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Topic: Intracranial hemorrhage

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	Intracranial hemorrhage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intracranial bleeding occurs when a blood vessel in the head is ruptured or leaks.
		Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency because the buildup of blood within the skull can lead to increases in intracranial pressure, which can crush delicate brain tissue or limit its blood supply.
		Epidural hemorrhage is caused by trauma, and results from laceration of an artery, most commonly the middle meningeal artery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intracranial_hemorrhage (421 words)

	Neurosurgery: Encyclopedia of Surgery
		Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (hemorrhage in the brain) is a condition characterized by hemorrhage in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) that results in a sudden onset of neurologically worsening symptoms (that include focal neurologic deficits and loss of consciousness).
		CT scans are helpful in identifying the intracranial hemorrhage, of which there are two types—subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma.
		CT scans are the best diagnostic tool for subarachnoid hemorrhage and are positive in the first 24 hours after the hemorrhage has been experienced in 90% of patients and in more than 50% in the first week.
	health.enotes.com /surgery-encyclopedia/neurosurgery (2128 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Intracerebral hemorrhage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head.
		The bleeding may be isolated to part of one hemisphere (lobar intracerebral hemorrhage) or it may occur in other brain structures, such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, pons, or cerebellum (deep intracerebral hemorrhage).
		An intracerebral hemorrhage can be caused by a traumatic brain injury or abnormalities of the blood vessels (aneurysm or angioma).
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/000796.html (758 words)

	Diagnosis of spontaneous subarachinoid hemorrhage American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Less common causes of primary subarachnoid hemorrhage are cavernous or venous angiomas, mycotic aneurysms, cortical thrombophlebitis and intracranial neoplasms (primary and metastatic).
		The subarachnoid component of such hemorrhages is generally of far less significance than the intraparenchymal constituent, and the latter dictates the clinical presentation, management and outcome in most cases.
		Intracranial aneurysms are rarely encountered before the third decade of life, reflecting the acquired nature of these lesions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n1_v55/ai_19051844 (739 words)

	hrombolytic Therapy Linked to Intracranial Hemorrhage - February 1, 2001 - American Family Physician
		Intracranial hemorrhage in trials of bolus versus infusion of thrombolytic agents.
		First, the increased risk of hemorrhage and the lack of benefit in terms of mortality and reinfarction are consistently reported and appear to be real effects.
		Third, intracranial hemorrhage is a significant event and not one that patients should be exposed to for little or no proven benefit.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20010201/tips/2.html (682 words)

	INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE ASSOCIATED WITH SPLENIC
		We present a case of a rare complication of intracranial hemorrhage associated with splenic sequestration in a five-year-old Saudi female child with sickle cell anemia, and provide a review of the literature.
		To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of intracranial hemorrhage in a child with sickle cell anemia to be reported from Saudi Arabia.
		This patient had a high level of hemoglobin F (30%), and in addition, she had multiple severe complications of sickle cell anemia, indicating that sickle cell with a high level of HbF is not always benign.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/213_214/00-220.htm (1472 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		Traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare, occurring in fewer than 1% of patients with cerebral aneurysms.
		These aneurysms can present in a variety of ways, but are typically associated with an acute episode of delayed intracranial hemorrhage with an average time from initial trauma to aneurysm hemorrhage of approximately 21 days.
		Ventureyra EC, Higgins MJ: Traumatic intracranial aneurysms in childhood and adolescence.
	www.aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/jan00/8-1-4.asp (1886 words)

	NHF \| MASAC Recommendation #77 \| Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage and Postpartum Hemorrhage
		Intracranial hemorrhage in the neonate with a bleeding disorder can cause permanent disability or death, especially if it is unrecognized and untreated.
		The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates with congenital bleeding disorders is unknown, as is the relationship to method of delivery.
		There is also a need for data to be collected on the incidence, method of delivery, and outcome of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in order to develop guidelines regarding the management of labor and delivery of infants of pregnant women with known or suspected bleeding disorders.
	www.hemophilia.org /research/masac/masac077.htm (613 words)

	[No title]
		Direct questioning of use of this medication in cases of unexplained intracranial hemorrhage in previously healthy young individuals may reveal an unsuspected high frequency of this association.
		For subdural hemorrhage, a term representing the square of the PTR was significant.
		Intracerebral hemorrhage is estimated to account for 10 to 15 percent of all strokes and to have a one-year mortality greater than 60 percent.2 In the Far East, intracerebral hemorrhage is even more common, accounting for almost 30 percent of strokes in China.3 Approximately 37,000 to 52,000 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage occur in the.
	www.lycos.com /info/hemorrhage--intracerebral-hemorrhage.html?page=3 (499 words)

	Recommendations for the Management of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations : A Statement for Healthcare ...
		The incidence and prevalence of intracranial vascular malformations
		Incidence and prevalence of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1965 to 1992.
		Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage as a presenting symptom and subtype analysis: a population-based study of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted County, Minnesota.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/6/1458 (6866 words)

