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	Intracytoplasmic sperm injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an in vitro fertilization procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg; this procedure is most commonly used to overcome male infertility problems.
		In natural fertilization sperm compete and when the first sperm enters the egg cell, the egg cell blocks the entry of any other sperm.
		Concern has been raised that in ICSI this sperm selection process is bypassed and the sperm is selected by the embryologist without undergoing any specific testing.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection (233 words)

	TCART - Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
		ICSI is the acronym to describe Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, the injection of a single sperm directly into the cytoplasm of an oocyte.
		The sperm suspension is kept at 37°C in an incubator until the moment of injection.
		Prior to injection, the sperm is specially prepared and immobilized using an extremely viscous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), enabling the technologist to aspirate a single sperm for injection directly into the cytoplasm of the oocyte.
	www.tcartonline.com /fertility_clinics/intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection.htm (312 words)

	Fact Sheet: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a laboratory procedure developed to help infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to severe male factor infertility.
		Absence of sperm secondary to blockage or abnormality of the ejaculatory ducts that allow sperm to move from the testes.
		In this situation, sperm are obtained from the epididymis by a procedure called microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), or from the testes by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA).
	fertilethoughts.net /faq/asrm/icsi.html (512 words)

	Sexual Reproduction
		The walls of the seminiferous tubules consist of diploid spermatogonia, stem cells that are the precursors of sperm.
		Although sperm can swim several millimeters each second, their trip to and through the fallopian tubes may be assisted by muscular contraction of the walls of the uterus and the tubes.
		In sea urchins, at least, the block to additional sperm entry and the fusion of the pronuclei are triggered by nitric oxide generated in the egg by the sperm acrosome.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Sexual_Reproduction.html (3465 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has represented a major breakthrough for the treatment of couples with severe male factor infertility, greatly reducing the need of donor sperm in assisted reproduction.
		Recently, some forms of severe low sperm count have been found due to deletions present on the long arm of the Y chromosome (in a region known as azoospermia factorAZF).
		A classical example of potential for transmitting a genetic disease is the use of epididymal sperm from men with congenital absence of the vas deferens.
	www.obgyn.upenn.edu /IVF/Intracytoplasmic.html (564 words)

	INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI). Center for Applied Reproductive Science. Dr. Samuel Thatcher.
		While a single sperm is all that is necessary for pregnancy, the chance of a pregnancy is reduced when there are fewer than 20 million total motile sperm in the semen sample.
		Sperm are suspended in a second chemical (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) which improves the handling of sperm with the injection pipet.
		After injection of the sperm, the oocyte is released from the holding pipet and washed in a drop of fresh culture medium.
	www.ivf-et.com /tlc/fact_icsi.html (1690 words)

	ART Fertility Treatment: GIFT, ZIFT, IVF, ICSI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or ICSI, was developed to treat couples who previously had a very poor probability of achieving fertilization due to the male partner's extremely low numbers of viable sperm.
		Other sperm problems that prevent fertilization are abnormalities in the series of steps required for fertilization, such as the sperm's ability to bind and penetrate the cytoplasm of the egg.
		One procedure called microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration, or MESA, is used when sperm are unable to move through the genital tract due to uncorrectable blockage, congenital absence of the vas deferens or seminal vesicles.
	www.fertilitext.org /p2_doctor/art.html (1715 words)

	Male Infertility Program at GIVF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the direct injection of sperm into eggs obtained for in vitro fertilization (IVF), is a major program at Genetics and IVF Institute.
		For men with no sperm at all in their semen, we have recently developed a new method for obtaining sperm directly from the testis at the Institute without the need for hospitalizations, anesthesia or prolonged post-operative discomfort.
		Men who lack living sperm in their ejaculate frequently have at least some sperm in the testicles, where sperm are made.
	www.givf.com /male_inf1v.cfm (1025 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, also known as ICSI (ick-see), is a recent advance for male infertility therapy being done in the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) laboratory at Virginia Mason.
		It is used as an alternative to conventional insemination of eggs (in which sperm are simply placed in the same drop as an egg, and fertilization is allowed to proceed unassisted) during an IVF cycle.
		The one group of patients that professionals are somewhat concerned about, however, are the men whose sperm are low in number, have poor motility, and have poor morphology, for no obvious reason.
	www.vmmc.org /dbFertility/sec419.htm (938 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ICSI North Carolina
		Intracytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI) is used in conjunction with IVF and involves the insertion of a single sperm directly into an egg.
		Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) is the withdrawal of sperm directly from the testicles and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration is collection of sperm from the epididymus.
		Once the sperm is inserted into the egg, the resultant embryo is transferred to an incubator where it develops from three to five days.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /ivf/Treatments (367 words)

