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Topic: Intracellular

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Extracellular

Extracellular fluid

Interstitial fluid

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Serotonin

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	Amazon.com: intracellular (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intracellular Pathogens in Membrane Interactions and Vacuole Biogenesis (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit) by Jean-Pierre Gorvel (Hardcover - Jan 31, 2004)
		Intracellular Protein Degradation (Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology) by A.J. Rivett (Hardcover - Dec 1, 1998)
		Intracellular pH and its Measurement by Arnost Kotyk and Jan Slavik (Hardcover - April 30, 1989)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=intracellular&index=blended&page=1 (944 words)

	Diabetes: Intracellular pH plays a critical role in gluco... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intracellular alkalinization was produced, where indicated, by 1) increasing the medium pH to 8.3, 2) adding 5 mmol/l ammonium chloride to the medium, or 3) substituting the [Cl.sup.-] in the medium with [gluconate.sup.-].
		In rat islets, glucose-induced increase in intracellular pH was reversed by the absence of HC[O.sub.3.sup.-] (11).
		The importance of intracellular pH in the induction of priming by glucose is not surprising, considering all of the documented effects of intracellular pH on nutrient-induced acute insulin release.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:82320710&... (5591 words)

	Stimulation of the Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE1 by Sustained Intracellular Acidosis: EVIDENCE FOR A NOVEL ...
		In the sustained acidosis groups, the duration of intracellular acidosis during the second acid pulse was regulated by initial washout of NH Cl with Na -free solution (see Fig.
		In the sustained acidosis groups, the duration of intracellular acidosis during the second acid pulse was extended to 3 min by initial washout of NH Cl with Na -free solution.
		Intracellular acidosis activates the ERK pathway in a time-dependent manner in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/34/31676 (4867 words)

	Fluoromicroscopic Studies of Bleomycin-induced Intracellular Oxidation in Alveolar Macrophages and Its Inhibition by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Both the intracellular oxidation and calcium rise induced by internalized bleomycin are inhibited by pretreatment of cells with varying concentrations of taurine (25, 125, and 187.5 µM).
		The ratio of fluorescence excited at 340 nm to that at 380 nm was used as an indicator of the intracellular calcium rise in response to stimulation by 4 µg/ml bleomycin in the control and taurine-treated cells.
		The bleomycin-mediated intracellular oxidation is Fe -dependent and occurs in the absence of extracellular Fe This suggests that the internalization of bleomycin is required for the observed oxidation.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-10/bhat-full.html (4799 words)

	Relationship of intracellular calcium to dependence on nerve growth factor in dorsal root ganglion neurons in cell ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This elevation of intracellular calcium was directly related to the absolute age of the neurons, not to the length of time in culture.
		In another paradigm, measurements of intracellular calcium were determined in NGF-dependent neurons "committed to die" after NGF withdrawal.
		No elevation in intracellular calcium was found in these dying neurons, but rather, a small decrease was observed prior to the disintegration of the neurons.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1727434.html (254 words)

	Imaging of intracellular calcium stores in single permeabilized lens cells -- Churchill and Louis 276 (2): 426 -- AJP - ...
		Intracellular Ca stores in permeabilized sheep lens cells were imaged with mag-fura 2 to characterize their distribution and
		Three intracellular regions used to obtain traces in A and D are indicated and correspond to nuclear (circles), juxtanuclear (triangles), and cytoplasmic (squares) regions.
		Changes in mag-fura 2 fluorescence ratio of 2 intracellular regions after addition of 1 µM thapsigargin, 100 µM 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 10 µM ionomycin are indicated by arrows.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/2/C426 (4456 words)

	Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus: A mechanism for the indolence of osteomyelitis
		In previous studies, the membrane of the osteoblast was lysed with detergent and intracellular pathogens were removed.
		Our aim therefore was to document the fate of the intracellular bacteria after a more natural cause of death of osteoblasts, creating a process which reflected the clinical situation more closely.
		After either detergent lysis or death of osteoblasts via trypsinisation, previously intracellular bacteria were harvested and grown overnight to achieve equivalent numbers for infection and then used to infect other sterile osteoblast cultures.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200308/ai_n9239126 (1103 words)

	Intracellular Recordings - Research Application (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intracellular recording techniques are used to record absolute resting membrane potentials, intracellular potentials and evoked potentials.
		The Intracellular Preamplifier from Dagan is a single channel microelectrode preamplifier designed for various applications including: intracellular recordings; extracellular recordings; and, teaching applications.
		Adult rats (250–300 gm) were used to investigate whisker-evoked EPSPs in anesthetized animals………Extracellular and/or intracellular recordings were obtained from VPM and PR5 neurons and from primary afferent axons in the vicinity of the PR5 nucleus.
	www.adinstruments.com /research/rapps/intracellular.html (857 words)