	[No title]
		Patients whose bleedings were found to originate from a source other than an intracranial aneurysm—including primary intraparenchymal hemorrhages, arteriovenous malformations, trauma, and neoplasms—were excluded, but those in whom an aneurysm could not be identified were included.
		The goals of this study were to compare sonography with CT and MR imaging prospectively for the detection of intracranial ischemia or hemorrhage and to determine the prognostic value(s) of neuroimaging in neonates suspected of having hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII).
		Attempts have been made to correlate Terson syndrome with the intraocular hemorrhages seen in shaken baby syndrome because of the similarity in clinical findings in the eye and the brain, but acute tractional forces may be an additional factor contributing to the intraocular hemorrhage in the latter.
	www.lycos.com /info/hemorrhage--intracranial-hemorrhage.html?page=2 (288 words)

	Subdural hematomas
		In this type of hemorrhage the events of labor simply produce excessive molding of the calvarium with relatively sudden stretching and tearing of the superficial venous channels over the cerebral hemispheres or venous sinuses in the posterior fossa.
		Where an association between surfactant and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage was found, additional analyses were performed to attempt to identify intermediate physiologic events that might link administration of surfactant to the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage.
		A relationship between surfactant therapy and intracranial hemorrhage is probably not isolated to any particular surfactant preparation or method of delivery; studies comparing surfactants have shown no differences in rates of intracranial hemorrhage.
	www.vaccinetruth.org /shakenbaby/subdural_hematomas.htm (1357 words)

	074 EACTS Abstracts 1998 - RISK FACTORS FOR INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE IN ADULTS ON EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Objective: Intracranial hemorrhage is a recognised complication in neonates and infants on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support and various factors associated with this have been defined.
		The incidence and risk factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage in adults on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support are unknown and this study was performed to define these factors.
		Intracranial hemorrhage resulted in significant mortality (92.3% vs 61% in those with no intracranial hemorrhage, P = 0.027).
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/2501 (326 words)

	AllRefer Health - Intracerebral Hemorrhage (Hemorrhage - Intracerebral, Hypertensive Hemorrhage, Intracranial ...
		Intracerebral hemorrhage involves bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of an intracranial (within the head) blood vessel.
		The bleeding may be isolated to part of one cerebral hemisphere (lobar intracerebral hemorrhage) or it may occur in other brain structures, such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, pons, or cerebellum (deep intracerebral hemorrhage).
		Intracerebral hemorrhage can be caused by trauma (brain injury) or abnormalities of the blood vessels (aneurysm or angioma).
	health.allrefer.com /health/intracerebral-hemorrhage-info.html (564 words)

	Postnatal phenobarbitone for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
		Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth and large hemorrhages or hemorrhages associated with parenchymal brain lesions have a high rate of disability (Vohr 1989).
		Although ultrasound diagnosis of germinal matrix hemorrhage is not perfect with sensitivity of 61 % and specificity 78%, the diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage shows high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (81%) as does diagnosis of parenchymal hemorrhage (sensitivity 82 % and specificity 97%) (Hope 1988).
		Reduction in incidence of periventricular intraventricular hemorrhages in hypertensive newborn beagles pretreated with phenobarbital.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/whitelaw1/whitelaw.htm (5578 words)

	TheFetus.net - Brain, hemorrhage, germinal matrix -Gustavo Malinger, MD, Rama Katz, MD, Shlomo Amsel, MD, Gaby Gewurtz, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fifty to ninety percent of all intracranial hemorrhages are evident by the 12
		Germinal matrix hemorrhages are diagnosed by the presence of a zone of increased echogenicity at the level of the head of the caudate nucleus or the caudothalamic notch depicted in coronal and sagittal scans.
		The echogenic pattern of germinal matrix hemorrhage may be unilateral or bilateral and may compress the floor of the lateral ventricle.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=92 (1341 words)

	eMedicine - Intracranial Hemorrhage : Article by David S Liebeskind, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Subependymal hemorrhage or germinal matrix hemorrhage is primarily seen in premature infants.
		Lobar hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be preceded by prodromal symptoms of focal numbness, tingling, or weakness.
		Conventional T1 and T2 sequences are not highly sensitive to hemorrhage in the first few hours, but newer gradient refocused echo sequences appear to be able to detect ICH reliably within the first 1-2 hours of onset (see Images 2-3).
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic177.htm (3909 words)

	eMedicine - Intracranial Hemorrhage : Article Excerpt by: David S Liebeskind, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ie, the pathological accumulation of blood within the cranial vault) may occur within brain parenchyma or the surrounding meningeal spaces.
		Hemorrhage within the meninges or the associated potential spaces, including epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, is covered in detail in other articles.
		Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and extension of parenchymal bleeding into the ventricles (ie, intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH]) are detailed here.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/byname/intracranial-hemorrhage.htm (575 words)

	Intracranial Hemorrhage in Infants and Children With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome) ...
		Intracranial Hemorrhage in Infants and Children With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome) -- Morgan et al.
		MR of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: prevalence and spectrum of cerebrovascular malformations.
		Subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/109/1/e12 (3651 words)