	ICSI Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection IVF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) revolutionized the treatment of male infertility in the early 1990's.
		Combining ICSI with PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) is a noninvasive method of sperm recovery and has excellent potential for patients who have had a vasectomy and do not wish to undergo reversal, or patients who have had an attempted reversal that has failed.
		TESE (testicular sperm aspiration) is useful for men who have non-obstructive azoospermia caused from maturation arrest disorders and for patients in whom sperm could not be obtained through the PESA procedure.
	www.havingbabies.com /icsi.html (574 words)

	Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		ICSI is a procedure whereby a single sperm is artificially inserted directly into the egg of a woman instead of penetrating the egg in the normal way.
		Men whose sperm are unable to achieve adequate fertilisation rates in IVF now have the opportunity to father their own children with the use of ICSI, which would not have been possible any other way.
		The sperm are then washed and prepared in a way that allows the sperm head to be able to break down to release its chromosomes once it is injected into the egg.
	www.conceptfert.com.au /facts/icsi.htm (872 words)

	Jones Institute: ICSI - Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
		In these procedures, a single sperm is extracted directly from the male's reproductive tract, specially prepared, and inserted into the female's egg.
		Research into intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has focused on the impact of ICSI on the meiotic spindle.
		In nature, the most viable sperm reaches and fertilizes the egg, however, in ICSI sperm are manually selected thus bypassing this natural selection process.
	www.jonesinstitute.org /intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection_icsi.html (327 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		ICSI, is the newest form of sperm micromanipulation procedure performed in the laboratory.
		ICSI involves the insertion of a single sperm directly into the cytoplasm of a mature egg, or oocyte, using a microinjection pipette, or thin glass needle.
		ICSI bypasses both the need to have the sperm swim through the reproductive tract to reach the egg and the need to have the sperm penetrate the egg.
	ethics.acusd.edu /courses/socialethics/socialethics/bioethics/reproductivetechnologies/sld009.htm (67 words)

	Center of Reproductive Medicine / ART Lab - ISIC Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) offers patients with severe male factor infertility the opportunity to achieve a successful pregnancy when standard therapies have failed.
		Micromanipulation involves handling the gametes (sperm and eggs) or embryos at the microscopic level by means of precision instruments attached to the microscope.
		The micromanipulators allow the embryologist to assist in the fertilization process (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, ICSI) or promote the process of implantation of the embryo prior to transfer (Assisted Hatching, AH).
	www.infertilitytexas.com /artlab.shtml (443 words)

	IVF1 - In Vitro Fertilization - Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
		The sperm is injected into the egg by passing the pipette through the surface of the egg.
		The sperm cell is released and the pipette is withdrawn.
		The sperm were required to swim to the egg, penetrate the granulosae cells, and fuse with the surface membrane of the egg in order to achieve fertilization.
	www.ivf1.com /lab-icsi (565 words)

	West Coast Infertility Medical Clinic, Inc., Dr. Kamrava - Embryo Implantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		ICSI stands for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, a technique perfected by Dr. Andre Van Steirteghem and colleagues at the Center for Reproductive Medicine at University Hospital, Brussels Free University in Belgium.
		The egg is held in a fixed position, and a single sperm is aspirated into the injection pipette, which is then placed through the zona pellucida (a relatively tough outer coating of the egg) and pushed into the ooplasm (interior of the egg).
		After injection of the sperm, the eggs are incubated for 16-18 hours, then examined for possible damage and for evidence that fertilization has occurred.
	www.westcoastinfertility.com /icsi.html (409 words)

	Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a new procedure that allows couples with sperm problems to have IVF treatment.
		It is important that the sperm are strong swimmers and that they are the correct shape to be able to reach and penetrate the egg.
		The tiny glass needle containing the sperm is gently pushed through the shell of the egg and the sperm is deposited in the egg cytoplasm.
	www.embryo-adoption.org /articles/pages/icsi.php (996 words)

