		Music written in just intonation is most often tonal but need not be; some music of Kraig Grady uses just intonation scales designed by Erv Wilson explicitly for a consonant form of atonality, and Ben Johnston's Sonata for Microtonal Piano (1964) uses serialism to achieve an atonal result.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Just_intonation (1815 words)

	Fender Players Club - Setting Intonation
		Setting the intonation refers to the adjustment of the strings' lengths to compensate for their stretching when they are fretted.
		If the strings did not stretch when pushed down to fret notes, the intonation would be perfectly set with the bridge saddle(s) located at precisely twice the distance from the nut as the middle of the 12th fret is from the nut.
		The actual intonation consists of setting the bridge saddles so that the note produced at the 12th fret is an exact octave of the open string.
	www.fenderplayersclub.com /front_office/intonation.htm (737 words)

	American Accent Training - Intonation
		Intonation in American English is the rise and fall of pitch in order to convey a range of meanings, emotions or situations, within the confines of standard grammar and fixed word order.
		An extremely important part of intonation is compound nouns and complex verb tenses.
		This is an extremely important aspect of intonation, as it goes beyond what you are trying to say--it dictates how your listener will relate to you as an individual--if you will be considered charming or rude, confident or nervous, informed or unfamiliar.
	www.americanaccent.com /intonation.html (1093 words)

	The Just Intonation Primer
		Just Intonation can give rise to new styles and forms of music which, although truly innovative, are, unlike those created by the proponents of the various "avant-garde-isms" of this century, comprehensible to the ear of the listener as well as to the intellects of the composer and analyst.
		Unfortunately, the proposals of Helmholtz and the other intonational reformers of the nineteenth century appear to have had no detectable effect on contemporary musical practice, although Helmholtz's work, in particular, was to have a significant influence on musicians of subsequent generations.
		Whereas in previous centuries the goal of most intonational theorists was to find the ideal or most practical tuning for a culturally predominant scale, such as a major, minor, or chromatic scale, the approach of twentieth century composers and theorists working with Just Intonation, as exemplified by Partch, has been quite different.
	www.justintonation.net /primer2.html (4881 words)

	Intonation \| Guitar Columns @ Ultimate-Guitar.Com
		I have found that the intonation is more accurate (to my ear) by comparing the open string to the fretted note at the 24th fret.
		The intonation is still sharp/flat and you have adjusted the saddles as far as they will go, then there is no option left but to make an adjustment by removing the saddle and moving it in the correct direction a couple of millimetres or so.
		For example, the intonation between 2 and 14 on my floyd rose is intonated, but the open and 12th are not, so this is not always the way to go.
	www.ultimate-guitar.com /columns/gear_maintenance/intonation.html (2557 words)

	What is JUST INTONATION? (short version)
		JUST INTONATION is any system of tuning in which all of the intervals can be represented by ratios of whole numbers, with a strongly-implied preference for the smallest numbers compatible with a given musical purpose.
		Just Intonation is not, however, simply a tool for improving the consonance of existing musics; ultimately, it is a method for understanding and navigating through the boundless reaches of the pitch continuum—a method that transcends the musical practices of any particular culture.
		Twelve-tone equal temperament was ultimately adopted because it provided the greatest facility for transposition and modulation with the smallest number of tones, and because it made all of the intervals of a given type equally out of tune, thus avoiding the contrast between in-tune and out-of-tune intervals that characterized some earlier temperaments.
	www.justintonation.net /whatisji.html (716 words)

	Intonation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intonation is an area that requires a good musician to keep his mind and ears open.
		I consider the use of just intonation in the ensemble to be absolutely paramount to tempered tuning, but the extent to which one alters pitch can be an issue of taste.
		Intonation problems such as you describe can be the result of a few things.
	www.woodwind.org /clarinet/Equipment/Intonation.html (2748 words)

	Review of "Intonation Systems"
		As intonation research is still in its toddler years, their project was not a typological relevant overview of the world's intonation systems, but rather a first step towards comparison of intonation systems.
		Intonation Units tend to be not more than eight words long, causing longer syntactic units to break into up to eight words long Intonation Units, only in WH-questions breaking is restricted.
		Yet intonation contours seem to be a bit more "cautiously used" in Vietnamese than in other languages, including Thai: In questions, e.g., there is normal declination until the proximity of the sentence final question marker, where the rise begins; the overall register is yet higher than in declaratives.
	www.linguist.de /reese/intonation-brief.html (3047 words)

	LLT Journal: Signal Analysis Software for Teaching Discourse Intonation
		Intonation is said to be among the first aspects of speech that human infants attend to, react to, and produce themselves (Lieberman, 1986).
		Intonation, comprised of the so-called suprasegmentals, had not been as extensively researched theoretically or acoustically and was considered a "luxury" in terms of teaching.
		The Intonation Meter displays pitch contours produced by the foreign language teacher on the upper part of a computer screen, and the student's attempted imitation is shown on the lower part of the screen.
	llt.msu.edu /vol2num1/article4 (5977 words)

	biology - Intonation
		Intonation is the variation of tone used when speaking.
		Intonation and Vocal stress are the two elements of (linguistic) prosody.
		Rising intonation means the pitch of the voice goes up; falling intonation means that the pitch goes down.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Intonation (303 words)