	Prediction of 30-Day Mortality Among Patients With Thrombolysis-Related Intracranial Hemorrhage -- Sloan et al. 98 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CT patterns of intracranial hemorrhage complicating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
		Intracranial hemorrhage in association with thrombolytic therapy: incidence and clinical predictive factors.
		Intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subdural hematoma after acute myocardial infarction and thrombolytic therapy in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Study: TIMI Phase II, Pilot and Clinical Trial.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/98/14/1376 (2921 words)

	Radiology In Ped Emerg Med, Vol 5, Case 6
		When intracranial hypertension is suspected, an immediate CT scan should be obtained to assess the degree of ICP increase and to identify the cause of the this.
		The space may still be visible; however, with severe intracranial hypertension, the cistern is obliterated due to encroachment of brain tissue that normally forms the borders of the suprasellar cistern.
		Depending on the cause of the intracranial hypertension, the suprasellar cistern may be totally obliterated in global or severe ICP increase.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v5c06.html (1984 words)

	Intracranial Hemorrhage Less Severe in Patients with Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Presented at ANA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Choi and his co-investigators conducted the study because, in contrast to other causes of intracranial hemorrhage, there was a paucity of research regarding the outcomes in patients with hemorrhage due to untreated brain AVMs.
		They identified 241 patients who were evaluated clinically within 30 days after hemorrhage and compared their outcomes to those of 84 stroke survivors drawn from the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study (NOMAS).
		In the overall group of survivors, the median Rankin Scale score was 2 and the median NIHSS score was 1, with a mean of 4.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/2534b2.htm (636 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
		Terson's syndrome seems to be an anomaly of adults, with at least one study documenting that the maximal incidence of intraretinal hemorrhage in children with non-abuse intracranial hemorrhage (intracranial hemorrhage not associated with shaken baby syndrome) is 8%.
		Currently, sudden spiking of intracranial pressure occurring at the time of an intracranial bleed is recognized as the primary event that precipitates the intraocular bleeding.
		In suspected cases that do not have an established traumatic source of intracranial hemorrhage, emergency neuroimaging with either tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is indicated, as a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is the likely cause.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/March_2004/sec5_1.htm (763 words)

	NEJM -- Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
		Unruptured intracranial aneurysms -- risk of rupture and risks of surgical intervention.
		Morbidity and mortality from elective surgery for asymptomatic, unruptured, intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis.
		The incidence and prevalence of intracranial saccular aneurysms and hemorrhage in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1965 to 1995.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/340/18/1439-a (1879 words)

	Cerebral hemorrhage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These include increased blood pressure, unequal pupils, especially when one pupil is dilated and does not react to light, headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, and decorticate or decerebrate posturing (Yamamoto, 1996).
		Atherosclerosis, the main risk factor for ischemic stroke (Cicala 1999), also causes heart disease and arterial rupture, so the presence of arterial fatty deposits is a major risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke as well.
		AVM is a congenital condition that consists of a tangle of deformed blood vessels and capillaries with thin walls that can rupture (These malformations can cause subarachnoid hemorrhage but more commonly responsible for intracerebral bleeding (Weibers 2001).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage (1007 words)

	Ivascu, et al., Treatment of Trauma Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage on Pre-Injury Warfarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Medical records were reviewed for all patients in the Trauma Registry from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2002 taking pre-injury warfarin with CT scan evidence of intracranial hemorrhage; this time period corresponded to the initiation of a "Coumadin Protocol" which expedited triage of anticoagulated trauma patients to immediate evaluation by a physician.
		Thirty-five patients were identified in the Protocol with intracranial hemorrhage; Mean International Normalized Ratio (INR) was 3.3±2.0, mean time to initiation of warfarin reversal was 3.9±3.4 hours with a mortality of 37% (13 patients).
		We conclude from these data that a trauma center protocol for rapid identification of intracranial hemorrhage without a concomitant therapeutic protocol does not affect survival 'in head injured patients on pre-injury warfarin.
	www.aast.org /03abstracts/03absPoster_003.html (379 words)

	Risk for Intracranial Hemorrhage after Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment for Acute Myocardial Infarction -- ...
		The occurrence of primary intracranial hemorrhage was indicated
		The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage observed in this usual-care
		Intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and subdural hematoma after acute myocardial infarction and thrombolytic therapy in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, Phase II, pilot and clinical trial.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/129/8/597 (4533 words)

	Risk, Types, and Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis -- Cheung et ...
		Surgically treated patients had a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days after carotid endarterectomy than did medically treated patients (P=0.01), but the long-term risk was similar in the 2 groups (P=0.74).
		Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy: incidence, contribution to neurologic morbidity, and predictive factors.
		Lodder J, Krijne-Kubat B, Broekman J. Cerebral hemorrhagic infarction at autopsy: cardiac embolic cause and the relationship to the cause of death.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/34/8/1847 (2447 words)

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