	Cytoskeleton and Chromatin Reorganization in Horse Oocytes Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Patterns ...
		Sperm injection initiated oocyte activation, which was characterized by a resumption of meiosis during which the maternal chromosomes enlarged (D) and begin to migrate along the spindle toward the poles (E).
		During the formation of the sperm aster, a distinct microtubule nucleation site (arrow) was detected adjacent to the sperm head, and during pronuclear migration, this array of microtubules expanded to fill the whole cytoplasm until it formed a microtubule matrix without a distinct nucleation site and surrounding both the male pronucleus and FPN (G, H).
		After sperm injection, a microtubule aster forms at the base of the decondensing sperm head and the arrested oocyte is activated, progresses through meiosis, and forms the second polar body.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/186 (7084 words)

	infertility - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about infertility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In women, this may be due to blockage in the Fallopian tubes, failure of ovulation, a deficiency in sex hormones, or general ill health.
		In men, impotence, an insufficient number of sperm or abnormal sperm may be the cause of infertility.
		Hungarian biologists estimated in 1998 that around 60% of men may have anaerobic bacteria in their reproductive systems often at levels too low to present symptoms, so treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics may help some men with infertility problems.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /infertility (178 words)

	Science commentary: What is involved in intracytoplasmic sperm injection? -- Berger 318 (7185): 705 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a technique that increases the chance of conception in cases of severe male infertility
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection involves injecting a single sperm into the centre of an ovum using a fine glass needle (one
		Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to overcome most cases of male infertility, even those in which the cause of
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/318/7185/705 (515 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) - Monash IVF Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Standard IVF depends upon the availability of adequate numbers of motile sperm, which are capable of recognising and binding to eggs, resulting in fertilisation.
		The original technique involved the injection of a few motile sperm into the space between the outer coating of the egg (zona pellucida) and the egg.
		The ICSI technique involves the injection of a sperm through both the zona pellucida and the wall of the egg directly into the centre of the egg.
	www.monashivf.edu.au /library/factsheets/icsi.html (1067 words)

	ICSI IVF for Male Infertility
		First, the woman must be stimulated with medications and have an egg retrieval so that we can obtain several eggs in order to attempt in vitro fertilization.
		This needle is then carefully inserted through the zona (shell of egg) and in to the cytoplasm of the egg.
		The sperm is injected in to the cytoplasm and the needle carefully removed.
	www.advancedfertility.com /icsi.htm (732 words)

	BabyCentre \| Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first injection was the worst for me and having a husband who worked shifts and would not be available at the time needed meant that I had to administer them myself.
		My husband's sperm count is less than 1 million and he has an average of 10% normal sperm out of that total, so it is not going to happen naturally.
		We were told that he has a low sperm count and the motility is not good and that the anti bodies are fighting against.
	www.babycentre.co.uk /tips/4097.html (11428 words)

	INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Subzonal insertion of sperm (SUZI), the microinjection of spermatozoa into the perivitelline space (between the zona pellucida and the plasma membrane), gained popularity for severe male factor infertility because typically only 3 to 4 sperm were inserted per oocyte.
		Sperm preparation typically uses a sperm wash, swim-up procedure, or Percoll density gradient centrifugation, depending on the source of the specimen and the sperm characteristics.
		With the sperm and oocytes in the Petri dish, a single motile sperm with grossly normal morphology is aspirated tail-first into the injection pipette.
	www.infertility-male.com /treatment/icsi.htm (1538 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ICSI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Intracytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI), a specialized form of microinsemination, was first developed by reproductive medical specialists in Belgium to help couples to overcome male infertility problems such as: low sperm counts, poor motility or movement of the sperm, poor sperm quality, or sperm that lack the ability to penetrate an egg.
		Once the egg is injected with a single sperm, it is observed approximately 18 hours later to see if fertilization has taken place.
		Such is the case with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, or ICSI, a new infertility treatment utilizing micromanipulation technology that specifically addresses male factor infertility issues.
	www.reproductivegenetics.com /icsi.html (367 words)

	Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) \| AHealthyMe.com
		Introduced in 1993, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was -- and continues to be -- embraced as a breakthrough in treating male fertility problems.
		If a man has a low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or a damaged or missing vas deferens (the pair of tubes that carries seminal fluid from the testes to the penis), or if he has had an irreversible vasectomy, ICSI can help him impregnate his partner.
		Men seeking ICSI because they have little or no sperm in their semen may have chromosomal abnormalities that predispose them to fertility problems, and there's a chance their male children may inherit a low sperm count.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/4097 (960 words)

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