	Just Intonation
		Just Intonation (or JI) uses the actual uncompromised intervals which our ears perceive to be consonant. ; In short, small whole number ratios. The table on the right lists of most of the intervals that our ears hear as consonant. ; Specifically, the simplest 13 odd-limit ratios within an octave and their inversions.
		The ear will "correct" for small deviations from consonant intervals, thus 301/200 will be heard as a slightly out of tune 3/2 and still sound consonant. ; Consonant ratios generally involve numerators and denominators which are multiples of primes no greater than 13 but the definition seems to vary a bit from person to person.
		Designing just intonation scales is particularly fun for people who enjoy playing with numbers, particularly integers, and their relationships to each other in terms of ratios, powers, and common divisors.
	www.organicdesign.org /peterson/tuning/ji.html (603 words)

	intonation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Setting the intonation is key to a guitar’s performance.
		In theory, the frets should always be at a perfect "Crown," but in reality no one can crown their frets every weekend, so most people play around it until they are just spent.
		What typically happens is the player starts to hear things buzz so he or she raises the bridge to accommodate raising the action and throwing the intonation further out.
	www.hillinstruments.com /intonation.htm (490 words)

	i n t o n a t i o n p r o d u c t i o n s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Intonation were approached by a song-writer to produce a New Orleans hurricane charity single called "People Of New Orleans".
		Intonation artist the new freedom and Mardo El-noor are one of 6 finalists in the Export Gold music competition with their track 'Habibi'.
		Intonation songs have been announced as a finalist in the Unisong 2004 songwriting competition and as a semi-finalist in the International...
	www.intonationproductions.com (331 words)

	Precise Intonation
		It will explain what intonation is and give information and exercises that will enable everyone to work to 1) hear exactly what is and what is not in tune, and 2) greatly improve their intonation while performing.
		Poor intonation would result if one of the notes were at a slightly different pitch and frequency.
		After improving their intonation, musicians often find that pieces that have never gone well are suddenly presentable.
	www.heincomputing.com /precise2.htm (6138 words)

	Home Page
		The Intonation Tutor is a multi-media device designed to assist musicians with the improvement of performance intonation through play-along ear training exercises and written text that explains the principles of musical intonation.
		The Intonation Tutor is available for trombonists and other musicians whose instruments or voices have a similar tessitura such as euphonium, bassoon, 'cello, or bass/baritone voice.
		This is accomplished by the use of movable-comma just intonation that allows just intervals to be present at all times in a manner that performers try to achieve while playing in an ensemble.
	www.keener-music.com (341 words)

	Ask the Luthier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In this series of articles, I'd like to present an overview of these intonation topics, summarize the Healdsburg intonation seminar and to suggest a method for tuning guitars once they are properly intonated.
		To understand the intonation problems common to all instruments, let's first look at the origin of the twelve-tone chromatic scale and the diatonic Major scale we select from those twelve tones to make the vast majority of music.
		In Intonation II, I'll describe the main temperaments and their corresponding musical periods.
	www.doolinguitars.com /intonation/intonation1.html (577 words)

	guitar string protection; extend guitar strings life; affordable guitar string care
		Intonation is the overall "tuning" of a guitar.
		Intonation can be affected by these changes and more.
		Make sure the string you are checking intonation for is in tune open before you check it at the 12th fret.
	www.stringlife.com /may2001.htm (502 words)

	INTONATION MODELS
		In the past, the attitudinal function of intonation was the main feature of intonation model taught to students of English as a foreign language.
		Discourse intonation (DI) is a theory of intonation which relates ‘stress’, ‘tone’, and ‘pitch height’ to categories of meaning.
		Discourse intonation, as proposed by David Brazil, attempts to make the simplest possible description, and it attempts to adopt the language user’s, not the linguist’s perspective: contextual factors are of paramount importance, and the speaker’s perceptions are central.
	www2.arnes.si /~nhirci/articles/intonat.htm (2368 words)

	Intonation
		The purpose of this article is to shed some light on the physical intonation variables–the variables under the control of luthiers–in classical guitars in a way which is accessible to guitarists and luthiers alike.
		Assuming fret spacing is accurate, the second important variable affecting intonation is the stretching of the string which occurs when a note is fretted.
		If a guitar is adjusted for intonation with fully stretched-out strings and then played immediately after re-stringing with brand new strings, it will sound a little flat, particularly when played in higher positions.
	www.pjguitar.com /article1.htm (1832 words)

	INTONATION, A=440, Tuning Devices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		THAT, in the global sense, is INTONATION (in fact: pitch, articulation, stress, tempo).
		They can tell if an infant is in need or not by the intonation of its cry, or if a friend is well or not just by the way the phone is answered with a single "hello", if the family dog is barking to be let back into the house or barking in alarm.
		The point is that there is a lot more 'good intonation" in a chorus, band or orchestra than revealed by the quality of the singing or playing.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~museyadz/tuning.html (400 words)

	just intonation - microtonal musical tuning system and scale
		Just Intonation is not, however, simply a tool for improving the consonance of existing musics; ultimately, it is a method for understanding and navigating through the boundless reaches of the pitch continuum -- a method that transcends the musical practices of any particular culture.
		In Pythagorean intonation the whole tone normally has the ratio 9:8 (obtained by dividing the ratio of the 5th by that of the 4th), and so the major 3rd has the ratio 81:64 (obtained by squaring 9:8).
		In 1581 Vincenzo Galilei, a former pupil of Zarlino, denied that just intonation was used in vocal music, and asserted that the singers' major 3rd is contained in an irrational proportion rather close to 5:4 and that their whole tones made two equal parts of the said 3rd.
	tonalsoft.com /enc/j/just.aspx (4406 words)

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