	Kiger, John Andrew (1968-05-20) The transcription of simple and complex DNAs by the RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. ...
		Part II of this thesis is a study of the structure and replication of intracellular phage lambda DNA.
		Experiments on the fractionation of replicating intracellular lambda DNA by chromatography on benzoylated-naphthoylated DEAE cellulose (BNC) are presented in Chapter 2.
		Intracellular lambda DNA is labeled following induction and mitomycin C treatment (to suppress host DNA synthesis) of lysogens and the purified DNA is adsorbed to BNC.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-09242002-102646 (732 words)

	Lawrence S. B. Goldstein
		Summary: Lawrence Goldstein is interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms of intracellular movement in neurons and the role of transport failure in neurodegenerative diseases.
		Because of their large size and highly extended morphology, neurons incur a substantial burden of intracellular movement and transport.
		Previous work revealed that most intracellular movement in neurons is generated by motor proteins such as kinesin, dynein, or myosin.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/goldstein.html (940 words)

	Use of Aminoglycosides in Treatment of Infections Due to Intracellular Bacteria -- Maurin and Raoult 45 (11): 2977 -- ...
		Intracellular microorganisms are referred to as strictly intracellular when they only multiply within eukaryotic cells and
		pestis, the etiological agent of plague, is a gram-negative, facultatively intracellular bacterium (127, 167).
		The entry and intracellular multiplication of Francisella tularensis in cultured cells: its correlation with virulence in experimental mice.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/45/11/2977 (5446 words)

	Identification of Linked Legionella pneumophila Genes Essential for Intracellular Growth and Evasion of the Endocytic ...
		Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of Legionnaires' pneumonia.
		Mutants HL1400 and HL1000 are complemented for intracellular growth by the dotO gene in trans.
		Genetics and molecular pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila, an intracellular parasite of macrophages.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/3/950 (6050 words)

	Intracellular and Intraalveolar Localization of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) in the Parenchymal Region of the Human Lung ...
		Intracellular and Intraalveolar Localization of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) in the Parenchymal Region of the Human Lung -- Ochs et al.
		Intracellular and Intraalveolar Localization of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) in the Parenchymal Region of the Human Lung
		Intracellular processing of pulmonary surfactant protein B in an endosomal/lysosomal compartment.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/1/91 (4769 words)

	Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein -- Geada et ...
		Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein -- Geada et al.
		Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein
		Vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions move to the cell periphery on microtubules in the absence of the A36R protein
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/11/2747 (914 words)

	Tularemia Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 2004, he was recruited to the NIH as a tenure-track Investigator in the Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites.
		The focus of our research is to understand the molecular mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens circumvent host defense mechanisms and, in particular, survive and replicate within mammalian cells.
		Essential to the pathogenesis of these intracellular bacteria is their ability to survive and replicate within macrophages of the host.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /dir/labs/licp/tularemia.htm (655 words)

	Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism - Abstract of article: Extracellular-Intracellular Distribution of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To determine the distribution of cerebral glucose and lactate between the intracellular and the extracellular space of the rat brain in vivo, the diffusion characteristic of glucose and lactate was compared with that of metabolites known to be mainly intracellular (N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate, myo-inositol, and taurine) using a pulsed-field-gradient
		At small diffusion weighting, the ADC of glucose and lactate was increased, which was explained by a decreased relative contribution of intracellular glucose to the total signal.
		The findings were direct in vivo evidence that the largest concentration gradient of glucose is at the blood-brain barrier and that glucose is evenly distributed in the brain in vivo between the intracellular and extracellular space.
	www.nature.com /jcbfm/journal/v20/n4/abs/9590930a.html (390 words)

	Regulation of AE2-mediated Cl- Transport by Intracellular or by Extracellular pH Requires Highly Conserved Amino Acid ...
		Regulation of intracellular pH by a neuronal homolog of the erythrocyte anion exchanger.
		Characterization of intracellular pH regulation in the guinea-pig ventricular myocyte.
		Regulation of AE2 anion exchanger by intracellular pH: critical regions of the NH -terminal cytoplasmic domain.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/120/5/707 (7219 words)

	Host Resistance to Intracellular Infection: Mutation of Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1 (Nramp1) ...
		Natural resistance to infection with intracellular pathogens: the Nramp1 protein is recruited to the membrane of the phagosome.
		Phagosomal acidification is mediated by a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase in murine macrophages.
		Intracellular fate of Mycobacterium avium: use of dual label spectrofluorimetry to investigate the influence of bacterial viability and opsonization on phagosomal pH and phagosome-lysosome interaction.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/188/2/351 (6827 words)

	Intracellular Cytokine Staining
		A modification of the basic immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis protocol can be used for the simultaneous analysis of surface molecules and intracellular cytokines at single-cell level.
		In this protocol, cells are first activated in vitro, stained for surface antigens, as in the regular staining protocol, then fixed and permeabilized to allow for anti-cytokine antibodies to stain intracellularly.
		In contrast to detection of secreted cytokines by ELISA, for detection of intracellular cytokines, it is necessary to block secretion of cytokines with reagents such as Monensin or Brefeldin A during the last few hours of the stimulation.
	www.ebioscience.com /ebioscience/appls/FCI.htm (833 words)

	Intracellular Localization of Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 in Adipocytes: Potential ...
		Intracellular Localization of Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 in Adipocytes: Potential Involvement of a Membrane Skeleton -- Clark et al.
		Intracellular Localization of Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 in Adipocytes: Potential Involvement of a Membrane Skeleton
		that receptor-mediated endocytosis and the trafficking of intracellular
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/140/5/1211 (8785 words)

	Magnesium Deficiency, Cardiac Risk Screening using Scanning Electron Microscopy: IntraCellular Diagnostics' EXAtest for ...
		EXA Test is a reliable method allowing you, the practitioner, to monitor and screen cellular mineral balance objectively and repeatedly as you follow your patient's metabolic physical status.
		IntraCellular Diagnostics, Inc. is a CLIA approved and Oregon State Licensed laboratory.
		Copyright ©2007 IntraCellular Diagnostics, Inc. All rights reserved.
	www.exatest.com (225 words)

	BCL-2 Expression or Antioxidants Prevent Hyperglycemia-induced Formation of Intracellular Advanced Glycation ...
		The intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species was detected by using the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate
		Bcl 2 expression in endothelial cells reduces the increase in intracellular AGEs induced by 30 mM glucose.
		intracellular ROS increased 2.5-fold, and that catalase in the
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/97/6/1422 (4593 words)

	Cell (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prokaryotes are distinguished from eukaryotes on the basis of nuclear organization, specifically their lack of a nuclear membrane.
		Prokaryotes also lack most of the intracellular organelles and structures that are characteristic of eukaryotic cells (an important exception is the ribosomes, which are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells).
		Most of the functions of organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi apparatus, are taken over by the prokaryotic plasma membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_(biology) (3668 words)

	ANTI-MICROBIAL TARGETING FOR INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tuberculosis is caused by an intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
		No method currently exists to precisely target the intracellular compartment in which the parasites associated with M.tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens, reside.
		Typically, parasites in the intracellular compartment, or phagosome, receive a much lower concentration of the antibiotic than what is administered systemically.
	www.research.ucla.edu /tech/ucla95-579.htm (224 words)

	CBER Research - OVRR - Karen Elkins, PhD, Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria
		The research in Dr. Elkins' laboratory concerns the fundamental mechanisms of protective immunity to intracellular pathogens, particularly intracellular bacteria.
		Collaborative projects include the study of host genes that control susceptibility to intracellular pathogens; the role of chemokines in responses to intracellular infections; interactions between B cells and natural killer cells; bacterial DNA as a therapy for bacterial infections; and development of DNA vaccines against herpes simplex virus.
		In vivo clearance of an intracellular bacterium, F. tularensis LVS, is dependent on the p40 subunit of IL12 but not on IL12 p70.
	www.fda.gov /cber/research/elkins.htm (684 words)

	Intracellular penetration and bactericidal activity of the novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, BMS-284756 -- Kolek et al. 48 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intracellular penetration and bactericidal activity of the novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, BMS-284756 -- Kolek et al.
		Intracellular penetration and bactericidal activity of the novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, BMS-284756
		Intracellular killing was carried out in the murine J774.1 macrophage
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/48/3/445 (600 words)

	Intracellular Trafficking of Gag and Env Proteins and Their Interactions Modulate Pseudotyping of Retroviruses -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intracellular Trafficking of Gag and Env Proteins and Their Interactions Modulate Pseudotyping of Retroviruses -- Sandrin et al.
		Interactions of the cytoplasmic domains of human and simian retroviral transmembrane proteins with components of the clathrin adaptor complexes modulate intracellular and cell surface expression of envelope glycoproteins.
		Identification of two intracellular mechanisms leading to reduced expression of oncoretrovirus envelope glycoproteins at the cell surface.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/13/7153 (7297 words)

	Intracellular cholesterol transport -- Maxfield and Wüstner 110 (7): 891 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		The intracellular trafficking pathways of cholesterol in hepatocytes
		Intracellular trafficking of cholesterol monitored with a cyclodextrin.
		Uittenbogaard, A., and Smart, E. Palmitoylation of caveolin-1 is required for cholesterol binding, chaperone complex formation, and rapid transport of cholesterol to caveolae.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/110/7/891 (5933 words)

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